Atina

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Atina
coat of arms
Atina (Italy)
Atina
Country Italy
region Lazio
province Frosinone  (FR)
Coordinates 41 ° 37 '  N , 13 ° 48'  E Coordinates: 41 ° 37 '11 "  N , 13 ° 48' 1"  E
height 490  m slm
surface 30 km²
Residents 4,264 (Dec 31, 2019)
Population density 142 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 03042
prefix 0776
ISTAT number 060011
Popular name Atinati
Patron saint San Marco Galileo
Website Atina

Atina is an Italian city in the Lazio region , Frosinone province in central Italy with 4264 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019). It is 48 km east of Frosinone and 130 km southeast of Rome .

Atina

geography

The old town of Atina lies on a foothill of Monte Cairo above the Melfa valley, north of Cassino . It is a member of the Comunità Montana Valle di Comino .

history

According to legend, Atina was founded by Saturnus . It was a settlement of the Volscians that came into being in the late 4th century BC. It was conquered by the Samnites in BC and conquered by the Romans in 305, lost and regained in 293. It then became a praefectura , which was led by a local chief sent from Rome, the praefectus . As a country town with the legal title municipium , which was established after Caesar's death in March 44 BC. Was assigned to the tribe Teretina , the poet Virgil calls them in his "Aeneid" with the adjective potens . The speaker Cicero praises Atina as the home of many well-known men. These included Lucius Munatius Plancus , one of the most important politicians in the late 1st century BC. BC, whose grave is in Gaeta : On January 16, 27 BC, he requested In a Senate meeting in Rome for Caesar's adopted son Caius Iulius Caesar (Octavianus), the victor of the last civil war. the honorary nickname Augustus . During the Migration Period, Atina, which had a Christian bishop for an unknown time, was destroyed in 410 by the Visigoths and in 577 when the Lombards invaded. In 626 the city belonged to the Duchy of Benevento , later to the Principality of Capua and with this it came to the Norman Kingdom of Sicily . Emperor Heinrich VI. transferred the place in 1197 to the monastery of Montecassino , from which it passed in 1254 to the Counts of Aquino . Since 1389, Atina was part of the county of Alvito , which first ruled the Cantelmo family, who had come to the Kingdom of Sicily together with King Charles I of Anjou in 1266 : their earliest representative, Giacomo I, commanded the first meeting of the in the battle of Tagliacozzo Angiovinian Army. Cantelmi even mentions Lodovico Ariosto in his work “Orlando Furioso” as an energetic military leader . In 1349 a severe earthquake struck the area, which caused considerable damage. After the loss of the Duchy of Sora and Alvito, which had existed since 1443, in 1462 the Cantelmi withdrew to their possessions in Abruzzo . Atina belonged since 1595 to the duchy (since 1606) Alvito of the Gallio family, which ended in 1806. Under their rule and later in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, the place experienced an economic boom, which led to the establishment of a paper factory by the Visocchi family in 1845 and the establishment of an ironworks, which existed until 1861, by the royal government. In 1927 Atina came together with the northern part of the then Campanian province of Caserta to the newly founded province of Frosinone in the Lazio region . The place was affected by the events of the end of the Second World War around the German Gustav Line near Montecassino and the emigration movement, which caused the population to shrink. An earthquake in early May 1984 also caused damage.

Attractions

  • On the way to the historical center stands the ruinous church of S. Pietro in the cemetery area, the first main church of the place, which was built in 1208 by Pope Innocent III. was visited. Directly opposite is the remainder of a Roman road where the former Porta Aurea is assumed. After the end of the cemetery area, some architectural remains of a Roman villa can be seen under a protective roof, which was built over an earlier polygonal wall.
  • After another piece of polygonal wall, the ruins of the church of S. Marco are on the left below. It is said to have been built over a Roman temple. Next to the ruins on the right is the square bell tower made of solid blocks. On the back, in the wall section there, you can see some earlier stones that belonged to a previous building.
  • In the further course of Via Vittorio Emanuele, on the right-hand side, there is a single-storey palazzetto in classical forms with three protruding risalits. The Municipal Archaeological Museum has been housed here since 2000. In five halls it shows Roman inscriptions on local history, handicrafts and ceramic products as well as medieval finds, above all removed frescoes from the 13th century with a courtly scene.
  • At the central Piazza Garibaldi you can see a section of the pre-Roman polygonal wall with a gate. On the same side is the complex of the former Franciscan monastery with the church of S. Francesco from 1630 with a portico made of four arcades; behind it the upper part of the church facade rises. There is a fresco decoration in the interior. In the autumn of 2006, an ancient cistern made of polygonal masonry with a brick floor was discovered in front of the convent, where municipal offices now work.
  • The historical center is behind a building front with a high arched gate. Behind this stands the mighty Ducal Palace or Palazzo Cantelmo, which was built after 1349, on the Piazza Saturno. The front has two towers, only the right one with a tin roof; the second was only raised in a modern way up to the rest of the wall. The facade is characterized by three gothic bi-directional windows and the large pointed arch portal with a Roman relief; to the right of the portal is a Roman statue placed on a base. On the back, two corner towers can also be seen to some extent within a later transformation, from which the original construction plan of a square four-tower structure can be derived. In the inner courtyard, which was restored in 2009, a large staircase to the first floor with two portals and two biforic windows as well as Roman stone fragments including inscriptions can be seen. Today the city administration is housed in the building: on the window wall of the main hall hangs a large Roman-Republican black and white mosaic found in 1946, which contains fields with a labyrinth pattern and stars as well as four warrior figures that are reminiscent of the military conflicts around 300 BC. Remember. In the palace chapel of Sant'Onofrio, the semicircular apse is adorned with fragmentary frescoes depicting a group of saints and Christ in a mandorla between angels; a left fresco fragment shows a Madonna and Child and John the Baptist.
Atina Cathedral
  • The Collegiata S. Maria Assunta on the right behind the ducal palace was built between 1725 and 1746; whether it takes the place of a Roman temple is unclear. It officially has the title of co-cathedral of the diocese of Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo. The slightly convex facade with three storeys is determined by an alternation of brick and stone masonry. The two side bell towers on top represent a specialty. The magnificent three-aisled interior with side chapels and transept as well as high crossing dome contains furnishings from the late Baroque period; this includes entrance gallery with organ, baptismal font, wooden pulpit and choir stalls. On the straight rear wall of the apse there is a painting with the Madonna and Child in Glory, worshiped by John the Baptist.
  • Several palaces are concentrated around the church and Palazzo Ducale. The nine-axis Palazzo della Prepositura from 1598 can be recognized by its lower arched arcades. It was the official building of those clergymen who, after the end of an independent diocese before 1145, exercised the spiritual authority with the title praepositus on behalf of a bishop and were mostly a monk sent by the Abbey of Montecassino or their abbot himself. When the decision of Pope Francis on October 23, 2014 revoked the diocesan rights of Montecassino and its parishes were assigned to the diocese of Sora, this regulation came to an end.
  • The Palazzo Bologna is characterized by a belvedere loggia on two sides with eleven arches on the upper floor. The Palazzo Palombo has a round arched portal with a balcony on consoles with eagles. The Palazzo Marrazza presents itself as a building from the Rococo period through the window shapes and the variously designed wall panels connected to them. Two windows on the first floor are provided with balconies, the metal grilles of which show a pure Rococo shape. A special feature here is a niche with an ornate frame and a mask capital of the corner pilaster above. The large Palazzo Visocchi from the 18th century is characterized by its balcony on the second floor that encompasses a corner. Some interiors with stone ceilings are frescoed and in the private chapel of the Madonna of Loreto there is a richly stuccoed altar.
  • Earlier fortifications of the medieval settlement of Atina in the form of walls and towers are present on various hills and indicate the former function of the place as a bulwark in the north of the Kingdom of Sicily and Naples. In the districts of Atina Inferiore you can find the ruins of the now inoperable Bourbon ironworks, the Ferriera, the small church of San Marciano with a simple interior and the remains of Roman grave monuments with a building core made of Opus Caementicium near the state road to Cassino.

Population development

year 1861 1881 1901 1921 1936 1951 1971 1991 2001
Residents 4,078 4,365 4,666 5,603 5,601 5,961 4,536 4,692 4,484

Source: ISTAT

politics

Silvio Mancini has been mayor since May 28, 2013.

Twin cities

Culinary specialties

In Atina and its neighboring villages ( Gallinaro , Belmonte Castello , Picinisco , Sant'Elia Fiumerapido , Alvito , Villa Latina , San Donato Val di Comino , Vicalvi , Casalattico , Casalvieri , Settefrati ) white and red wines with the designation Atina DOC are produced . They have had a "controlled designation of origin " ( Denominazione di origine controllata - DOC) since 1999 , which was last updated on March 7, 2014. Atina Semillon and Atina Cabernet ( Cabernet Sauvignon and / or Cabernet Franc ) are almost single-variety wines, which must consist of at least 85% of the grape variety mentioned . Atina Rosso must be made from at least 50% Cabernet Sauvignon grapes.

A special type of bean, the Fagioli cannellini di Atina, is also grown in Atina .

Museums

Sons and daughters of the place

Lucius Munatius Plancus , Roman politician and general of the late 1st century BC. BC, founder of the two colonies Lugdunum (Lyon) and Raurica (Basel) and leading supporter of Augustus

literature

  • Alessandra Acconci - Ilenia Carnevale (Ed.): Archeologia, arte e storia nella Valle di Comino. Nuovi dati dal territorio di Atina , Rome 2016 ISBN 978-88-948201-0-2 .
  • Faustino Avagliano (Ed.): Atina potens. Fonti per la storia di Atina e del suo territorio , Montecassino 1998.
  • Eugenio M. Béranger: La cinta muraria di Atina , Rome 1979 (occasional publication).
  • Ders .: Scritti sulle mura: Alatri, Arpino, Atina, Sora, Veroli , Frosinone 2017 ISBN 978-88-86681-52-0 .
  • Herbert Bloch: The Atina dossier of Peter the Deacon of Monte Cassino. A Hagiographical Romance of the Twelfth Century , Vatican City 1998 ISBN 88-210-0682-4 .
  • Luciano Caira - Vincenzo Orlandi: L'approvvigionamento idrico di Atina in età romana , Frosinone 1991.
  • Italo Fortuna: Atina, la chiave che non aprì il fronte di Cassino , Atina 1990.
  • Pier Carlo Innico: Atina. Il museo archeologico: l'epoca preromana , Terracina 2006.
  • Armando Mancini: La magona di Atina. Stabilimento per la fusion del ferro , Sala Bolognese 1987.
  • Ders .: La storia di Atina , Ibid. 1994.
  • Vers .: Lucio Munazio Planco di Atina , Isola del Liri 2000.
  • Le monete degli uomini e delle famiglie illustri di Atina: la collezione del Museo Civico Archeologico di Atina , Formia 2003.
  • Pincherle, Mario: La civiltà minoica in Italia, le città saturnie: Alatri, Arpino, Ferentino, Arce, Atina ... , Ospedaletto 1990.
  • Orazio Riccardi and others: Atina. Viaggio attraverso la storia, la cultura e le eccellenze gastronomiche , Atina 2017 (occasional publication).
  • Heikki Solin (ed.): Le epigrafi della Valle di Comino Vols. 1–13, San Donato Val di Comino 2005–2017.
  • That. - Enrico Beranger: Iscrizioni di Sora e di Atina , in: Epigraphica 43, 1981, pp. 45-102.
  • Simon Luca Trigona: Atina e il suo territorio nel Medioevo. Storia e topografia di una città di frontiera , Montecassino 2003.
  • Pietro Vassalli: Storia di Atina , Sora 1949.
  • Torquato Vizzacaro: Atina e Val di Comino , Cassino 1982.

Web links

Commons : Atina  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ↑ Disciplinare di Produzione della Denominazione di Origine Controllata (production regulations and description). (PDF) In: ismeamercati.it. November 27, 2017, accessed August 6, 2018 (Italian).
  3. ^ Fagioli cannellini di Atina