Monte San Giovanni Campano

Monte San Giovanni Campano
Country	Italy
region	Lazio
province	Frosinone  (FR)
Coordinates	41 ° 38 '  N , 13 ° 31'  E Coordinates: 41 ° 38 '22 "  N , 13 ° 30' 54"  E
height	420  m slm
surface	49 km²
Residents	12,480 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density	255 inhabitants / km²
Post Code	03025
prefix	0775
ISTAT number	060044
Popular name	Monticiani
Patron saint	San Tommaso
Website	Monte San Giovanni
Castello di Monte San Giovanni Campano

Monte San Giovanni Campano is an Italian commune in the province of Frosinone in the Lazio region with 12,480 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019). It is located 100 km east of Rome and 19 km east of Frosinone . Monte San Giovanni Campano is a member of the I borghi più belli d'Italia association (The Most Beautiful Places in Italy).

geography

Monte San Giovanni is located on a hill on the edge of the Monti Ernici above the Liri valley . It belongs to the Comunità Montana Monti Ernici .

history

Despite its modern name, Monte San Giovanni Campano did not belong to the Kingdom of Naples , but to the Papal States . It originated in the late migration of the peoples during the Arab and Hungarian invasions in the 9th and 10th centuries. The predecessor of the settlement is a Benedictine monastery , which was consecrated to Saints John the Baptist and John the Evangelist . The place was, first called Castelforte, border fortress between the Papal States and the Kingdom. Since April 8, 1157, Castelforte became the property of the Counts of Aquino by a document from Pope Hadrian IV (1154-1159) and suffered damage from an earthquake in 1187. In 1427 Pope Martin V (1417–1431) handed the castle and town over to his nephew Antonio Colonna , but they quickly returned to the Counts D'Aquino. In 1472, after his marriage to Antonella, the heir to the last member of the local family line, Francesco Antonio, the Spanish Marques Iňigo d'Avalos succeeded him as local ruler, whose descendants remained in the property until 1593. During the advance of King Charles VIII's French army against Naples in 1495, Castelforte suffered considerable destruction, which is said to have killed around 700 people. In 1502 Cesare Borgia briefly occupied the settlement and castle. In 1568 Pope Pius V (1566–1572) raised the town and the surrounding area to a duchy; on July 15, 1592 he was given the name Monte San Giovanni by Pope Clement VIII (1592-1605). After the death of Duke Alfonso Felice d'Avalos d'Aquino d'Aragona on December 2, 1593, the same Pope replaced feudal rights and made Monte San Giovanni the seat of a Governatorato Pontificio in 1595 . On January 7, 1842, Pope Gregory XVI recognized (1831–1846) granted her city rights. In the fall of 1867, a battle between papal soldiers and volunteers from Giuseppe Garibaldi took place near the place . After the unification of Italy, the attribute "Campano" was added to the place name in 1872 to distinguish it from Monte San Giovanni in Sabina . In 1926 the city came from the province of Rome to the newly founded province of Frosinone .

Attractions

• Collegiata Santa Maria del Suffragio or Santa Maria della Valle, first mentioned in 1186. After its destruction in 1495, it was only consecrated again on February 24, 1632 by Cardinal Innico d'Avalos d'Aragona. The elevation to the Collegiata was made on November 24, 1773 by Pope Clement XIV (1705–1774). Between 1862 and 1865, the papal court architect Virginio Vespignani carried out a renovation, and in 1845 a restoration was carried out. The bronze portal dates from 1974 and shows several scenes from the local Marian legend. A side entrance was equipped with a bronze door in 2007, which also shows popes as benefactors, including Benedict XVI. (2005–2013) with his coat of arms. The single-nave interior offers a late Baroque overall impression. Of the altarpieces, the one with the Holy Family and Francis of Assisi is attributed to the Cavaliere d'Arpino . In the choir there is a Madonna del Suffragio in a large altar, which is considered the work of a Flemish artist. Ten modern stained glass windows behind the main altar and in the chapels depict various saints and the patron saint of Monte San Giovanni.
• Church of San Pietro fuori le Mura in the form of a Greek cross with an extended choir part. The facade turns to the south-east towards the landscape. The soaring dome and the bell tower attached to the right long wall shape the appearance.
• Capuchin convent two kilometers west of the town center with a simple church and a four-winged monastery building with a cloister on the left.
• Castello di Monte San Giovanni Campano (Castello D'Aquino d'Avalos) on the western edge of the city center: The elongated castle has battlements and several towers as well as various buildings within the wall ring. On the western side of the attack there is a prominent pentagonal tower, on the higher eastern side a large square tower in a later bastion with loopholes. In the northern wall there are arched entrances, one of which contains a portal with a lunette in which an image of St. Thomas Aquinas is seated; Another portal bears the name of Alfonso d'Avalos d'Aquino, who is titled as marchio, dux et princeps . Within the area you will find a small neo-Gothic baptistery on an arbor in front of the large tower. The restored three-storey main building from the Renaissance, the Palazzo Ducale, contains a number of representative rooms with old furniture. Under the building is the former dungeon where, between 1238 and 1240, Thomas Aquinas, the seventh son of twelve children of Count Landolfo I of Aquino, Roccasecca and Alvito, born on March 7, 1221, was held by his relatives wanted to prevent his entry into the spiritual life. One of the two rooms in which he lived at the time was later converted into a chapel. Another palace near the upper tower is part of the castle complex; the earthquake of January 13, 1915 destroyed the upper floors, which were not rebuilt. Due to an earlier earthquake in 1703, the upper part of the castle wall was partially removed. In 1832 the Camera Apostolica sold the building complex to the Counts Lucernari, who were followed by other private owners from 1942 until today. The subsequent restoration has not yet been completed.
• Porta della Scrima in a tower with extensions from the High Middle Ages at the eastern beginning of the castle district. With double access, one behind the other, an inner L-shaped staircase leads up to the western town center.
• Palazzo Ferrari with a high portal with a diamond block frame. Inside the building there is a staircase leading to the upper floors with an inscription by the builder Pompeo Ferrari. The inner courtyard shows that it belongs to the late Renaissance through fluted pillars that support an upper loggia on one side.

Population development

year	1881	1901	1921	1936	1951	1971	1991	2001
Residents	5,986	7,443	9,292	10,984	12,246	10,951	12,727	12,739

Source: ISTAT

politics

Antonio Cinelli was elected mayor in May 2006. Angelo Veronesi has been head of the city since May 6, 2016.

Sons and daughters of the place

• Nivardo Buttarazzi (1907–1988?), Cistercian abbot of Casamari and councilor
• Bartolomeo Vallante , called Catena , bandit executed in Rome on January 11, 1581.
• Carlo Vizzardelli (1791-1851), cardinal priest of San Pancrazio and companion of Pope Pius IX. in exile from Gaeta in 1848.

literature

• Sergio Del Ferro: Le fonti documentarie e il territorio. alcune considerazioni sulla topografia dell'abitato di Monte S. Giovanni Campano , in: Il tesoro delle città 4, 2006, pp. 159–172.
• Ders .: Il castrum di Monte San Giovanni (FR) nel medioevo , in: Ibid. 5, 2007, pp. 181-217.
• Ders .: Castrum Montis Sancti Iohannis. Archeologia e storia di un insediamento medievale , Rome 2012 ISBN 978-88-97808-015 .
• Pio Valeriani: Monte S. Giovanni Campano ieri e oggi , Casamari 1972.
• Ders .: Monte San Giovanni Campano nella storia e nella cronaca , Sora 1982.
• Valentino Visca: Monte San Giovanni Campano nel processo risorgimentale italiano , Frosinone 2011.
• Vers .: Monte S. Giovanni Campano. Vicende di due vetuste chiese , Frosinone 2012.
• Ders .: La carcerazione di fr. Tommaso d'Aquino a Monte San Giovanni , Frosinone 2013.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
2. ^ I borghi più belli d'Italia. (No longer available online.) Borghipiubelliditalia.it, archived from the original on August 13, 2017 ; Retrieved August 13, 2017 (Italian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  

Web links

Commons : Monte San Giovanni Campano  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Monte San Giovanni Campano on www.comuni-italiani.it (Italian)
• Comunità Montana Monti Ernici (Italian)