Tychy
Tychy | ||
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Basic data | ||
State : | Poland | |
Voivodeship : | Silesia | |
Powiat : | District-free city | |
Area : | 81.72 km² | |
Geographic location : | 50 ° 8 ′ N , 18 ° 59 ′ E | |
Residents : | 127,664 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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Postal code : | 43-100 | |
Telephone code : | (+48) 32 | |
License plate : | ST | |
Economy and Transport | ||
Street : | ||
Rail route : | Katowice – Zwardoń railway line | |
Next international airport : | Katowice | |
Gmina | ||
Gminatype: | Borough | |
Gmina structure: | 17 districts | |
Surface: | 81.72 km² | |
Residents: | 127,664 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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Population density : | 1562 inhabitants / km² | |
Community number ( GUS ): | 2477011 | |
Administration (as of 2015) | ||
City President : | Andrzej Dziuba (independent) | |
Address: | al. Niepodległości 49 43-100 Tychy |
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Website : | www.tychy.pl |
Tychy [ ˈtɨxɨ ] ( German Tichau ) is a city in the Silesian Voivodeship in the southern part of the Republic of Poland . As the anchor point of the European Route of Industrial Culture and above all because of the largest Polish brewery Tyskie , which has been in operation since 1629 , the local automotive industry and the professional sports club GKS Tychy, it enjoys a supraregional importance. As part of the Upper Silesian Zagłębie metropolis , it is also part of the largest metropolitan area in Poland with around three million inhabitants.
history
Archaeological finds in the cemetery in the Cielmice district show that a settlement must have existed in today's Tychy area as early as the Paleolithic .
From 874 the area around Tychy came under the rule of Svatopluk I to the Moravian Empire . After its downfall, the Polish Duke Mieszko I conquered the region in 985 , making it part of the Kingdom of Poland from 1025 at the latest . In 1336, as a result of inheritance disputes with all of Silesia, it became a fief of the Kingdom of Bohemia and thus part of the Holy Roman Empire .
The oldest written mention of the place comes from 1467. In the protocol written in Latin this is called Tichi . At that time the place was a street village and around 1500 received its first wooden church in the area of today's old town. The name indicates an original designation of the first inhabitants, who must have been descendants or followers of a Tymoteusz , called Tych for short in the diminutive . The term Tychy therefore initially referred to the residents of the place in the plural . In 1526, when Ferdinand I was elected King of Bohemia , Tychy fell to the Habsburg monarchy , probably giving it its German name Tichau for the first time .
In 1629 today's brewery was founded in the north of the village . In 1640 an ironworks was built and in 1650 the first brickworks and a distillery went into operation. A hunting lodge was built opposite the brewery in 1685 , which still serves as a conference center today.
As a result of the First Silesian War , the place fell to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1742 . Under King Friedrich Wilhelm IV it was granted self-administration rights for the first time as a municipality in 1850, its own post office in 1866 and a railway connection in 1868 , which in 1898 favored the establishment of a second brewery. In addition, there has been a cellulose and paper factory in town since 1887 .
After the First World War , Tychy belonged to the voting area in Silesia and by decision of the League of Nations in 1922, Poland became independent again in 1918. 83% of the population voted for the Republic of Poland , 17% for the German Empire . Tychy received its first town charter from the Council of the Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship in 1933 and an urban constitution the following year.
At the time of the German occupation during the Second World War , the National Socialists established the Auschwitz concentration camp near Tychy in 1940 , of which there were a total of 40 sub-camps in Silesia, but none directly in Tychy.
After the end of the Second World War, Tychy was revoked its city rights for the time being by the socialist transitional government in 1945. In 1949 coal mining began in the area around Tychy . In this context, the city, after it had finally received city rights in 1951, was expanded as planned until 1965. The architects Kazimierz Wejchert and Hanna Adamczewska-Wejchert as well as Tadeusz Teodorowicz-Todorowski, who were to make Tychy a modern city in the sense of real socialism , were decisive for the architectural design and expansion of the city .
Despite numerous typical prefabricated buildings from this period, Tychy largely differs from the other towns in the Upper Silesian industrial area in terms of its numerous green areas, leisure facilities, wide avenues and its peripheral location near the Beskid forests and Lake Paprotzaner with its Gostynia stream . The ice rink opened in 1968 and the football stadium built in 1970 and modernized in 2014 represent further important unique selling points for Tychy, which is around 15 kilometers south of Katowice . For Tychy, automobile production in the vehicle plant founded in 1973 was more defining than mining .
After the system change in Poland in 1989, the image of the city changed significantly, thanks to the many new residential areas in which more and more single-family houses are being built, as well as the renovation and expansion of central points in the city center.
economy
The town became particularly important for its beer, which has been brewed in Tychy since the 17th century. Today, the largest Polish brewery company, Kompania Piwowarska , operates the Tychy brewery, which was founded in 1629 and which also produces foreign branded beers. In addition, coal mining , the cellulose , paper , building materials and food industries as well as mechanical engineering are important for the city. The Silesian Flower Fair is also located in Tychy , which makes Tychy the most important hub for the flower trade in Poland.
In addition , cars for the European market are built in the vehicle plant of the manufacturer Fiat , which was formerly owned by the state-owned company FSM . Until 1991, this was mainly the popular Polish small car Polski Fiat 126p , known in Poland as Maluch , later the Fiat Cinquecento , the successor model Seicento and the new Panda . The new retro version of the popular 500 and the Lancia Ypsilon are currently being built in the plant . Since 2008, the Ford Group in Tychy has also produced 120,000 Ford Ka II vehicles a year . The location was expanded enormously by expanding the capacities for the latest models.
In Tychy there are numerous companies in the automotive supply industry due to its importance within the automotive industry. These include primarily companies of German and Japanese origin.
Tychy is also part of the so-called Tychy-Katowice Special Economic Zone , which gives companies tax benefits for new businesses. At the same time, it is part of the Upper Silesia-Zagłębie metropolis with a population of over two million , within which it is one of the wealthiest communities.
Local transport
Tychy has an extensive trolleybus system . All bus and trolleybus lines belong to the municipal transport association ZTM . In Tychy there are five other stops in addition to Tychy station : Tychy Żwaków, Tychy Zachodnie, Tychy Bielska, Tychy Grota-Roweckiego and Tychy Lodowisko. Koleje Śląskie and PKP Intercity trains stop in Tychy .
Science and culture
In 1990 a state college for foreign language teachers was established in Tychy . Since 1996 the city has also had a university for management and social affairs .
Annual cultural events include the Silesian Guitar Autumn and the exhibition Music in Painting . A modern rehabilitation center can also be found in the city , which is located directly on the popular Paprotzaner Lake.
The city has produced many successful and well-known athletes for football and ice hockey who play in the leagues of Central Western Europe and North America. The blues rock band Dżem around the late musician Ryszard Riedel is also internationally known .
sons and daughters of the town
- August Kiß (1802–1865), German sculptor
- Józef Krupiński (1930–1998), Polish poet
- Roman Ogaza (1952-2006), Polish football player
- Marek Szkudło (* 1952), Polish bishop
- Lucyna Langer (* 1956), Polish athlete
- Ryszard Riedel (1956–1994), Polish blues and rock singer
- Roman Polko (* 1962), Polish military
- Piotr Greger (* 1964), Polish Roman Catholic auxiliary bishop
- Ireneusz Krosny (* 1968), Polish pantomime
- Marcel Witeczek (* 1968), German soccer player
- Adam Juretzko (* 1971), German wrestler
- Mariusz Czerkawski (* 1972), Polish ice hockey player
- Krzysztof Oliwa (* 1973), Polish ice hockey player
- Bartosz Karwan (* 1976), Polish football player
- Lukas Sinkiewicz (* 1985), German-Polish soccer player
- Katharina Nocun (* 1986), German-Polish civil rights activist and politician
- Karolina Naja (* 1990), Polish canoeist
- Jakub Świerczok (* 1992), Polish football player
- Arkadiusz Milik (* 1994), Polish football player
- Szymon Żurkowski (* 1997), Polish football player
politics
City President
At the head of the city administration is a city president who is directly elected by the population. Since 2000 this has been Andrzej Dziuba.
In the 2018 election, Dziuba, who was also supported by Koalicja Obywatelska , ran his own election committee again as mayor. The vote brought the following result:
- Andrzej Dziuba (Election Committee of President Andrzej Dziuba) 75.7% of the vote
- Anita Skapczyk ( Prawo i Sprawiedliwość ) 24.3% of the vote
Dziuba was thus re-elected in the first ballot.
City council
The city council consists of 25 members and is directly elected. The 2018 city council election led to the following result:
- Election Committee of President Andrzej Dziuba 31.0% of the vote, 9 seats
- Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (PiS) 24.1% of the vote, 8 seats
- Koalicja Obywatelska (KO) 19.4% of the vote, 5 seats
- Election Committee “Tychy - Our Little Home” 10.0% of the vote, 2 seats
- Election committee of the “Association for the Development of the City of Tychy” 9.1% of the votes, 1 seat
Town twinning
- Cassino , Italy (since 1977)
- Marzahn-Hellersdorf (Berlin) , Germany (since 1992)
- Huddinge , Sweden (since 2002)
- Oberhausen , Germany (since 2020)
Web links
- Official information portal of the city of Tychy (Polish)
- Official website of the city administration (Polish, German, English, Italian)
- Municipal Theater (Polish)
- City Intelligence Service (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ Website of the city (BIP), Prezydent , accessed on February 3, 2015
- ↑ Polska z Miodkiem, Tychy. In: vod.tvp.pl. Retrieved February 3, 2016 .
- ↑ Wyborcza.pl. (No longer available online.) In: m.katowice.wyborcza.pl. Formerly in the original ; accessed on February 6, 2016 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Result on the website of the electoral commission, accessed on August 4, 2020.
- ^ Result on the website of the electoral commission, accessed on August 4, 2020.