San Vittore del Lazio

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San Vittore del Lazio
coat of arms
San Vittore del Lazio (Italy)
San Vittore del Lazio
Country Italy
region Lazio
province Frosinone  (FR)
Coordinates 41 ° 28 '  N , 13 ° 56'  E Coordinates: 41 ° 27 '41 "  N , 13 ° 55' 53"  E
height 210  m slm
surface 27 km²
Residents 2,549 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 94 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 03040
prefix 0776
ISTAT number 060070
Popular name Sanvittoresi
Patron saint Victor of Milan

San Vittore del Lazio is an Italian commune in the province of Frosinone in the Lazio region with 2549 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019). It is 140 km south-east of Rome and 62 km south-east of Frosinone .

geography

San Vittore del Lazio lies in the Cassino plain below Monte Sambucaro (1205 m). It is a member of the Comunità Montana Valle del Liri and the last municipality in the Lazio region before the regional border with Campania .

The neighboring towns are Cassino, Cervaro , Conca Casale ( IS ), Mignano Monte Lungo ( CE ), Rocca d'Evandro (CE), San Pietro Infine (CE), Venafro (IS) and Viticuso .

traffic

San Vittore del Lazio is on the A1 Autostrada del Sole motorway , with the San Vittore exit .

With the Rocca d'Evandro train station , 4 km from the town center, the town is on the Rome – Naples railway line.

Surname

San Vittore has had its full name since 1862, long before it was incorporated into the Lazio region in 1927 and the then newly created Frosinone province. The original place name refers to the mainly worshiped in northern Italy, apparently on 8 May of the year 303, shortly after the beginning of the Diocletian persecution of Christians , killed Victor Maurus , whose martyrs Vita based on a good historical background.

history

The remains of polygonal walls, which are assigned to the Samnites , are evidence of an early settlement of the local area. Whether, however, their city Aquilonia was located here , which the Roman history of Titus Livius for the wars between Romans and Samnites around 300 BC. Calls, remains open. A sanctuary was uncovered near the settlement in 1962, in which a ritually bent iron sword was found in addition to ceramic shards and shaped stones. This weapon in the type of the middle La Têne period shows two ornamental marks, which are interpreted as a reference to the star symbol of the Macedonians , and an early Latin manufacturer's inscription that names a Trebios Pomponios in Rome, which is perhaps the first mention of the city name Rome . This sword of San Vittore is understood as the dedication of booty by a Samnite warrior.

The present-day location goes back to a fortified settlement from the time when Arabs and Hungarians made the area unsafe between 850 and 930. In 1057 a fortification was first mentioned as a property of the Montecassino Abbey with the word castrum . The place belonged to the Terra di San Benedetto for centuries until 1811, but it was affected from time to time during the battles for the royal rule in Naples between the Anjou and Aragon dynasties in the 15th century.

In the late Middle Ages, the castle passed to the Rome-based Mancini family, who bore the title of Marchesi di Fusignano. It gained importance around 1450, and Giovanni Battista Mancini worked for a short period around 1500 as a condottiere under Cesare Borgia . Francesco V married Girolama Mazzarino in 1634, the sister of Cardinal Giulio Mazzarino, who as Jules Mazarin was the second chief minister of King Louis XIV of France. The branch of the family that moved here was able to record entry into the French nobility, which led to the titles of Duc de Névers, Prince de Vergagne, Pair de France and Grande de Espana first class; Francesco's daughter Olimpia was the mother of the general and politician Prince Eugene of Savoy (-Carignano-Soissons). In the 20th century, the local branch, which emerged from the Neapolitan branch of the family, lived temporarily in the local palazzo and is the owner of properties and buildings in and around San Vittore.

In the spring of 1944, the place suffered considerable damage in the course of the battles for Cassino and the Gustav Line running here , which also affected the castle; after that it was rebuilt for a long time. San Vittore again experienced noticeable damage during the earthquake in early May 1984. Due to its location near Via Casilina and the Autostrada del Sole motorway , however, it did not experience a wave of emigration in the 20th century, but even recorded a slight population growth of around 10 percent.

Attractions

  • The church of San Nicola is in the lower part of the town center. It is understood as the foundation of Greek settlers and was first mentioned in the late High Middle Ages; it is now classified as a national monument. Its high bell tower consists of light house stones at the bottom and dark basalt stones at the top and has a modern pyramid roof. Originally the church had only one nave and was later enlarged by a lower right aisle, which already shows the exterior shape, which also shows the renovation of the late 20th century. The two-aisled interior has extraordinary furnishings from 12th century frescoes uncovered in 1875. In the main nave you can see individual images of saints and the beginning of the Last Judgment . On the right long wall there is its continuation, a cycle of scenes from the life of St. Margaret of Antioch and another with the seven acts of mercy before the judgment led by Christ in the mandorla: These 15th century frescoes are clearly based on this the representations of Giotto in the upper church of San Francesco in Assisi .
  • The handsome Collegiata Santa Maria della Rosa is characterized by an equally high bell tower that stands in front of the center of the irregular facade that does not face the main square, but the slope of the town wall. Walled up from house stones, it has the main portal on the ground floor and a floor with monoforic windows above which is an octagonal tower room with two floors and a low onion dome. At the end of the central nave roof there is a larger dome that is only slightly high. The three-aisled interior is rich in interesting furnishings. A holy water font with an eagle sculpture dates from 1601; the high medieval pulpit with four pillars standing on lions and two three-pass arches with cosmatic work and images of peacocks shows on the front of the pulpit an eagle with spread wings on a book above a human figure, which is surrounded by a snake; on the entrance wall is the tomb of the Bishop of Chieti, Guglielmo III, who died in 1352. Capoferro, from a local family, with an inscription and a reclining figure of the deceased; However, the monument was donated by the citizens only in 1736. The dome sits above the apse, under which the marble altar and the modern organ are located.
  • On the way to the top of the hill, you can see the walls of the fortification with square towers and a round one; There is also a large entrance gate in the central Piazza Municipio: an inscription here asks the reader to always be aware of God's presence in life. Nearby is the old town hall with a high square tower, the Torre Civica, in the architectural style of Razionalismo from the Mussolini era.
  • The church of Santa Maria del Soccorso or San Sebastiano has an unusual façade with a gable with a serliana arch that winds in a wave shape. The single-nave interior contains frescoes from the Renaissance period.
  • At the cemetery on Via Mirteti west of the Centro Storico stands the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, which was renovated in 1968. To the right of the attached campanile with pyramid roof, it presents a baroque facade typical of the region with Ionic pilaster strips, a rectangular portal with an arched lunette, an inscription field and an oculus window, above which the protruding triangular gable with a cross base sits as a crown.

Population development

year 1861 1881 1901 1921 1936 1951 1971 1991 2001 2017
Residents 1,827 2.008 2,309 2,403 2,458 2,250 2.142 2,442 2,674 2,560

Source: ISTAT

politics

Nadia Bucci has been mayor since May 26, 2014.

Culinary specialties

A special cheese specialty of the place is the Conciato di San Vittore.

Culture

Since 2001, the three-day Festa Medievale has been held every year in early August , which includes a parade in historical costumes.

sons and daughters of the town

  • Guglielmo III. Capoferro, Bishop of Chieti, died in 1352.
  • Count Antonio Mancini, officer in World War II and recipient of the War Merit Cross (1915–1990).

literature

  • Manuela Gianandrea: La scena del sacro. L'arredo liturgico nel basso Lazio tra XI e XIV secolo , Rome 2006, ISBN 978-88-8334-247-9 .
  • Antonio Giannetti: Mura ciclopiche in S. Vittore del Lazio, Colle Marena Falascosa. Probabile identificazione del sito dell'antica Aquilonia , in: Rendiconti dell'Accademia nazionale dei Lincei. Classe di scienze morali, storiche e filologiche 28, 1973, pp. 101-112.
  • Wolfgang Meighörner (ed.): Weapons for the gods. Warriors, trophies, sanctuaries , Innsbruck 2012, ISBN 978-3-900083-40-3 .
  • Emanuele Nicosia, Manuela Tondo, Dante Sacco: Ricerche archeologiche e topografiche nel Comune di San Vittore del Lazio (Frosinone) , in: Giuseppina Ghini (ed.): Lazio e Sabina. Atti del Convegno Ottavo Incontro di Studi sul Lazio e la Sabina , Rome 2012, ISBN 978-88-7140-476-9 , pp. 623-632.
  • Alessandro Nicosia (Ed.): Le mura megalitiche. Il Lazio meridionale tra storia e mito , Rome 2009, ISBN 978-88-492-1689-9 .
  • Angelo Pantoni: Le pitture di S. Nicola a San Vittore del Lazio presso Montecassino , in: Bollettino d'Arte 53, 1968, pp. 131-135.
  • Vers .: San Vittore del Lazio. Il Novecento e lo stato attuale delle chiese , in: Bollettino diocesano della Diocesi di Montecassino e Prepositura di Attina 30, 1975.
  • Vers .: San Vittore del Lazio. Ricerche storiche e artistiche , Montecassino 2002. ISBN 88-8256-707-9 .
  • Emilio Pistilli: Aquilonia in San Vittore del Lazio , San Vittore del Lazio 2003.
  • Popoli dell'Italia antica, gentes fortissimae Italiae: Samnium, Latium et Campania. Le antiche città scomparse , San Vittore del Lazio 2007.
  • Dante Sacco, Antonella Natali, Manuela Tondo, Emanuele Nicosia: Progetto Summa Ocre. I siti d'altura di San Vittore del Lazio tra antichità e medioevo. Colle Santa Maria e Colle Marena Falascosa , in: Giuseppina Ghini, Zaccaria Mari (eds.): Lazio e Sabina. Atti del convegno Nono Incontro di Studi sul Lazio e la Sabina , Rome 2013, ISBN 978-88-7140-565-0 , pp. 445-456.
  • San Vittore del Lazio. Storia, economia e futuro di un paese , Rome 1990.
  • Vittore Spennato: Il martirologio di San Vittore del Lazio. Le vittime delle guerre del 20th secolo , Cassino 2004.
  • Maurizio Zambardi (Ed.): San Vittore del Lazio a sessant'anni dalla guerra. Album delle celebrazioni , San Vittore del Lazio 2005.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.