Duchy of Zator

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The coat of arms of the Duchy of Zator
Duchy of Zator after its creation
Border changes around the Duchy of Auschwitz and Zathor in the Middle Ages
The coat of arms of the Duchy of Auschwitz and Zator in 1772 ( Galicia )

The Duchy of Zator (Polish Księstwo Zatorskie ; Czech Zatorské knížectví ) was created in 1445 through the division of the Duchy of Auschwitz . It was ruled by the Silesian Piasts , who sold it to the Polish king in 1494. The place of residence was the city of the same name, Zator .

history

The Zator area initially belonged to Lesser Poland . In 1171 or 1179, the area west of the Skawa was probably connected to the Duchy of Ratibor and in 1274 the border of the united Duchy of Opole-Ratibor was moved to the Skawinka , with the exception of the Radwanite Corridor . From 1290 it belonged to the Duchy of Teschen and when it was partitioned in 1314/15 it came to the Duchy of Auschwitz , which had been a fiefdom of the crown of Bohemia since 1327 , but from the early 15th century the relationship with Prague was weakened, especially after the outbreak of the Hussite Wars . After the death of Sigismund von Luxemburg , the pressure from Poland on the Duchy of Auschwitz increased. In 1438 Dzierżysław (Dzierżko) conquered from Rytwian Zator, probably in an anti-Habsburg diversionary campaign. In exchange for the omission of the occupation of Zator, Wenceslaus I of Auschwitz-Zator had to cede the Barwałd Castle on the Żar hill, east of Wadowice , across from Lanckorona , to Mikołaj Serafin, which was done on February 3, 1441 by Wladislaus III. has been confirmed by Poland and Hungary . As a result, some villages of the Starostei of Barwałd were detached from the Duchy of Auschwitz and attached to Poland ( in perpetuum concedit ). As a result, the complicated eastern border with the Radwanite Corridor and the exclave around Krzęcin was increasingly threatened and dependent on Poland.

After the death of Duke Casimir I of Auschwitz in 1434, his estates were initially administered by the eldest son Wenceslaus I and only divided in 1445. For Wenceslaus I, the area was spun off from Zator and raised to an independent duchy. The duchy of Auschwitz, reduced in size, was kept by the youngest brother, Johann IV , while the middle brother, Primislaus III. the Duchy of Tost received.

After the death of Duke Wenceslaus I in 1465, he was followed by his sons Casimir , Wenceslaus II , John V and Wladislaus . The longest living Duke Johann V sold the Duchy of Zator to the Polish King John I in 1494 , reserving a lifelong usufruct. After his death in 1513, the duchy was ruled directly by the Polish king.

With the Sejm resolution of 1564 in Warsaw , the Duchy of Zator was incorporated together with the Duchy of Auschwitz, which came to the Jagiellonian as early as 1457 when the united district of Silesia was incorporated into Poland, which became part of the Krakow Voivodeship .

After the first partition of Poland in 1772, the area of ​​Zator came to Austria and was administratively attached to Galicia . In order to register her claims to the former Bohemian duchy, Archduchess Maria Theresa dubbed her title as Queen of Bohemia, among other things, as Duchess of Auschwitz-Zator . In the years 1820 to 1850 Zator became part of the German Confederation together with other Habsburg territories , but practically remained part of the Wadowice District again . After the First World War, the area fell to the Second Polish Republic in 1918 .

Dukes of Zator

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ Stronie , Leśnica , Zakrzów , Barwałd , Jaroszowice , the Ochodza forest , possibly also Chocznia

Individual evidence

  1. ^ KR Prokop, 2002, p. 47.
  2. ^ KR Prokop, 2002, p. 69.
  3. ↑ A. Nowakowski, 2018, p. 171.

Web links

Commons : Duchy of Zator  - Collection of images, videos and audio files