Duchy of Siewierz

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The Voivodeships of Poland-Lithuania, Siewierz in red
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             Limits of the Duchy of Siewierz             Borders of New Silesia
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Malopolska-Silesian border region in the Middle Ages


Coat of arms of the duchy
Siewierz Castle

The Duchy of Siewierz (Polish Księstwo Siewierskie ; Czech Seveřské knížectví ; Latin Ducatus Severiensis ) was created in 1330 through the division of the Silesian Duchy of Bytom , which was ruled by the Silesian Piasts . The city of Siewierz was the residence of the dukes . It lay between the Brynica in the west and the upper Warta and the Black Przemsa in the east and had an area of ​​679 km², 1/3 larger than Andorra , with which it has sometimes been compared in literature.

history

The castellanias of Bytom ( Bytom ) and Oświęcim (Auschwitz) with Pszczyna (Pless) in Lesser Poland and in the Duchy of Krakow and in the Diocese of Krakow transferred in 1177 or 1179 the then Senior Casimir II. "The Righteous" to the Ratibor Duke Mieszko I. "Sacrum “ , Who incorporated it into his Duchy of Ratibor and in 1202 with it together with the Duchy of Opole . It is not certain whether Siewierz was also connected to Silesia at that time, or whether that happened later.

In 1337, Duke Wladislaw II. Von Bytom - Cosel sold the duchy to Duke Casimir I of Teschen , who remained with his descendants until 1443.

1443 it sold Duke Wenceslas I. for 6000 Silbergroschen the Cracow bishop Zbigniew Oleśnicki . The sales document specifically mentioned all localities in the duchy. Even under his successors Siewierz remained in the possession of the bishops of Cracow.

In 1462 in Glogau , the Bohemian King Georg von Podiebrad († 1471) waived his right to Oswęcim / Oswenczym, Wołek / Wolek, Siewierz / Dewoz, Zator / Zathor, Berwald, Szywecz / Zilbez for life. In 1474, Vladislav II Jagiełło of Bohemia and Hungary renounced the claim to the whole area forever ( in perpetuum ).

The country had greater autonomy than the Duchy of Auschwitz - Zator or the district of Silesia and had its own laws, finances and its own army. Around the year 1600 the duchy comprised 3 cities (Siewierz, Koziegłowy with more than 1000 inhabitants each and the smaller Czeladź ) and 75 villages, of which only four (Gniazdów, Grodziec , Lgota, Siedlec) had more than 200 inhabitants. All cities and 27 villages belonged directly to the diocese of Krakow. Only in 1790 was it formally annexed by the Sejm to the Kingdom of Poland-Lithuania and was administratively annexed to the Cracow Voivodeship . In the course of the third division of Poland , Prussia came to the newly created province of Neuschlesien in 1795 and Siewierz became the seat of a district. In 1800 the city lost its status as a bishop's residence. The local parishes were annexed to the Wroclaw diocese for over ten years.

In 1807 the duchy was temporarily restored as a gift from Napoleon to his Marshal Jean Lannes . It became part of Congress Poland after the Congress of Vienna and the area has shared the history of the Russian part of Poland ever since. The Krakow bishops held the title Duke of Siewierz until 1951, most recently Adam Stefan Sapieha .

literature

  • Heinrich Berghaus : About the former Silesian principality of Severien . In: Annalen der Erd-, Völker- und Staatkunde , Volume 4, Berlin 1831, pp. 30–42 ( books.google.de ).
  • Universal Lexicon of the Present and the Past , Volume 15, 1862, p. 922.
  • Henryk Rutkowski (editor), Krzysztof Chłapkowski: Województwo krakowskie w drugiej połowie XVI wieku; Cz. 2, Komentarz, indeksy . Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 2008 (Polish, online ).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Map of the Krakow Voivodeship around 1600
  2. ^ Henryk Rutkowski (editor), Krzysztof Chłapkowski: Województwo krakowskie w drugiej połowie XVI wieku; Cz. 2, Komentarz, indeksy . Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 2008, p. 68 (Polish, online ).
  3. J. Laber Shek: Z dziejów Siewierza i ziemi siewierskiej do końca XIII wieku . In: Siewierz, Czeladź, Koziegłowy. Studia z dziejów księstwa siewierskiego , Katowice, 1994, pp. 126–129.
  4. ^ Rudolf Žáček: Dějiny Slezska v datech . Praha 2004, ISBN 80-7277-172-8 , pp. 443f.
  5. IX. Venditio Ducatus Severiensis 1443, In: Maurcy Dzieduszycki: Zbigniew Oleśnicki , B. 2, Kraków, 1854
  6. ^ KR Prokop, 2002, p. 203.
  7. ^ KR Prokop, 2002, p. 205.