Lazio

Lazio

Basic data
Capital	Rome
Provinces	5 including metropolitan city of Rome
surface	17,207.68 km² ( 9. )
Residents	5,865,544 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density	341 inhabitants / km²
Website	www.regione.lazio.it
ISO 3166-2	IT-62
president	Nicola Zingaretti ( PD )
Relief map of the Lazio region

Latium ( Italian Lazio ) is a region in central Italy with 5,865,544 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019). The most important city in Lazio is the Italian capital Rome . The area designation existed in ancient times, but the borders of Lazio have shifted in different places over the centuries.

location

In ancient times, Latium was understood to mean only the roughly rectangular area between the Tiber , Sabine Mountains , Sinuessa (today's Mondragone ) and the Tyrrhenian Sea .

Today's Lazio is about halfway up the "Italian boot" on its west coast on the Tyrrhenian Sea, which is part of the Mediterranean . The northernmost city is Acquapendente , the southernmost Gaeta . In the countryside, Lazio is surrounded (in the order from north to south) by the regions of Tuscany , Umbria , Marche , Abruzzo , Molise and Campania .

geography

Geologically, Lazio consists of three types of landscape.

The limestone mountains of Abruzzo in eastern Lazio merge into the region of the same name. It occupies a large part of the Rieti Province. In it is the highest mountain in Lazio, the 2458 meter high Monte Gorzano , part of the Monti della Laga . In front of this are the Sabine Mountains , the Monti Lucretili , the Monti Ernici and the Monti della Meta . As a rule, the axis of the mountains runs in a north-west-south-east direction. This also applies to the mountain ranges of the Monti Lepini , the Monti Ausoni and the Monti Aurunci , located southeast of Rome . Geologically, the isolated mountains, Monte Soratte in the Tiber Valley and Monte Circeo on the coast, also belong to the limestone mountains.

In contrast, the hilly country in the northwest of the Tuscia is characterized by tuff , a rock that is of volcanic origin and consists mainly of solidified volcanic ash. The tuff has often created deep canyons. The Monti Volsini on Lake Bolsena , the Monti Cimini around Lake Vico and the Monti Sabatini around Lake Bracciano protrude from it . They are weathered calderas of extinct volcanoes, just like the Alban Mountains east of Rome. The two crater lakes Albaner See and Nemisee are located in this mountain range .

The plains make up a smaller part of Lazio. These are the Maremma laziale , which stretches from Tuscany to the Tolfa Mountains , the estuary of the Tiber southwest of Rome and the Pontine plain , whose swamps were only drained in the 1930s. The Pontine Islands are in front of it.

Most of the rivers - the Tiber with its tributary, the Aniene , the Marta and the Garigliano with its tributaries Liri and Sacco - flow into the Tyrrhenian Sea. Only the Tronto , which rises in the Monti della Laga, flows into the Adriatic Sea .

history

The Lazio Region marketing logo

In the 6th century BC The Latins settled in Lazio . In the Second Latin War from 340 to 338 BC BC subjugated Rome and the area became the core of the Roman Empire . After its fall , Lazio belonged to the Italian kingdom of Odoacer until 493 , and in 536 it was conquered by the Eastern Roman Empire . 755 the region was as a fief of the King of the Franks to the Pope , it became the core of the to be formed beginning Papal States . When the Franconian Empire was divided in 843 it fell to the Kingdom of Italy , but soon regained complete independence. In the course of Napoleon's Italian campaign , the Papal State was taken by French troops and Latium received a republican government based on the model of the Directory of the French Revolution . But as early as 1799, the First Napoleonic War put an end to the republic. In 1801 Pope Pius VII brought Napoleon to give in, who now restored the papal state. However, due to the Pope's refusal to participate in an alliance against Great Britain, the Papal States occupied the Papal States again in 1807/08, and in 1809 it was declared annexed by Napoleon. At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, however, it was decided to restore it. In 1860 Umbria and the Marches joined the newly formed Kingdom of Italy due to political, economic and military uncertainty . In 1870 the papal state, which was now limited to Lazio, was incorporated into the Italian nation- state. The Lazio region has been an administrative unit since 1947.

Administrative division

The provinces and the metropolitan city of Lazio

Lazio consists of the following four provinces and one metropolitan city :

Province or metropolitan city	Capital	ISO	Communities	Population (December 31, 2019)	Area (km²)	Population density (inh / km²)
Frosinone	Frosinone	IT-FR	91	485.241	3,243.95	150
Latina	Latina	IT LT	33	576,655	2,256.16	256
Rieti	Rieti	IT-RI	73	154,232	2,749.16	56
Rome	Rome	IT RM	121	4,333,274	5,351.81	810
Viterbo	Viterbo	IT-VT	60	316.142	3,612.24	88
Lazio	Rome	IT-62	378	5,865,544	17,207.68	341

There are the following cities and larger municipalities in the region.

local community	province	Residents
Rome	Rome	2,705,317
Latina	Latina	116.234
Guidonia Montecelio	Rome	89,256
Aprilia	Latina	67,260
Fiumicino	Rome	65,088
Viterbo	Viterbo	61,437
Pomezia	Rome	57,254
Tivoli	Rome	53,095
Velletri	Rome	51,925
Civitavecchia	Rome	51,923
Anzio	Rome	50.205
Frosinone	Frosinone	48,256
Rieti	Rieti	47,634
Nettuno	Rome	43,780
Terracina	Latina	43,298
Ardea	Rome	39,626
Albano Laziale	Rome	39,137
Marino	Rome	38,478
Ladispoli	Rome	38,435
Ciampino	Rome	37,938
Monterotondo	Rome	37,916
Formia	Latina	37,242
Fondi	Latina	36,479
Cerveteri	Rome	34,727
Cisterna di Latina	Latina	34,100
Cassino	Frosinone	32,929
Alatri	Frosinone	29,059
Fonte Nuova	Rome	26,802
Sora	Frosinone	26,441
Sezze	Latina	23,988
Genzano di Roma	Rome	23,356
Ceccano	Frosinone	22,740
Gaeta	Latina	21,711
Frascati	Rome	20,768
Colleferro	Rome	21,885
Anagni	Frosinone	21,332
Ferentino	Frosinone	20,968
Grottaferrata	Rome	20,709
Veroli	Frosinone	20,596
Mentana	Rome	20,066

Status: March 31, 2008 Source: ISTAT

economy

Compared with the GDP of the European Union (expressed in purchasing power standards) in 2015 reached the region an index of 110 (EU-28: 100). With a value of 0.890, Lazio ranks 4th among the 21 regions and autonomous provinces of Italy in the Human Development Index .

In 2017 the unemployment rate was 10.7%.

tourism

In addition to Rome, the Alban Mountains , the volcanic lakes of different sizes, of which the Lago di Bracciano and the Lago di Bolsena in the border triangle Tuscany / Umbria / Lazio are the largest, as well as southern Lazio, here in particular the monastery, are considered to be particularly attractive for tourists Monte Cassino , which was completely destroyed in World War II, but was rebuilt afterwards.