Srbac

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Srbac
Србац

Srbac coat of arms

Srbac (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Bosnia and Herzegovina
Entity : Republika Srpska
Coordinates : 45 ° 6 '  N , 17 ° 31'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 5 '43 "  N , 17 ° 31' 17"  E
Height : 90  m. i. J.
Area : 453  km²
Residents : 16,337 (2018)
Population density : 36 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code : +387 (0) 51
Postal code : 78420
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Mayor : Mlađan Dragosavljević ( SNSD )
Website :
Sokolac Rogatica Rudo Višegrad Pale Foča Gacko Kalinovik Nevesinje Bileća Trebinje Ravno Ljubinje Konjic Istočni Mostar Berkovići Neum Mostar Stolac Čapljina Čajniče Goražde Pale-Prača Ustiprača Foča-Ustikolina Srebrenica Bratunac Milići Han Pijesak Zvornik Bijeljina Brčko Ugljevik Lopare Vlasenica Šekovići Osmaci Olovo Ilijaš Hadžići Ilidža Trnovo Istočni Stari Grad Istočna Ilidža Vogošća Sarajevo-Stari Grad Sarajevo-Centar Sarajevo-Novi Grad Istočno Novo Sarajevo Novo Sarajevo Visoko Glamoč Livno Bosansko Grahovo Kupres Kupres (RS) Šipovo Jajce Donji Vakuf Bugojno Gornji Vakuf Prozor-Rama Jablanica Tomislavgrad Posušje Grude Široki Brijeg Ljubuški Čitluk Fojnica Kreševo Kiseljak Busovača Novi Travnik Travnik Zenica Vitez Kakanj Vareš Breza Kladanj Živinice Kalesija Sapna Teočak Tuzla Lukavac Čelić Srebrenik Banovići Zavidovići Žepče Maglaj Tešanj Usora Dobretići Gradačac Gračanica Doboj Istok Velika Kladuša Cazin Bužim Bosanska Krupa Bihać Bosanski Petrovac Drvar Sanski Most Ključ Petrovac (RS) Istočni Drvar Ribnik Mrkonjić Grad Jezero Kneževo Kotor Varoš Teslić Banja Luka Oštra Luka Krupa na Uni Prijedor Novi Grad Kostajnica Kozarska Dubica Gradiška Srbac Laktaši Čelinac Prnjavor Derventa Doboj Stanari Modriča Brod Pelagićevo Donji Žabar Orašje Domaljevac-Šamac Šamac Odžak VukosavljeLocation of the municipality of Srbac in Bosnia and Herzegovina (clickable map)
About this picture
The town hall of Srbac

Srbac ( Serbian - Cyrillic Србац ) is a place in the north of the Republika Srpska in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the seat of the municipality of the same name. The municipality extends over a total area of ​​approx. 453 km² and is in the north by the Republic of Croatia (the river Sava is the border), in the east by the municipality Derventa , in the south by the municipality Prnjavor , in the southwest by the municipality Laktaši and bounded to the west by the Gradiška municipality .

history

The settlement was first mentioned in 1592 under the name Svinjar ( Serbo-Croatian for "swineherd"), which indicates the importance of cattle breeding in the region.

In 1933 the place got its current name by decree of the Yugoslav government.

Srbac was only affected by the Bosnian War for three days in the summer of 1992, when the place was shelled by Croatian units across the Sava. There was destruction. Many houses are still abandoned today in forests and fields near the Save; to this day, parts of the community territory are mined .

geography

The main town of Srbac is located at the confluence of the Vrbas in the Save , which forms the border with Croatia here. While the western part of the municipality is flat to hilly and is mainly used for agriculture, the up to 650 m high forested Motajica mountain range rises in the eastern part . Hilly landscapes dominate the eastern part of the municipality. The highest point is 652 m and is located at the highest peak of the Motaijica low mountain range; the lowest point is 89 m on the Vlaknica field. The Motajica Mountains rise like an island from the Sava lowlands, with several peaks over 500 m (Gradina 652, Lipaja 643, Oštraja 521). There are also rich deciduous forest areas in this landscape, mostly covered with oak and beech. Motajica is the only Bosnian mountain range where granite can be found.

Over two-thirds of the parish is mountainous and hilly, while the other part consists of fertile flat land. The flat land extends on four levels:

  1. Lijevče polje includes the southern and southwestern part of the municipality along the western bank of the Vrbas River.
  2. Nožičko-srbačka ravan extends from the village community of Martinac along the eastern bank of the Vrbas river to the town of Srbac or the mouth of the Vrbas in Sava.
  3. Lepeničko - srbačka ravan
  4. Ćukalsko-srđevačka ravan

In addition to these large plains, the flat land also includes several fields such as Glinica near the town of Srbac, Lučica and Donje Polje near the village Kaoci, Vlakničko polje near the village Vlaknica and Poloj and Ritovi near the village Kobaš.

Neighboring municipalities are Derventa , Gradiška , Laktaši and Prnjavor .

geology

The municipality of Srbac was shaped by rocks of various types and ages and other characteristics. After formation one finds sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic formations. Limes, clays, marls and gravel sedimented and were deposited by the constant flooding of the rivers. Research has shown the occurrence of various mineral resources in this area, mostly kaolin, quartz, liskun, granite, quartz sand, as well as various types of clay and mineralization of lead, zinc and arsenic.

The Serbian Orthodox Church of the Protection and Intercession of the Virgin Mary in the city center

Substantial amounts of granite settled in the northeastern part of the Motajica Mountains. Granite, one of the most famous deep rocks, has a diverse influence on the social and economic development of the region. On the one hand, it shapes the landscape to a large extent, and on the other hand, granite was and is an important natural stone. Many economically valuable raw materials, such as rare minerals and ores, are bound to the granites. Weathering granite under certain climatic conditions creates kaolin, an essential raw material for the porcelain industry. Kaolin reserves, which are mainly found on the Motajica, amount to more than 2 million tons. Granite was mined to a lesser extent, primarily as a building block. This area was also determined by the occurrence of quartz, which is mainly found in locations such as Milina Brda, Džamijske Kose, Kriskoci, Krenski Potok and in Gornja Lepenica. Sand and gravel deposits are of great importance for this area; on the one hand they are used for economic purposes, on the other hand they serve as habitats for various animal species.

Hydrology

The area that includes the municipality of Srbac is very rich in water. In addition to the Vrbas river , which flows into the Save near the town of Srbac, there are also several small rivers and streams such as Matura, Povelič, Ina, Savica, Lepenica and Osovica. The river Vrbas is of great importance for the whole region. It is used on its upper course by hydropower plants for electricity generation, as well as for irrigation of agriculture on the lower watercourse. The river is 235 kilometers long from the source to the confluence; 27 km of this is in the municipality of Srbac.

In addition to the Vrbas River, the Save is also of great importance for the community. In its watercourse it creates a natural border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia; of which it flows for 40 km along the municipal boundary of Srbac, with no port in the municipality. All traffic and the crossing of the river was carried out by ferries in earlier times, namely in the villages of Bajinci and Kobaš (no longer operating since 1991) and in the town of Srbac, the official border crossing.

The small rivers Povelič, Lepenica, Savica and Osovica also flow within the municipality. Povelic has its source in the village of Gornja Ilova (Prnjavor municipality) and flows westwards to the confluence with the Vrbas near the village of Povelič. The Lepenica is the right tributary of the Povelič; the watercourse begins from the two brooks Zloimenik and Turska Rijeka in Motaijica. The water energy from these rivers was used to power mills in the past. The Savica brook represents an important tourist potential and, together with its reservoir, forms a fishing district. The Savica reservoir is located about 5 km south of the town of Srbac in the immediate vicinity of the mouth of the Povelič River.

Flora and fauna

flora

A favorable geographical position in the natural valley formed by the Kozara, Psunj and Motajica mountains, as well as hydrographic features and temperate climate, allowed the development of diverse flora and fauna in the municipality of Srbac. The entire region, especially the area of ​​the Bardača ecosystem, is characterized by an unusual wealth of flora and fauna, which are an important natural resource for the municipality. Motajica mountain, hills and flat landscapes are 38% forested. The dominant species are oak, beech and hornbeam. In lower areas near the river, the poplar, willow, ash, robinia and red oak are widespread species.

Various types of forest fruits and trees such as hazel, cornel, hawthorn, elder, pomegranate, blackberry and wild cherries, apples and pears grow in forests and fields. The area also has medicinal plants and various types of edible mushrooms (champignons, oyster mushrooms). Forest ownership is divided into state ownership of 14,090 ha (141 km²) and private ownership of 3,000 ha (30 km²) or 17.5% of the forest area. State and private forest areas in the municipality of Srbac are managed by the state association “Motajica” as separate organizational units within the forestry of the public company “Serbian Forests”.

A special feature of the municipality of Srbac is the Bardača ecosystem . The Bardača wetland is a complex of 11 lakes, floodplain meadows and forests, arable land and inhabited areas, located between the Sava and Vrbas rivers northeast of Banja Luka near the town of Srbac. 280 plant species belonging to 71 families are registered in this wetland. Some of them are: the common water hose (Urticilario vulgaris), the horned leaf (Ceratophylletum demersi), the swimming fern (Salvinia natans), Hydrocharietum morus rane, the clover fern (Marsilia quadrifolia-natans), Trapetum natantis typicum, the yellow pond rose (Nutaeupharum typicum), Scirpetum lacustris typicum, Phragmitetum austrialis and Irisetum pseudacorus. The Bardača area itself covers around 3,500 hectares (35 km²).

Freshwater and swamp vegetation form an important and central point in the Bardača complex. On the other side there are different types of forests and meadows. Freshwater and swamp vegetation form different zones such as bog, willow and forest vegetation. The moor vegetation forms several vegetation zones in the transition from the middle of the water basin to the bank. Submerse plants like the horn leaf (Ceratophylletum demersi) and Myriophyllo-Potametum have developed here in the deeper water. Aquatic plants (and also mushrooms) that grow under water are referred to as submersed. The zone of submerged vegetation is followed by the zone of floating vegetation, in which the white water lily (Nymphaeetum albo-luteae), trapetum natantis and sea jug (Hydrochari-Nymphoidetum peltatae) grow. Semi-aquatic vegetation such as the pond reed (Scirpo-Phragmitetum) also developed on the bank, which is flooded partly permanently and partly at regular intervals. The willow vegetation is characterized by the presence of damp stepping floors (Agropyro-Rumicion) and Deschampsietum caespitosae. Due to the different altitudes and soil hydrology, the forest vegetation is divided into several zones: In calcareous soils - mostly on the south side - there is a forest belt consisting of honey oaks and black hornbeams (Querco-Ostryetum carpinifoliae). Pedunculate oaks and hornbeams (Carpino Betuli-Quercetum roboris) often occur in the area of ​​the higher and dry habitat (about 250 meters above sea level).

fauna

Due to the diverse vegetation, numerous and diverse fauna have developed in the municipality of Srbac. Wild boar (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fox (Vulpes vulpes) and hedgehog (Erinaceidae) are characteristic wild animals of the region. This region was also characterized by an extraordinary variety of wild rabbits, which became a rarity mainly due to the uncontrolled use of chemical protectants in agriculture. The Motaijica Mountains represent a special habitat for wild boars (Sus scrofa) due to the high occurrence of oaks. The fruits of oaks and beeches are the main source of food for wild boars.

The abundance of fauna in the municipality is mainly characterized by the Bardača complex, which, thanks to water surfaces, floodplain meadows and forests, fertile soils and rich vegetation, provides the necessary conditions for the life of various species of fish, birds and other animals. The Bardača area represents a unique ecosystem that is predisposed to it through the interaction of many natural and anthropogenic factors. The location and proximity of the Sava and Vrbas rivers have a direct impact on the formation of the geological structure. This area is an important place for nest building, feeding and resting times for different bird species. A total of 178 bird species have been identified in Bardača. It is the only habitat in which the following bird species nest: Plegadis falcinellus (ibis), Platalea leucordia (spoonbill), Larus ridibunds (black-headed gull), Chlidonias hybrida (white-bearded tern) and Sterna hirundo (common tern). In the wet and marshy areas, the gadfly (Anas strepera), the pintail (Anas acuta), the male shoveler (Anas cypeata), the bog duck (Aythya nyroca), the white stork (Ciconia ciconia), the gray heron (Ardea cinerea), the purple heron (Ardea purpurea) and the black-throated diver (Gavia arcticus) their habitat.

The fish fauna in the Bardača comprises 26 species, the most important of which are: carp (Cyprinus Carpio), silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and, to a lesser extent, river catfish (Silurus glanis), pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) and Hechtius lucioperca ). Amphibians also populate the water areas in the area. Standing water provides good living conditions for many types of amphibians. The best-known amphibians found in the Bardača are the pond newt (Triturus vulgaris), the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra), the fire-bellied toad (Bombina Bombina), the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata), the sea frog (Rana ridibunda), the agile frog Rana dalmatina), the common frog (Rana temporaria) and the green toad (Bufo viridis). In addition to the amphibians, some reptiles can be found in the wetlands such as the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis), the wood lizard (Lacerta vivipara), the grass snake (Natrix natrix) and the dice snake (Natrix tessellata). A special biodiversity can be observed in autumn and winter, when many migratory birds settle here to forage or rest or hibernate in the area.

population

At the 1991 census, the municipality of Srbac had 21,840 inhabitants, including

In the main town of Srbac 5,384 people lived, including

The Serbs still make up the absolute majority of the population today.

The municipality comprises a total of 39 places: Bajinci, Bardača, Bosanski Kobaš, Brezovljani, Brusnik, Crnaja, Ćukali, Donja Lepenica, Donji Kladari, Donji Srđevići, Dugo Polje, Gaj, Glamočani, Gornja Lepenica, Gornji Iđlićolevani, Gornji Iđlićari , Kaoci, Korovi, Kukulje, Lilić, Nova Ves, Novi Martinac, Nožičko, Povelič, Prijebljezi, Rakovac, Razboj Ljevčanski, Razboj Župski, Resavac, Seferovci, Selište, Sitneši, Sitneši Mali, Srbaco and Srbaco Vlaknica.

economy

Around a quarter of the population is employed in agriculture. The rest of them work mainly in commercial and industrial enterprises.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://rzs.rs.ba/front/article/3630/ Updated population figures for 2018 from the Institute for Statistics of the Republika Srpska. Retrieved June 9, 2019.