Zator

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Zator
Zator coat of arms
Zator (Poland)
Zator
Zator
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lesser Poland
Powiat : Oświęcimski
Gmina : Zator
Area : 11.53  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 0 ′  N , 19 ° 26 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 0 ′ 0 ″  N , 19 ° 26 ′ 0 ″  E
Residents : 3701 (December 31, 2016)
Postal code : 32-640
Telephone code : (+48) 33
Economy and Transport
Street : Droga krajowa 28
Droga krajowa 44
Rail route : Skawina - Oświęcim
Next international airport : Krakow-Balice



Market square with the town hall

Zator [ 'zatɔr ] is a town in the powiat Oświęcimski of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with a little over 9,300 inhabitants.

geography

Zator is located 15 km north of Wadowice on the Skawa . The neighboring towns are: Podolsze in the north, Palczowice in the east, Trzebieńczyce in the southeast, Rudze in the south, Łowiczki in the southwest, and Przeciszów in the west.

Droga krajowa 28 , Droga krajowa 44 and Droga wojewódzka 781 run through the city .

history

In the early period of Polish particularism (1177 or 1179) the area of Oświęcim with Zator was detached from the Krakow senior province (Lesser Poland) and added to the Upper Silesian Duchy of Ratibor . The Polish name Zator literally means traffic jam . The mention of the place supposedly in 1228 in the sentence Contuli etiam prefate comiti Zator villam cum hominibus super Scauam et omni iure eorum comes from a forged document, so it was first mentioned later in 1240 as Zator and in 1241 as Zathor . During the almost ten-year division of the Duchy of Opole - Ratibor , Zator fell to the Duchy of Teschen in 1290 . Duke Mieszko I granted Zator town rights on November 10, 1292. The new town was on the trade route from Wieliczka to Moravia , where the export of salt rose sharply in the second half of the 13th century. After the formation of the Duchy of Auschwitz , Zator came to this in 1315 (from 1327 a fiefdom of the Kingdom of Bohemia ). At that time, Zator even surpassed Auschwitz to some extent. At the turn of the 15th century it became a twin city, because Newenstadt was first mentioned in 1400 , later under the Latin name Nowa Civitate (1428, 1433). The proportion of German residents in "Newenstad andirs called Zathor" (1447/1449) reached its highest level at that time and Beigelsdorf , later Wiglowice , was also built on the opposite side of the Skawa . The new city was incorporated into Zator before 1470 and the German name was no longer used in the course of the Polonization after the Middle Ages, with the exception of the Wilmesaur language ( Naojśtaod ). In 1445 Duke Wenceslaus I received the territory of Zator, which resulted in the independent Duchy of Zator . After the duchy of Auschwitz in the west was sold to the Polish king in 1457, Zator became a Bohemian enclave. Duke Johann V also sold Zator in 1494 to the Polish King John I , reserving a lifelong usufruct . After Johann V's death in 1513, Zator remained in direct possession of the king as a Starostei . The city was destroyed several times by the effects of the war.

In 1564 Zator was incorporated as part of the new district of Silesia of the Krakow Voivodeship to the Kingdom of Poland , from 1569 the Polish-Lithuanian aristocratic republic , fully incorporated.

With the first partition of Poland , Zator fell to the Habsburg Empire . In 1773, the Wieliczka District (Polish : cyrkuł wielicki ) was set up on the site of the dissolved Silesia District , which included the Biala district with Zator. In 1775, Zator, the town on the old salt road from Moravia to Wieliczka, became the seat of a district district of Wieliczka County. In 1780 the construction of an imperial road from Vienna to Lemberg through Wadowice began, which Zator avoided. Two years later, the area of ​​the Zator district became an independent district, but with the seat in Myślenice (from 1819 in Wadowice ). At that time a large fortress in Zator against the Kingdom of Prussia was being considered. In 1865 the city got a fire brigade, in 1884 the city was connected to the railway and in 1892 a telegraph office was set up. In 1900, the judicial districts of Zator and Auschwitz were merged to create the Auschwitz Political District .

During the Second World War, Zator became part of the German Reich ( district of Bielitz ) near the border of the Generalgouvernement . On January 26, 1945, the city was occupied by Soviet troops. A renaming planned by the National Socialists in Neuenstadt an der Schaue was never officially introduced.

From 1975 to 1998 the city was part of the Bielsko-Biała Voivodeship .

Attractions

Church of St. Adalbert ( Wojciech ) and St. George from 1393 in Zator
Castle of the Counts Potocki in 1840
  • Parish Church of St. Adalbert and St. Georg from 1393
  • Zator Castle, seat of the Dukes of Zator
  • Energylandia amusement park

local community

The city-and-country municipality has an area of ​​51.44 km². The city of Zator and nine villages with school offices belong to it.

Web links

Commons : Zator  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Władysław Lubas: nazwy miejscowe Południowej części dawnego województwa Krakowskiego . Polska Akademia Nauk . Instytut Języka Polskiego, Wrocław 1968, p. 176 (Polish, online ).
  2. ↑ Zbigniew Perzanowski, Dawny Zator, [in:] Cracovia, Polonia, Europa, Kraków 1995, pp. 387-400, ISBN 83-86077-67-0 .
  3. ↑ Carte nouvelle de Royaumes of Galizie et avec le Lodomerie District de Bukowine
  4. ↑ Directory of names on www.territorial.de
  5. ↑ Dz.U. 1975 no 17 poz. 92 (Polish) (PDF; 802 kB)