Sosnowiec

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Sosnowiec
Sosnowiec Coat of Arms
Sosnowiec (Poland)
Sosnowiec
Sosnowiec
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Silesia
Powiat : District-free city
Area : 91.20  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 17 ′  N , 19 ° 8 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 17 ′ 0 ″  N , 19 ° 8 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 330 m npm
Residents : 201.121
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 41-200 to 42-560
Telephone code : (+48) 32
License plate : SO
Economy and Transport
Rail route : Dąbrowa Górnicza – Katowice , Tunel – Sosnowiec
Jaworzno Szczakowa – Mysłowice , Dąbrowa Górnicza Ząbkowice – Kraków
Next international airport : Katowice
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Surface: 91.20 km²
Residents: 201.121
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 2205 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 2475011
Administration (as of 2015)
City President : Arkadiusz Chęciński
Address: aleja Zwycięstwa 20
41-200 Sosnowiec
Website : www.sosnowiec.pl



Sosnowiec ([ sɔsnɔvʲɛʦ ] listen ? / I , German Sosnowice and Sosnowiec ) is a Polish city on the Black Przemsa in the province of Silesia - about 10 km east of the regional capital Katowice (Katowice) and 65 km north-west of Krakow in the east of the Upper Silesian industrial region located , as the center of the historical region of Zagłębie Dąbrowskie (Dombrowa Coal Basin) . Industries are u. a. the metal - and textile processing . Audio file / audio sample  

history

The Sosnowiec area in 1843, before the Warsaw-Vienna railway opened

Today's town of Sosnowiec includes many former localities, of which the old Sosnowice (today's Stary Sosnowiec ) in the junction of the Brynica and Black Przemsa rivers was one of the youngest. The small southernmost village in the duchy of Siewierz of the Krakow bishops (only formally attached to Poland in 1790) was first mentioned in documents in 1727 in the documents of the Roman Catholic parish in the Upper Silesian city ​​of Mysłowice . The pseudo patronymic name comes from the pine forests that covered the area until around 1830. The duchy of Siewierz also included the westernmost and oldest town in the city - Milowice , which could be mentioned as Milej as early as 1105 .

In the time of the Third Partition of Poland (1795) there were two cities within the present border of Sosnowiec: Modrzejów and Niwka / Niwki, but both lost city rights in 1801. The area then belonged to Prussia ( New Silesia ) until the defeat of Prussia by Napoléon . , has been part of the Duchy of Warsaw founded by Napoleon since 1807 (in personal union with Saxony ) and has been in fact Russian since the Treaty of Kalisch (anti-Napoleonic agreement between Prussia and Russia ) in 1813. The Congress of Vienna gave it to the newly founded Kingdom of Poland , which was only apparently autonomous and from 1831 also officially became a province of the Russian Empire .

During the time of the Congress of Poland, industrial development followed in the Polish and Dombrowa coal basin. In 1853 a fertilizer factory was opened in the village of Sosnowiec, but (Stary– / Alt–) Sosnowiec remained a few decades smaller than the neighboring Pogoń or Sielec . In 1862 a station was opened on the Warsaw-Vienna Railway in Sosnowiec. In 1902 the villages of Sosnowiec, Pogoń, Sielce, Ostra Górka and Radocha were united to form the new largest town in the Dombrowa coal basin, Sosnowice , with around 61,000 inhabitants . In 1915 Dębowa Góra, Konstantynów, Milowice, Modrzejów, Pekin and Środula were incorporated.

The Dreikaisereck in the south became a tourist attraction from the end of the 19th century and thus a picture postcard motif.

With the re-establishment of Poland in 1918, Sosnowiec, as it was called from 1901, became Polish again. In 1921, the independent city of Sosnowiec in the Kielce Voivodeship had 3,422 houses with 86,497 inhabitants, apart from Roman Catholic (71,485) Poles (75,372) there were 13,646 Jews (by religion, by nationality 10,766), 753 Protestants, 595 other Christians and a few hundred people of other nationalities or beliefs.

Second World War

Środula district in winter

After the attack on Poland on September 13, 1939, the previously Polish urban district of Sosnowiec in the Kielce Voivodeship was subordinated to the German Border Guard Section Command 3, head of the civil administration in Katowice, and the name of the city was Germanized in Sosnowitz . On October 3, 1939, the Border Guard Section Command 3 was renamed Section Upper Silesia . The so-called "Germanization" proceeded from the time of the conquest among a multitude of crimes against the civilian population. The Jewish part of the population in particular suffered. In a suburb, a “Jewish residential district”, also belittling the ghetto, which was the official cover name of a large part of the newly established concentration camps in Poland, was established.

On October 10, 1939, Sosnowiec became part of the Krakow military district (southern border section) and from October 26, 1939 it initially belonged to the German Government General for the occupied Polish territories . Sosnowiec was incorporated into the German Reich in violation of international law on November 20, 1939 ( annexation ) and from then on belonged to the administrative district of Katowice in the Prussian province of Silesia . On January 1, 1940, Sosnowiec was also declared to be subject to the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, which provided for the enforcement of the Führer principle at the municipal level; at the same time the city was confirmed as an urban district .

In October 1940, Sosnowiec became a seat of the Schmelt organization , which was set up by Himmler “to record and control foreign labor in Eastern Upper Silesia”. Numerous companies settled there, in which Jewish forced laborers had to work for armaments. In April 1941 5,000 Jews were resettled from Oświęcim and found in Sosnowiec and Będzin . In August 1943, 30,000 Jews from Sosnowiec and Będzin were deported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp.

After the dissolution of the province of Silesia, Sosnowiec belonged to the province of Upper Silesia newly established by the occupiers of Poland from January 18, 1941 until the liberation by the Red Army in January 1945.

After 1945

During the People's Republic of Poland , Sosnowiec initially belonged to the Śląsko-Dąbrowskie Voivodeship , from 1948 to 1998 to the Katowice Voivodeship . In the 1970s, under Edward Gierek , the city was largely rebuilt.

politics

City President

At the head of the city administration is a city ​​president who is directly elected by the population. Since 2014 this has been Arkadiusz Chęciński from Platforma Obywatelska (PO).

In the 2018 election, Chęciński stood for the electoral alliance Koalicja Obywatelska from PO and Nowoczesna . The vote brought the following result:

Chęciński was thus elected for a second term in the first ballot.

City council

The city council consists of 25 members and is directly elected. The 2018 city council election led to the following result:

Others

Sielecki Hunting Lodge in Sosnowiec

On June 14, 1999 Pope John Paul II visited the city and the cathedral as part of his trip to Poland.

traffic

The main railway station Sosnowiec Główny located on the railway line Warsaw-Katowice , the railway Tunel Sosnowiec ends there. Stops named after Sosnowiec are also located on the Jaworzno Szczakowa – Mysłowice and Dąbrowa Górnicza Ząbkowice – Kraków railway lines .

In public transport there is a connection to the Upper Silesian tram network .

Industry

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Honorary citizen

Web links

Commons : Sosnowiec  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. Website of the city, Prezydent Sosnowiec , accessed on February 16, 2015.
  3. Główny Urząd Statystyczny: Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Tom III. Województwo kieleckie . Warszawa 1925, p. 3 [PDF: 9] (Polish, online [PDF]).
  4. Klaus-Peter Friedrich (edit.): The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933–1945 (source collection) Volume 4: Poland - September 1939 – July 1941 , Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-486-58525- 4 , p. 580 f. = Document VEJ 4/269
  5. Document VEJ 19/231 in: Ingo Loose (edit.): The persecution and murder of the European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933–1945 (source collection), Volume 10: Poland: The incorporated areas August 1941–1945 , Berlin / Boston 2020 , P. 613.
  6. ^ Result on the website of the election commission, accessed on July 27, 2020.
  7. ^ Result on the website of the election commission, accessed on July 27, 2020.