Expressway (Poland)
The expressway ( pol .: Droga ekspresowa ) is a Polish type of road for national and international traffic . If it is sufficiently expanded, it will take over the function of some state roads (also national roads ; Polish Drogi krajowe , singular Droga krajowa ).
There are currently expressways with a total length of around 1700 kilometers, and around 400 kilometers are under construction. The planned expressway network is approx. 6000 kilometers and consists of 19 planned connections, of which the expressway S7 will be the longest expressway with approx. 710 km.
Since January 1, 2011, the maximum speed on Polish expressways has been 120 km / h.
history
1985-2000
In 1985, plans for an expressway network began. Some sections that were later added to the expressway network were completed before 1985.
1977, a 36.5 km long section which was bypass of Tri-City of Gdynia and Gdansk with first only a road completed. The second lane was opened to traffic in 1984 and the section was designated as S6 .
In 1979 the first carriageway of the 20.8 km long section of the S3 from Rzesnica to Goleniów was opened; In 1982 the second carriageway was completed.
In 1983 the 35.1 km long section from Dąbrowa Górnicza to Tychy was opened, which was later signposted as S1 .
In 1984 the first lane of the 22.7 km long Kielce bypass was opened to traffic. A year later, in 1985, the S86 was completed and opened.
In 1990 the 14.6 km long section of the S7 from Zakroczym -Ostrzykowizna to Czosnów was handed over as a bypass of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki .
On December 15, 1995 the border crossing Cieszyn / Chotěbuz and a 4.7 km long section of the S1 in the city of Cieszyn were opened. In addition, the first carriageway of the 17 km long section from Sulechów to Zielona Góra was completed this year .
In 1996 the first 7.2 km long section of the Świecie bypass was opened as part of the S5 . The second, 5.6 km long section followed in 1998. In 1997 the 2.6 km long bypass of Miłomłyn , which had been under construction since 1995, was cleared.
In 1998, part of the Nowa Sól bypass (12 km) along the S3 and the 9.7 km long section of the S10 (and now also part of the A1 ) from the Toruń -Czerniewice interchange to the Toruń-Lubicz interchange were completed.
A total of 195.3 kilometers of expressway had been completed and opened to traffic in 2000.
2000-2006
In 2002 the 3.4 kilometer long Śmigiel bypass was completed and opened on the S5 . In addition, the 6.8 km long bypass around Ostrów Mazowiecka was opened to traffic.
In 2004 the 4.2 km long bypass of Piaski was completed, which is a section of the expressways S12 and S17 , but is not yet signposted as an expressway.
In 2005, the two-kilometer bypass from Skarżysko-Kamienna and eight-kilometer bypass from Jędrzejow were opened as part of the S7 expressway . In addition, the 12 km south bypass from Toruń was completed on the S10 .
In 2006, the section of the S1 from the airport near Pyrzowice to Podwarpie (9.6 km), the Międzyrzecz bypasses in the course of the S3 (6.4 km) and Szubin in the course of the S5 (5.7 km) each with only one Roadway. The second carriageway is being planned for all three routes. The Oleśnica bypass (12.8 km) was opened to traffic as part of the S8 with two lanes .
In the years 2000 to 2006, 70.9 kilometers of expressways were completed and opened to traffic.
2007-2009
Due to the European Football Championship in 2012 , it was announced in 2007 that the expressway network would be expanded to 2,418 km. In addition, the following sections with a total length of 69.3 kilometers were completed this year:
- Sections of the S69 : Żywiec junction - Przybędza junction (7.7 km) and Milówka - Szare junction (2.8 km) (opened on January 8)
- Section of the S7 : Elbląg bypass (3.8 km; opened on September 14)
- Section of the S17 : Garwolin bypass (12.8 km; opened on September 26)
- Section of the S1 : Bielsko-Biała -Komorowice junction - Cieszyn -Krasna junction (28 km; opened on November 23)
- Section of the S3 : Gorzów Wielkopolski bypass (11.7 km; opened on November 27th)
- Section of the S7: Nowy Dwór Gdański bypass (2.5 km; opened on November 28)
In 2008 the following expressway sections with a total length of 140.7 kilometers were completed and opened to traffic:
- Section of the S7 : Myślenice junction - Lubień junction (12.2 km; opened on March 20)
- Section of the S19 : Międzyrzec Podlaski bypass (6.6 km; opened on April 18)
- Section of the S17 : Hrebenne bypass (2 km; opened on May 1st)
- Section of the S3 : Międzyzdroje bypass (2.9 km; opened on June 20)
- Section of the S12 : Puławy bypass (12.7 km; opened on July 11th)
- Section of the S7: Białobrzegi junction - Gózd junction (15.7 km; opened on July 16)
- Section of the S3: Northern part of the Nowa Sól bypass (15 km; opened on September 5)
- Section of the S7: Grójec bypass (8.3 km; opened on September 19)
- Section of the S22 : Elbląg- Wschód - Grzechotki junction ( PL / RU border ) (50.2 km; 24 September)
- S8 section : Mostówka junction - Wyszków -Turzyn junction (11.3 km; opened on November 14th)
- Section of the S69 : Szare - Laliki junction (2 km; opened on December 5th)
- S69 section: Laliki II junction - Zwardoń junction (1.8 km; opened on December 11th)
In 2009 the following sections with a total length of 107.1 kilometers were completed:
- Section of the S7 : Płońsk bypass (4.7 km; opened on June 3)
- Section of the S11 : Posen- Krzesiny junction - Kórnik -Południe junction (14.1 km; opened on June 8th)
- S8 section : Radzymin- Wołomińska junction - Mostówka junction (19.2 km; opened on July 31)
- Section of the S7: Występa - Kielce (7.3 km; opened on October 16)
- Section of the S7: Lubień bypass (4 km; opened on October 22nd)
- Section of the S11: Ostrów Wielkopolski bypass (phase 1; 6.1 km; opened on November 26th)
- Section of the S10 : Wyrzysk bypass (7.8 km; opened on December 16)
- S5 section : Bydgoszcz -Białe Błota - Lipniki junction (2.2 km; opened on December 18)
- S10 section: Bydgoszcz-Białe Błota - Bydgoszcz-Stryszek junction (10.4 km; opened on December 18)
- Section of the S10: Stargard bypass (13.5 km; opened on December 21)
- Section of the S7 : Grójec -Mogielnicka junction - Białobrzegi junction (17.8 km; opened on December 26th)
2010-2011
In 2010 it was admitted that the planned increase of almost 2000 km for the EM 2012 is not possible because the necessary funds are lacking and the work is to be invested in the completion of the motorways. The expressway network should therefore be expanded by 1000 km for the European Championship. In addition, the following sections with a total length of 107.8 kilometers were completed this year:
- Section of the S69 : Laliki junction - Laliki II junction (2.7 km; opened on March 5th)
- Section of the S3 : Stettin-Klucz junction - Pyrzyce junction (28.2 km; opened on May 26)
- Section of the S3: Pyrzyce junction - Myślibórz junction (26.7 km; opened on October 22nd)
- Section of the S6 : Słupsk bypass (16.3 km; opened on October 26)
- Section of the S7 : Cracow- Christo Botewa junction - Cracow-Bieżanów junction (2.7 km; opened on November 16)
- Section of the S3: Junction Myślibórz - Gorzów Wielkopolski (26.7 km; opened December 30th)
- S8 section : Magnice junction - Wrocław-Południe junction (4.5 km; opened on December 30th)
At the beginning of 2011, however, the GDDKiA announced that the Polish government's new construction program stipulates that the construction of further sections for the EM 2012 will no longer begin. In addition, many tenders for further sections with a total investment cost of 9.4 billion zlotys were canceled. The GDDKiA blamed the lack of funding in the state treasury as the cause. In 2011 the following sections with a total length of 89.6 kilometers were completed:
- Section of the S8 : Warsaw- Konotopa junction - Warsaw-Powązkowska junction (10.4 km; opened on January 19)
- Section of the S7 : Skarżysko-Kamienna - Występa (16.7 km; opened on April 28)
- Section of the S7: Elbląg- Wschód junction - Pasłęk- Północ junction (13.7 km; opened on July 29)
- Section of the S1 : Bielsko-Biała-Rosta junction - Bielsko-Biała-Komorowice junction (2.8 km; opened on August 19)
- Section of the S1: Bielsko-Biała -Krzemionki junction - Bielsko-Biała-Rosta junction (1.7 km; opened on October 28)
- Section of the S69 : Bielsko-Biała -Krzemionki junction - Bielsko-Biała -Mikuszowice junction (7.3 km; opened on October 28)
- S11 section : Poznan- Tarnowo Podgórne junction - Poznan-Dąbrówka junction (8.1 km; opened on November 28)
- Section of the S3 : Miękowo bypass (4.8 km; opened on December 16)
- Section of the S74 : Kielce- Warszawska junction - Cedzyna junction (6.8 km; opened on December 17)
- Section of the S19 : Kock bypass (7.9 km; opened on December 21)
- Section of the S6 : Nowogard bypass (9.4 km; opened on December 22nd)
2012
In 2012, the following expressway sections with a total length of 339.5 kilometers were completed and opened to traffic:
- Section of the S3 : bypass of Troszyn , Parłówko and Ostromice (6.1 km; opened on January 9th)
- Section of the S1 : Pyrzowice junction - Pyrzowice- Lotnisko junction (1.9 km; opened on June 1st)
- S11 section : Poznań- Dąbrówka junction - Poznań-Zachód junction (6.3 km; opened on June 3)
- Section of the S5 : Gniezno -Południe junction - Poznań-Wschód junction (35.0 km; opened on June 4th)
- Section of the S8 : Warsaw- Modlińska junction - Marki-Piłsudskiego junction (7.0 km; opened on June 6th)
- Section of the S7 : Gdansk- Poludnie junction - Żuławy -Zachód junction (17.9 km; opened on June 9th)
- Section of the S14 : Dobroń junction - Łódź- Lublinek junction (9.6 km; opened on July 13)
- Section of the S7: Pasłęk- Północ junction - Miłomłyn -Winiec junction (36.5 km; opened on August 1)
- Section of the S19 : Rzeszów- Jasionka junction - Rzeszów-Wschód junction (6.9 km; opened on September 10th)
- S8 section : Jeżewo junction - Choroszcz junction (24.5 km; opened on September 12)
- S51 section : Olsztynek- Wschód junction - Olsztynek-Zachód junction (6 km; opened on September 29)
- Section of the S8 : Zambrów- Zachód junction - Zambrów-Wschód junction (11.1 km; opened on October 2nd)
- S8 section: Wroclaw- Pawłowice junction - Oleśnica- Zachód junction (22.6 km; opened on October 8)
- Section of the S8: Rawa Mazowiecka-Północ junction - W. Łódź / W. Masowien border (22.8 km; opened on October 17)
- Section of the S8: Piotrków Trybunalski -Zachód junction - Rawa Mazowiecka- Północ junction (61.2 km; opened on October 26th)
- S11 section : Poznań- Północ junction - Poznań-Rokietnica junction (7.7 km; opened on October 30)
- Section of the S7 : Olsztynek- Zachód junction - Nidzica- Północ junction (31.3 km; opened on November 7th)
- S8 section: Cieśle junction - Syców- Wschód junction (25.1 km; opened on November 30th)
2013
The following sections with a total length of 172.2 km were opened in 2013:
- Section of the S3 : Jordanowo junction - Świebodzin- Północ junction (5.5 km; opened on May 27)
- Section of the S12 / S17 : Kurów- Wschód junction - Jastków junction (24.9 km; opened on May 28)
- Section of the S3: Świebodzin-Południe junction - Sulechów junction (18.4 km; opened on June 18)
- Section of the S7 : Kielce- Północ junction - Kielce-Południe junction (22.7 km; opened on July 10th)
- Section of the S3: Świebodzin-Północ junction - Świebodzin-Południe junction (7.4 km; opened on July 11th)
- Section of the S2 : Konotopa node - Warszawa node - Aleja Krakowska (6.1 km; opened on July 31)
- Section of the S3: Międzyrzecz- Południe junction - Jordanowo junction (11.7 km; opened on August 21)
- Section of the S8 : border W. Łódź / W. Masowien - Radziejowice junction (11.3 km; opened on August 24)
- Section of the S2: Warszawa-Aleja Krakowska junction - Warszawa-Południe junction (4.3 km; opened on September 5)
- S79 section : Warszawa-Marynarska junction - Warszawa-Południe junction (4.3 km; opened on September 5)
- Section of the S2 : Warszawa-Południe junction - Warszawa-Puławska junction (4.2 km; opened on September 18)
- Section of the S8 : Rzeszów- Zachód junction - Rzeszów-Świlcza junction (4.4 km; opened on December 13)
- S8 section: Syców- Wschód junction - Kępno junction (15.3 km; opened on December 21)
- Section of the S8: Kępno junction - Wieruszów junction (16.6 km; opened on December 21)
- S8 section: Wieruszów junction - Wieluń junction (13.1 km; opened on December 21)
- Section of the S8: Wieluń junction (2.0 km; opened on December 21)
features
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A Polish expressway consists of one or two directional lanes with at least two lanes and a hard shoulder. The lane width is usually 3.5 or 3.75 meters. The width of the hard shoulder is usually 2.5 meters.
Marking and signage
An expressway is marked with red signs with the capital letter S and the corresponding number. The letter S is derived from the Polish name drogi S zybkiego ruchu ( German : roads of fast traffic ). The signs for the expressway have a green background with white letters.
regulate
The maximum speed on four-lane Polish expressways is 120 km / h, on two-lane 100 km / h.
| Vehicle type | Expressway with two lanes |
Expressway with one lane |
|---|---|---|
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It is generally prohibited on Polish expressways:
- Change of direction of travel (with the exception of intersections or the designated spaces),
- Stopping or parking a vehicle (with the exception of the designated spaces),
- Turning back
Technical parameters
The technical parameters of the expressway were set by the Polish Ministry of Transport on March 2, 1999.
The main difference between the expressway and the motorway is that the expressway can also have a single lane, a larger number of junctions , sometimes intersections , narrower lanes and hard shoulder, and can be built at a lower design speed. In addition, the minimum road cross-section on an expressway may be smaller (40 m) than that of the motorway (60 m).
In addition, the expressway may have crossings with local roads , but should have junctions or junctions with main roads or junctions with roads of higher road types (e.g. motorway).
The distances between connection points should not be less than 5 km outside built-up areas, and not less than 3 km within built-up areas, large cities and in metropolitan areas. In exceptional situations, if this is justified by traffic-related requirements, individual distances between junction points are not less than 3 km outside and 1.5 km within a built-up area. Roundabouts are only allowed at the ends of the expressway.
The design speed of the expressway should be 120 (only road with two lanes), 100 or 80 km / h outside built-up areas and 80, 70 or 60 (only highly urbanized area) km / h inside built-up areas. The width of the shoulder should always be 2.5 m.
Other parameters depend on the design speed:
| outside built-up area | within a built-up area 1 | ||||||
| Design speed (km / h) | 120 1 | 100 | 80 | 80 | 70 | 60 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Width of the lane (m) | 3.5 | 3.5
3.75 2 |
3.5 | 3.5 | |||
| Maximum length of a flat section (m) of convex changes in the gradient of the road without restricting the view |
2000 | 1500 | 1500 | 1200 | 1000 | ||
| Minimum length of a flat section between the arches in the same direction (m) |
500 | 400 | 350 | 350 | 300 | 250 | |
| Minimum length of the arch (m) | 300 | 200 | 150 | 150 | 100 | ||
| Maximum slope (%) | 4th | 5 | 6th | 6th | 7th | 8th | |
Footnotes:
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Current expressways
| No. | European roads |
From (north or west) |
Via | To (south or east) |
Total length |
In operation | Under construction | In the tender |
In concrete planning a |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
 
|
Pyrzowice | Dąbrowa Górnicza - Sosnowiec - Mysłowice - Oświęcim - Bielsko-Biała - Żywiec |
  SK / Zwardoń
|
133.0 km | 73.15 km | 55.0% | 0 km | 4.85 km | 55.0 km |
|
|
 Konotopa
|
Warsaw |
Warsz. -Lubelska
|
35.0 km | 14.6 km | 41.7% | 20.2 km | ||
|
|
Świnoujście | Goleniów - Szczecin - Gorzów Wielkopolski - Zielona Góra - Nowa Sól - Głogów - Lubin - Legnica |
 CZ / Lubawka
|
476.8 km 458.5 km * |
255.8 km 237.5 km * |
53.7% 51.8% * |
132.7 km | 53.8 km | 0 km |
|
|
Ostróda | Iława - Grudziądz - Bydgoszcz - Gniezno - Poznan - Leszno | Wroclaw |
470.6 km 442.6 km * |
117.0 km 89.0 km * |
24.9% 20.1% * |
258.0 km | 0 km | 5.6 km |
|
|
Kołbaskowo | Szczecin - Police - Goleniów - Kołobrzeg - Koszalin - Słupsk - Lębork - Gdynia | Danzig | 423.8 km | 46.75 km | 11.0% | 135.5 km | 167.95 km | 73.6 km |
|
|
Danzig | Elbląg - Ostróda - Mława - Warsaw - Radom - Skarżysko-Kamienna - Kielce - Krakow | Rabka-Zdrój |
704.8 km 674.0 km * |
349.4 km 318.6 km * |
49.6% 47.3% * |
159.6 km | 126.8 km | 21.5 km |
|
|
Kobierzyce | Wroclaw - Oleśnica - Sieradz - Zduńska Wola - Pabianice - Łódź - Piotrków Tryb. - Tomaszów Maz. - Warsaw | Białystok |
563.0 km 538.7 km * |
458.4 km 434.1 km * |
81.4% 80.6% * |
104.6 km | ||
|
Szczecin | Stargard - Wałcz - Piła - Bydgoszcz - Toruń - Płock - Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki | Wołomin |
494.7 km 473.7 km * |
52.85 km 43.15 km * |
10.7% 9.1% * |
28.0 km 21.0 km * |
0 km | 0 km | |
|
Koszalin | Szczecinek - Piła - Poznan - Jarocin - Ostrów Wielkopolski - Tarnowskie Góry | Pyrzowice |
596.8 km 580.3 km * |
84.05 km 67.55 km * |
14.1% 11.7% * |
26.0 km | 0 km | 69.5 km | |
|
|
Piotrków Trybunalski | Radom - Puławy - Lublin - Chełm |
 WP / Dorohusk
|
343.9 km | 84.6 km | 24.6% | 11.8 km | 0 km | 79.4 km |
|
Emilia
|
Zgierz - Łódź - Pabianice |
Róża
|
41.4 km | 12.9 km | 31.2% | 0 km | 28.5 km | ||
|
Olsztyn | Mrągowo - Ełk | Knyszyn | 207.8 km | 22.05 km | 10.6% | 0 km | 3.5 km | 37.85 km | |
|
|
Warsaw | Otwock - Lublin - Zamość |
UA / Hrebenne
|
325.2 km 252.7 km * |
86.7 km 13.8 km * |
26.7% 10.6% * |
97.5 km | 12.1 km | 113.7 km |
|
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 BY / Kuźnica
|
Białystok - Bielsk Podlaski - Lublin - Kraśnik - Rzeszów |
SK / Barwinek
|
602.8 km 581.1 km * |
64.25 km 43.15 km * |
10.7% 7.4% * |
38.9 km | 96.2 km | 212.0 km |
|
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Elbląg |
 RU / Grzechotki
|
48.6 km | 48.6 km | 100% | ||||
|
Olsztynek | Olsztyn | 35.1 km | 5.2 km | 14.8% | 29.9 km | ||||
|
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CZ / Cieszyn
|
Bielsko-Biała - Kęty - Andrychów - Wadowice | Krakow | 114.8 km | 42.8 km | 37.3% | 0 km | 0 km | 72.0 km |
|
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Ostrów Mazowiecka | Ostrołęka - Łomża - Ełk - Suwałki |
 LT / Budzisko
|
214.2 km | 20.05 km | 9.4% | 74.6 km | 119.6 km | |
|
Sulejów | Kielce - Tarnobrzeg - Stalowa Wola | Nisko | 210.6 km | 6.8 km | 3.2% | 0 km | 0 km | 75.3 km | |
|
Warsz. -Południe
|
 Warsaw Chopin Airport
|
Warsz. -Marynarska
|
8.5 km | 8.5 km | 100% | ||||
|
Sosnowiec | Katowice | 6.8 km | 6.8 km | 100% | |||||
| total | 6058.4 km 5821.3 km * |
1861.25 km 1635.45 km * |
30.8% 28.1% * |
1117.25 km 1110.25 km * |
613.3 km | 815.45 km | ||||
As of November 1, 2017
Former expressways
| number | course | status |
|---|---|---|
|
Bielsko-Biała - Żywiec - Zwardoń (Slovak border) | Part of the S1 rededicated in 2016 |
Planned expressways
| number | From | Via | To | status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Warsaw Central Airport ( A2 ) | Sochaczew - Wyszogród - Naruszewo - Serock - Radzymin | Mińsk Mazowiecki ( A2 ) | Planned, unknown realization date |
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Speed limit in Poland will be increased
- ↑ Co z autostradami na EURO 2012? ( Memento of the original from March 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Polish)
- ↑ Plan budowy dróg ekspresowych do Euro 2012 nierealny ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Polish)
- ↑ Sypie się plan budowy dróg ekspresowych (Polish)
- ↑ GDDKiA unieważniła kilkadziesiąt przetargów (Polish)
- ↑ Network plans from 1939 to 2004
- ↑ Dz.U.1999.43.430
- ↑ Overview of the motorways and expressways
- ^ Ordinance of the Council of Ministers of September 24, 2019 amending the ordinance on the motorway and expressway network (Polish)
