Trade school
Gewerbeschule was the name given to a type of technical school from the late 18th to the early 20th century, i.e. a type of school in which the pupils learned job-related knowledge in contrast to general schools . The trade schools were tailored to the needs of the manufacturing industry and a. Mechanical engineers , on the other hand , the building trade schools trained civil engineers . The canon of subjects focused primarily on drawing, mathematics, physics and chemistry. The trade schools were mostly classified as middle schools, so their graduates had a level of training that was between that of skilled workers and journeymen on the one hand and that of technical universities and polytechnic schools on the other.
In the 20th and 21st centuries, in the United States , where the concept of dual education has become irrelevant, there are two-year schools ( vocational schools , trade schools, technical schools ) where high school graduates teach practical skills for individual professions becomes. Are formed at the Vocational Schools , among others, electrical and plumbers , welders , nurses , dental hygienists , pharmaceutical-technical assistants , masseurs , beauticians , chefs , paralegal , graphic designers , computer technicians , Fluggerät- and ship mechanics and construction manager . In addition to studying at a university , on-the-job training, taking online courses and joining the US armed forces , attending a vocational school is the path most frequently chosen by young Americans in vocational training .
Trade schools in individual countries
The term Gewerbeschule stands for different types of schools in different countries:
- In Prussia, the forerunners of the upper secondary schools, often referred to as trade school or 6-class secondary school,
were known in the 19th century
- a trade institute founded by Christian Peter Wilhelm Beuth in Prussia in 1821 to promote industry referred to its lower level as "trade school". In three teaching years, 12 to 16 year old students were taught geometry, arithmetic, physics, chemistry, linear and free-hand drawing, trigonometry, statics, mechanics and machine science. The graduates could then either work directly in the machine, textile or chemical industry or visit the trade institute and receive further training.
- the state trade school introduced in old Austria
- in Austria the industrial school was the forerunner of today's HTL, see Higher Technical College
- In 1833 the trade school [sic] Bamberg began teaching in the Kingdom of Bavaria . The city magistrate added the ordinance of Ludwig I of Bavaria of February 16, 1833, which explains the purpose, teaching content and financing of the industrial schools. The subjects of the industrial schools, names of teachers and students, notable events and the like were recorded in regularly published annual reports.
- In 1834 the Grand Duchy of Baden founded "commercial schools" as part-time schools. Geometric and ornamental drawing, arithmetic, geometry, industrial economics and bookkeeping were taught.
- In 1837 the first trade school in the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt was founded in Darmstadt, a forerunner of today's TU Darmstadt
- In 1838 a second trade school was opened in Gießen in the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt , a forerunner of today's Technical University of Central Hesse .
literature
Gustav Grüner: Development of the technical schools in Laetitio Boehm, Charlotte Schönbeck (Ed.): Technology and Education (Volume 4 by: Armin Hermann, Wilhelm Dettmering (Ed.): Technology and Culture , Düsseldorf, VDI-Verlag, 1989.)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b What Is a Trade School? How Can You Apply? Retrieved October 16, 2019 .
- ↑ 15 Alternatives To College That Make Complete Sense. Retrieved October 16, 2019 .
- ^ What Is A Trade School? Retrieved October 16, 2019 .
- ^ Announcement of the establishment of a complete vocational school by the city magistrate, September 27, 1833 online
- ↑ for example in the annual report on the royal trade school in Bamberg , 35th school year 1867/68, Bamberg, 1868, Humann'sche Buchhandlung online