Cassino (Lazio)

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Cassino
coat of arms
Cassino (Italy)
Cassino
Country Italy
region Lazio
province Frosinone  (FR)
Coordinates 41 ° 30 '  N , 13 ° 50'  E Coordinates: 41 ° 29 '34 "  N , 13 ° 49' 48"  E
height 40  m slm
surface 82 km²
Residents 36,283 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 442 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 03043
prefix 0776
ISTAT number 060019
Popular name Cassinati
Patron saint Saint Benedict
Website www.comune.cassino.fr.it
Look at Cassino
Look at Cassino

Cassino is an Italian city in the province of Frosinone in the Lazio region with 36,283 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019). It is best known for the Benedictine Abbey of Montecassino , which Benedict of Nursia built on the hill of the same name above the city. It is the second largest city in the province and the economic center of the eastern half of the Frosinone province. Cassino is the seat of a university .

Until 1863 the city was called San Germano.

geography

The Cassino plain

location

Cassino is located 131 km southeast of Rome , 98 km north of Naples and 53 km southeast of Frosinone . The distance to the coast at Minturno is 37 km.

Cassino is located in the Liri valley , on the Rapido river , which flows into the Liri 8 km south of the city, and at the foot of the Montecassino mountain, foothills of the Monte Cairo massif. Its districts are Caira and Montecassino in the massif of Monte Cairo as well as San Cesareo, Sant'Angelo in Theodice, Sant'Antonio, San Pasquale and San Michele, which lie in the plain. The municipality extends over a height of 18 to 841  m slm

The community is located in earthquake zone 2 (medium risk).

Neighboring communities

The neighboring municipalities are clockwise: Villa Santa Lucia , Terelle , Sant'Elia Fiumerapido , Cervaro , San Vittore del Lazio , Rocca d'Evandro ( CE ), Sant'Apollinare and Pignataro Interamna .

traffic

Cassino is on the A1 Autostrada del Sole motorway from Rome to Naples, Cassino exit . The historic road connection is Via Casilina , in the ancient Via Latina , which is now classified as the SS6 state road.

Cassino has a train station on the Rome – Naples line .

Surname

At the time it belonged to the Roman Empire , the place was called Casinum . After the monastery was founded on the Montecassino 529, the monastery was first called Castellum Sancti Petri , which was also transferred to the settlement at the foot of the hill. Later the name Eulogimenopoli appears in documents. With the transfer of the relics of Saint Germanus in 866, the name San Germano prevailed. On May 23, 1863, the town council of San Germano decided to revert to the Italianized ancient name Cassino .

history

Cassino after being destroyed in 1944
German military cemetery

Casinum was a Volsk , then Samnite city ​​in southern Lazio. It is rarely mentioned in Roman historiography, first in the 2nd Punic War . The ancient Casinum had an amphitheater and a theater, several temples and was surrounded by a city wall.

In 529 AD Benedict of Nursia founded the Montecassino Abbey on the site of the ancient Acropolis. In 577 the monastery and town were destroyed by the Lombards under Zotto , who incorporated Casinum into the Duchy of Benevento , even though the abbots of the monastery actually exercised power. In 744 Duke Gisulf II officially granted independence to the monastery territory. In 883 the city and monastery were destroyed a second time, now by the Saracens .

In 1230 Frederick II met with Pope Gregory IX in the city that was now called San Germano . to make peace. In 1503 the territorial independence of the monastery ended and San Germano became part of the Kingdom of Naples.

In 1806 the place came to the province of Terra del Lavoro and in 1927 moved to the province of Frosinone and thus back to Latium.

During the Second World War , the city was destroyed in an Allied bombing raid on February 15, 1944 and was then the center of the Battle of Monte Cassino after the mountain was occupied by German troops , and the city was completely destroyed. On March 15, 2014, a commemoration was held to mark the 70th anniversary of this event, attended by Italy's President Giorgio Napolitano .

Population development
year 1861 1881 1901 1921 1936 1951 1971 1991 2001 2017
Residents 7,929 11,770 13,397 19.001 20,064 19,256 24,696 32,787 32,762 36,511

Source: ISTAT

Educational institutions

  • Three general state schools with a primary school ( Scuola primaria ) and secondary level or as a comprehensive school . One of them has a preschool that also offers courses in adult education. There is also a private 6-year primary school with pre-school and a private kindergarten for children from 3 months to 3 years.
  • Two high schools : One of them with a focus on “Classical Education” and a wide range of additional offers. The final examination enables access to all university courses. The second focuses on “Science and Humanistic Tradition”. It enables access to training or employment in industry and trade, as well as admission to university.
  • Four commercial or trade schools with elements of scientific training and a final qualification for a degree. The training courses are in the areas of business and computer science such as administration, finance and marketing, business informatics and tourism. There are courses in science and technology, such as chemistry, materials and biotechnology, electronics and electrical engineering and information technology, mechanical engineering, mechatronics and energy; also training in social and linguistic and communicative areas, in maintenance and technical support. In addition, training for medical-social professions, for production in industry and craft, especially for the clothing industry, as well as training at an art school.
  • The University of Cassino was founded in 1979 as a state university. In 2015, around 8,000 students were enrolled. The university's facilities are centrally located in Cassino and other places in the area.

Attractions

Montecassino Abbey
War cemeteries

Over 70,000 soldiers died on both sides in the Battle of Monte Cassino. Therefore, today there are cemeteries in the area of ​​the city for the fallen from Germany, France, Italy, Poland and the Commonwealth . 20,076 dead lie on the German war cemetery Cassino in the north of the city.

economy

The economy is fixated on the service sector. It is followed by the manufacturing industry, manufacturing companies and repair and transport companies. The chemical and pharmaceutical industries, the fashion industry and the tourism sector are also important. The subcontracting industry was established in Cassino thanks to the establishment of the Fiat factory in nearby Piedimonte San Germano .

Craft businesses are the most common type of business. Youth unemployment is above the Italian average.

The University of Cassino, founded in 1979, plays an important role .

politics

Giuseppe Golini Petrarcone ( IdV ) was elected mayor in May 2011. His center-left alliance also had the majority in the municipal council with 17 out of 24 seats. He replaced Bruno Scittarelli ( UDC ), who served from 2001 to 2011. Petrarcone was Mayor of Cassino from 1993 to 1997.

Carlo Maria D'Alessandro has been mayor since June 20, 2016.

Town twinning

The city of Cassino names the following twin cities:

A friendship and cooperation agreement has existed with the Chinese city of Xianning since 2015 .

sons and daughters of the town

literature

  • Christof Henning: Latium. The land around Rome. With walks in the Eternal City (= Dumont art travel guide ). 3rd edition, DuMont, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-7701-6031-2 .
  • Anton Henze , Kunibert Bering, Gerhard Wiedmann: Art guide Rome. 5th edition, Philipp Reclam, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-15-010402-5 .
  • Wolfgang Kuhoff : Cassino (Italy). Cassino and Montecassino Monastery. In: Antike Welt , Volume 34, 2003, p. 648 f.

Web links

Commons : Cassino  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ↑ Gaetano de Angelis-Curtis: 23 maggio 1863: da San Germano a Cassino. ( Memento of the original from January 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. studicassinati.it, accessed January 6, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.studicassinati.it
  3. ^ Italian civil defense
  4. ↑ Maria Vittoria Albossi: Itinerari Ciociari . Arti Grafiche Tofani, Frosinone 1998, p. 289 .
  5. ^ Gerhard Radke : Casinum. In: The Little Pauly (KlP). Volume 1, Stuttgart 1964, Col. 1066.
  6. ^ Titus Livius , Ab urbe condita XXII 13, 5f. and XXIII 17, 7.
  7. ^ Wilhelm Tomaschek : Casinum. In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume III, 2, Stuttgart 1899, column 1651 f.
  8. ↑ Maria Vittoria Albossi: Itinerari Ciociari . Arti Grafiche Tofani, Frosinone 1998, p. 290 .
  9. ^ Napolitano a Cassino: "L'unità europea è la via maestra per progredire e per rafforzare e diffondere la pace". Retrieved March 15, 2014 (Italian).
  10. ↑ Information from the municipality of Cassino: Schede sintetiche degli istituti scolastici
  11. ↑ Website of the Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge. Work of the Volksbund and description of the war cemetery in Cassino. Accessed September 15, 2014.
  12. ↑ See report of the German-Italian Chamber of Commerce (AHK) from 2010 on Central Italy and Emilie-Romagna under PDF download ( Memento of the original from April 28, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ahk-italien.it
  13. ^ Information from the Ministry of the Interior
  14. ↑ Comune di Cassino - Città gemellate , accessed on June 14, 2018