Skawina
| Skawina | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lesser Poland | ||
| Powiat : | Krakowski | ||
| Gmina : | Skawina | ||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 59 ′ N , 19 ° 50 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 24,317 (Dec. 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 32-050 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 12 | ||
| License plate : | KRA | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Next international airport : | John Paul II Airport Krakow-Balice | ||
Skawina is an industrial city in the outskirts of Krakow in Poland with around 24,000 inhabitants and the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with around 43,350 inhabitants.
Geographical location
Skawina is located about 15 km southwest of Kraków, on the other side of the A4 motorway , on the Skawinka river , which rises in the nearby Beskids and flows into the Vistula above the Kraków district of Tyniec, i.e. in front of the Tyniec Abbey . The city is connected to Kraków by road number 44 , which also serves as a feeder to the A4. The city is located at the crossroads of the old trade routes from Oświęcim to the salt town of Wieliczka and from Krakow to Myślenice and on to Bohemia and Hungary .
history
The city was founded by King Casimir the Great , who granted the city Magdeburg city charter in 1364 . The city was founded shortly after the Polish claims to Silesia, whose border ran along the Skawinka River, was renounced. A customs post and inns must have existed at the crossroads beforehand. The large rectangular marketplace, which has been held on Thursdays since then, dates back to the founding time. The city also had a city wall. In 1494 the Duchy of Zator on the left bank of the Skawinka was sold to Poland and the river lost its border status. However, the city thrived through trade and commerce, so that by 1581 the city with 1500 inhabitants was larger than Warsaw. In 1651, the plague killed half of the population. Due to the plague and wars, the number of inhabitants fell to 300. The castle burned down in 1655 during the Russo-Polish War during the siege of Krakow by the Swedes. In 1704 the town and the church burned down. Unfortunately, only a few old buildings have been preserved in the city.
On August 29, 1942, the approximately 500 inhabitants of Jewish faith were rounded up on the market square by German police units, 300 elderly and sick people were shot in the forest of Bagienki, the rest were transported to the Belzec extermination camp . 4,000 Jews from the Krakow ghetto were also murdered here in March 1943 . Another part was taken to the nearby Auschwitz concentration camp in 48 trucks or shot directly in Krakow. The completely destroyed city was liberated on January 23, 1945.
local community
In addition to the town of Skawina, the town-and-country community includes 16 villages with a school district office.
Infrastructure
Skawina is an industrial town, in addition to the main town with a population of 23,660 in the community includes a further 17 with districts then approximately 41,500 inhabitants. The city has seven kindergartens, five elementary schools, two high schools and one special school. There is a cultural center, a cinema, two swimming pools and numerous sports facilities in the community facilities.
The following trades are represented: a replacement coffee factory branch of the Johann Heinrich Franck company , now Nestlé , founded in 1910 , and a factory of the company. Bahlsen as a plant in the food industry with 1,100 employees (takeover of the Lajkonik Snaks plant in 1993 ), a metal works, a coal-fired power plant with an output of 550 MW and several companies in the natural materials industry (glassworks, building blocks) that use the tertiary deposits. The Skawina layers from the geological time of the lower Badenium of the Paratethys are named after the city and contain salt that is mined nearby in one of the oldest salt mines, the Wieliczka Salt Mine . Skawina is located on the medieval salt road between Krakow and Wieliczka .
Skawina received a railway connection in 1884 through the Galician Transversal Railway . The station was completed in 1890.
With the airport John Paul II. Krakow Balice Skawina is connected to a bus line.
Attractions
In the city the churches and the synagogue are under monument protection. The main church of the apostles Simon and Jude Thaddäus was donated when the city was founded. It burned down several times and was last rebuilt in 1728. The tower received its current pyramid helmet through the reconstruction after the Second World War . Some baroque altars have been preserved in the interior . The second church in the Catholic parish is the small church of the Holy Mother of God from 1774, also with baroque altars. Until the end of the 19th century it belonged to a hospital for the poor .
Sport / recreation
In the city and the districts there are six facilities for ball sports and athletics plus tennis courts, a bowling center and a cycling track.
The nature parks of Beskydy and High Tatras are not far away.
Twin cities
Skawina is quite active in the European twin cities movement. It is connected to Hürth (since 1996,) and the English Thetford (2004) (both are also connected to each other), the Czech Roztoky (2005), the Slovak Turčianske Teplice (1999) and the central Italian Civitanova Marche (2005). The most recent cooperation was agreed in 2008 with Peremyschljany , Ukraine. The Ernst-Mach-Gymnasium Hürth and the Albert-Einstein-Gymnasium Sankt Augustin maintain school partnerships with the high schools in Skawina.
Personalities
- Kazimierz Nycz (* 1950), Archbishop of Warsaw, worked for a short time in the parish pastoral care in Skawina.
Web links
- City website (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ History of Skawina (accessed December 2009) (PDF; 2.8 MB)
- ↑ History of Skawina (accessed December 2009) (PDF; 2.8 MB)
- ↑ Online article by the Cologne University Library on the underground movement of farmers in Poland (accessed December 2009) ( Memento of the original from June 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Operating history
- ↑ Chronik Balsen ( Memento of the original from August 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ The essential information comes - if not from Wikipedia - from a brochure of the partnership association, Hürth, from 2006 or online (accessed Dec. 09) ( Memento of the original from February 24, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ Entry on the website of the Hürth Partnership Association.Retrieved on July 18, 2020
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