Będzin

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Będzin
Będzin coat of arms
Będzin (Poland)
Będzin
Będzin
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Silesia
Powiat : Będzin
Area : 37.20  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 19 ′  N , 19 ° 8 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 19 ′ 0 ″  N , 19 ° 8 ′ 0 ″  E
Residents : 56,624
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 42-500
Telephone code : (+48) 32
License plate : SBE
Economy and Transport
Street : Katowice - Warsaw
Wroclaw - Krakow
Rail route : Dąbrowa Górnicza-Katowice
Next international airport : Katowice
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Surface: 37.20 km²
Residents: 56,624
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 1522 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 2401011
Administration (as of 2015)
City President : Łukasz Komoniewski
Address: ul. 11 Listopada 20
42-500 Będzin
Website : www.bedzin.pl



Castle in Będzin

Będzin [ ˈbɛɲʥin ], ( German Bendzin , also temporarily Bendsburg , Bandin ) is a town on the Black Przemsa in Poland in the Silesian Voivodeship .

Geographical location

Będzin is located about 65 km northwest of Kraków and 10 km northeast of Katowice in the north-eastern part of the Upper Silesian industrial area .

City structure

The urban area of ​​Będzin consists of the following districts:

  • Śródmieście; downtown Będzin
  • Małobądz; District since 1915
  • Gzichów; since 1915
  • Warpie
  • Ksawera; since 1923
  • Łagisza ; since 1973
  • Grodziec ; since 1975

history

There were first settlements on the site of today's Będzin as early as the 9th century. At that time, a castle was built on a hill and a settlement was built to protect it. The place including the castle was destroyed by the Tatars in 1241 (possibly not until 1259) . In 1349 at the latest, the place received city rights under Polish law . On August 5, 1358, the city received from King Casimir III. the great city ​​charter according to Magdeburg law . In the same year the construction of a stone castle began, which at that time protected the Polish-Silesian border on the Schwarzen Przemsza (contrary to the Duchy of Teschen or Duchy of Siewierz on the western bank, which was bought by the Krakow bishops in 1443).

Administratively, the city belonged to the district Proszowski or Krakowski of the Krakow Voivodeship . Around 1600 Będzin was one of the 14 cities in the voivodeship with the largest Jewish population (see shtetl ).

As a result of the Third Partition of Poland , Będzin in New Silesia became part of Prussia , the castle and the town's goods became the property of the Hohenzollern family . In 1807 the place became part of the Duchy of Warsaw and in 1815 by the provisions of the Congress of Vienna City in the Kingdom of Poland , whose king was the respective Tsar of Russia .

At the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, hard coal was discovered in the area around Będzin . This changed the image of the city and was now shaped by mining and the cement industry. The Warsaw - Vienna train connection gave the town a connection to the rail network in 1859. There are two stops, Będzin and Nowy-Będzin. The first public school was inaugurated around 1860. Seven years later the powiat Będziński was established and Będzin became a district town.

On September 4, 1939, Będzin was occupied by the German armed forces during the attack on Poland and incorporated into the German Reich in violation of international law. It was assigned the seat of a German district administrator in the new "East Upper Silesia" and renamed Bendsburg a little later .

  • See also the biography of one of the officials: Udo Klausa , District Administrator May 1940 to November 1942 (so-called Reich German District Bendsburg )

A large Jewish assembly camp was set up on site as part of the German persecution measures in the Shoah .

From 1950 to 1998 it was part of the Katowice Voivodeship . In 1956 the reconstruction of the destroyed castle was completed.

Historically, Będzin was undisputedly part of the Lesser Poland region , after the administrative reform in modern Poland in 1999 it became part of the Województwo śląskie (Silesian Voivodeship). In order to distinguish the Lesser Poland industrial area from the Silesian one, the area around Będzin is sometimes referred to as Zagłębie Dąbrowskie (Dombrowa coal basin).

On January 1, 1973, the city of Łagisza Będzin was incorporated.

Jewish community

City view of Będzin at the beginning of the 20th century, the synagogue in the foreground on the right

At that time the city had one of the largest Jewish communities in Lesser Poland with (1940) 24,495 members. On September 8, 1939, numerous Jewish residents of the city were driven into the large synagogue by an SS / SD task force , which was then set on fire with them. Over 40 people died. From July to August 1943, the ghetto was cleared by the German occupiers and the Jewish residents were deported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. The residents of Będzin such as Rózia Robota , Ala Gertner , Regina Safirsztajn , Ester Wajcblum and at least seven other named men were later involved in the preparation and implementation of the uprising of the special command against the SS guards .

See also: New Jewish Cemetery (Będzin)

traffic

The city has three stops on the Warszawa – Katowice railway line . In public transport there is a connection to the Upper Silesian tram network .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Honorary citizen

Personalities who have worked in the place

  • Alfred Roßner (1906–1943), German entrepreneur and savior of the Jews

literature

Web links

Commons : Będzin  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ Website of the city, Prezydent Miasta ( Memento of the original of February 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 24, 2015.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bedzin.pl
  3. ^ Henryk Rutkowski (editor), Krzysztof Chłapkowski: Województwo krakowskie w drugiej połowie XVI wieku; Cz. 2, Komentarz, indeksy . Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 2008, p. 75 (Polish, online ).
  4. ↑ Dz.U. 1975 no 17 poz. 92 (Polish) (PDF; 802 kB)
  5. ↑ Dz.U. 1972 nr 50 poz. 325 Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 30 listopada 1972 r. w sprawie zmiany granic niektórych miast stanowiących powiaty. (Polish, accessed February 23, 2015)
  6. ↑ Auschwitz Yearbook 1996 on the history and effects of the Holocaust; Frankfurt / Main, New York, Campus, 1996, ISBN 3-593-35441-1 ; P. 287.
  7. ^ Mary Fulbrook: A small town near Auschwitz. Ordinary Nazis and the Holocaust. Oxford University Press 2012, ISBN 978-0-19-960330-5 , pp. 236 ff.
  8. ↑ www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/bedzin (English)
  9. ↑ Reading sample