Zgierz

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Zgierz
Zgierz coat of arms
Zgierz (Poland)
Zgierz
Zgierz
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Łódź
Powiat : Zgierz
Area : 42.33  km²
Geographic location : 51 ° 52 ′  N , 19 ° 25 ′  E Coordinates: 51 ° 52 ′ 0 ″  N , 19 ° 25 ′ 0 ″  E
Residents : 56,365
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 95-100 to 95-110
Telephone code : (+48) 42
License plate : EZG
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 1 : Łódź - Gdańsk
Next international airport : Łódź
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Surface: 42.33 km²
Residents: 56,365
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 1332 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 1020031
Administration (as of 2016)
Mayor : Przemysław Staniszewski
Address: Plac Jana Pawła II
95-100 Zgierz
Website : www.zgierz.pl



Zgierz ['zgʲεʃ] ? / i (German 1943–45 Görnau ) is a medium-sized district town and urban district with around 58,000 inhabitants. It is located in central Poland , in the Łódź Voivodeship and lies in the valley of the Bzura River . Audio file / audio sample

Timeline for the history of the city

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From Roman times to 1793

  • 200–300 AD: There is a settlement on a hill near the present-day city, which is flourishing thanks to its proximity to the Amber Road. During excavations, many coins of the Roman Empire, "Terra sigillata" type vessels (see: Striegau ), Roman swords and luxury items imported from the Rhineland have been found.
  • 1231 , March 23rd : First mention of the city on the occasion of a meeting of the Piasts , a. a. the dukes Conrad I of Mazovia and Wladyslaw of Greater Poland .
  • Around 1250: The parish church of St. Nicholas is built.
  • 1288 : Zgierz is mentioned for the first time in a document "city" and is therefore the oldest city in the Łódź region.
  • 1420 , April 23rd : King Wladyslaw II Jagiello confirms the town charter .
  • 1473, January 2nd: King Casimir IV of the Jagiellonian leases the city and the surrounding villages to the aristocrat Peter Dunin.
  • 1564: Zgierz has 129 houses and 774 inhabitants, including 13 brewers, 7 innkeepers and 33 craftsmen.
  • 1643: The small wooden church dedicated to Saints Laurentius and Joseph is built.
  • 1661: After the Swedish War, the city has only 10 houses and 70 inhabitants.
  • 1765: Zgierz has 56 houses and 392 inhabitants, including 40 craftsmen.

Prussian, Napoleonic and Russian periods (1793–1914)

  • 1793: as a result of the second partition of Poland, Zgierz becomes part of Prussia (newly formed province of South Prussia ). At that time the city had 315 inhabitants and 64 houses. The population lives mainly from agriculture, there are only 15 craftsmen. The Prussian authorities make Zgierz the district capital (the district comprises 1326.2 km² and 5 cities). Among other things, the now huge city of Łódź belongs to the district of Zgierz. Prussian rule lasted until 1807.
  • 1817: The government of Congress Poland wants to create an industrial center in Zgierz and the surrounding area. German master weavers, mainly from Silesia : Johann Friedrich Zachert, Karl August Meisner, Friedrich Karl Moes , Karl Gottlieb Saegner, Johann Heinrich Teske and Johann Georg Vierte settled in the city and founded textile factories, some of which survived until the 20th century should.
  • 1823: In Zgierz work a. a. 193 master weavers and 202 weaving workshops (in Łódź at that time: 9 masters and 9 workshops).
  • 1826: The Protestant church is built (the first pastor was Ernst Bando) and the city park is laid out. Revolt of journeymen against the masters . The city then had 4527 inhabitants.
  • 1831: After the suppressed November uprising in Poland, the Russian authorities impose a ban on the import of Polish goods into Russia proper . Many inhabitants of the city emigrate to Russia, the city loses a third of its inhabitants, 75% of the workshops are closed. Łódź becomes the center of cloth production in Congress Poland .
  • 1838: The Moes brothers from Aachen found a new wool weaving mill, soon one of the largest factories in Zgierz.
  • 1845: Zgierz has two primary schools, one Catholic and one Protestant, and a three-class secondary school with 82 students.
  • 1860: The city has 12,016 inhabitants, including 5242 Poles, 4170 Germans, 2601 Jews; 456 houses, 5 steam-powered factories, 3 hotels, 24 pubs, a pharmacy and a city library.
  • 1857: The Protestant rectory is built (destroyed in 1939).
  • 1866: The new synagogue is built.
  • 1887: The town's textile factories employ 1,278 workers, 49.1% of whom are children aged 6 to 15.
  • 1889: The Protestant congregation founds a hospital for the homeless, the elderly and the sick.
  • 1893: The first kindergarten for working class children is opened.
  • 1895: Zgierz has 48 larger and 48 smaller factories employing 9,000 workers. Its annual turnover reaches 12 million rubles , the main buyer is the Russian market.
  • 1897: The first census takes place. Zgierz has 19,108 inhabitants, of whom the following are native languages : 11,724 Polish, 3,794 German, 3,492 Yiddish , 95 Russian, 3 other languages. Denominations: 11,417 people are Catholic, 4030 Protestant, 3548 Jewish, 85 Russian Orthodox and 28 are Baptists.
  • 1901, January 19th: A tram line to Łódź goes into operation. Two municipal savings banks are donated.
  • 1903: Zgierz gets a railway connection with Łódź and Łowicz.
  • 1905–1906: Great strikes in the Zgierz factories, general strike on May 1, 1906 .
  • 1909: The city has 18,483 inhabitants, of which 4885 are Catholic, 5336 Protestant, 4430 Jewish, 3802 people profess other denominations.
  • 1911: The first scout organization is established.
  • 1913: Zgierz has 21,723 inhabitants (10,389 men and 11,334 women). Of these: 11,197 Poles, 5651 Germans, 4711 Jews, 72 Russians, 77 Lithuanians , 9 French and 6 English. This year the new city library will open.
  • 1914, November 14th: The city is occupied by German troops. End of Russian rule.

From 1914 to 1939

  • 1915, April: The first NCO school of the Polish fighting organization POW, loyal to Piłsudski, in the district of Łódź is built near Zgierz.
  • 1916, May 20th: Gazeta Zgierska opens its first newspaper . The construction of the sewer system begins.
  • 1917: Two grammar schools are established, a Polish one with an upper grammar school ( Lyzeum ) and a 7-class humanistic German one.
  • 1918, November: The German garrison in the city is disarmed.
  • 1919: A teachers' school for women and a business school are founded.
  • 1921: The city has 21,129 inhabitants. Denominations: 13,362 Catholics, 2323 Evangelicals, 3929 Jews, 1489 Old Catholics, 82 Baptists, 42 Greek and Russian Orthodox .
  • 1925: The railway line from Łódź to Kutno is put into operation. Zgierz becomes a railway junction.
  • 1928: The city has 128 factories employing 4,893 workers. In this year the Jewish Music Society and the Jewish sports club “Makabi” were founded.
  • 1931: The German sports and shooting club is founded. This year Zgierz has 26,618 inhabitants, including 8.9% Germans and 16.6% Jews. 72.2% of the working population are employed in industry.
  • 1933, May 1st: Zgierz is raised to a district .
  • 1937: The new sports stadium is built.
  • 1938: The city has 27,853 inhabitants, including 2,385 ethnic Germans and 4,532 Jews. Over 70% of the working population work in industry, 10,000 people are unemployed and their families. There are 17 larger factories in the city with over 50 employees.
  • 1939: On September 4th and 5th, the city is bombed by the German Air Force . a. the town hall and the Protestant church are destroyed. On September 6th, Zgierz occupied German troops of the 13th Infantry Corps under General Maximilian von Weichs .

In World War II

  • 1940: The city is annexed by the Greater German Reich and incorporated into the so-called Wartheland . By 1944, 7,628 people lost their lives, 8,032 people were deported as forced laborers to the interior of Germany. In the forests around Zgierz, 35,000 people from the city and the district were shot dead during the Second World War . All Jews are brought to Litzmannstädter ( Łódź ), then to the Warsaw Ghetto .
  • 1941: A division of the Polish underground resistance movement AK ( Polish Home Army ) is founded in Zgierz. It has about 3000 members, is u. a. publishes an underground newspaper and deals with the observation of the movements of the German army and gendarmerie on the railway lines around Zgierz and the escape aid for Allied prisoners of war. Secret school lessons for about 1000 Polish children in the city are organized. The AK is also subordinate to a scout underground organization.
  • 1942, March 20: In retaliation for the murder of two German police officers who were known to be particularly brutal, 100 residents of Zgierz are shot, 161 are locked as hostages in prisons. Zgierz Alexander Falzmann's evangelical pastor dies on May 4th of this year in the Dachau concentration camp .
  • 1943: All towns and larger villages in the Litzmannstadt district of the Wartheland receive new German names. Zgierz is now called Görnau .
  • 1945, January 17th: Zgierz is captured by the 1st Armored Guard Army and the 8th Guard Army of the 2nd Belarusian Front under Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky . The communist dictatorship replaces the National Socialist one.

post war period

  • 1946: Zgierz has 21,662 inhabitants, including 12,426 women.
  • 1948: Zgierz loses its rank as a district town and urban district and becomes part of the Łódź district. The town hall will be rebuilt this year.
  • 1951: Re-establishment of the city district.
  • 1954: Incorporation of five villages enlarges the urban area. The city now has 32,500 inhabitants.
  • 1960: 36,666 inhabitants, including 19,971 women. Around 19,000 people are employed in industry.
  • 1965: A new hospital is built.
  • 1970: 43,025 inhabitants. City buses start to run.
  • 1972: The new Evangelical Church is inaugurated.
  • 1978: 50,818 inhabitants. The mayor is now the mayor .
  • 1979: The city museum is founded.
  • 1988: incorporation of seven other villages.
  • 1990–1998: The city is governed by a coalition led by Solidarność .
  • 1999, January 1st: Zgierz becomes the capital of a district again.

City arms

The city coat of arms of Zgierz shows a white city wall with a gate and three towers with golden helmets in the red field, in the gate of the wall the crowned white Polish state eagle.

Economy and Infrastructure

Zgierz has an important machine and textile industry, as well as the chemical, building materials and electrical industries. 57% of the employable population work in the service sector. 5000 companies are registered in the city, of which 2000 are one-man companies. The city has an industrial area with an area of ​​22.4 hectares which is part of the Łódź Special Economic Zone .

traffic

The traffic is served by eight bus routes. There are also two tram lines to Łódź and one to Ozorków .

education

Zgierz has:

  • 14 municipal and 1 private kindergarten ;
  • 8 municipal and 1 private primary school ;
  • 1 municipal and 1 private primary music school;
  • 3 municipal and 1 private grammar school (Polish grammar school: 7th-9th grade);
  • 3 municipal and 1 private high school (in Poland: “ Lyzeum ”, 10th-12th grade) for young people;
  • 3 upper secondary schools for adults and working people;
  • 3 technical high schools;
  • 4 vocational schools for high school graduates (including computer science, commercial studies, dental technology );
  • 1 teaching college for high school graduates

Religions

It can be assumed that around 90% of the population are Roman Catholic . There are the following religious communities in Zgierz, all of which have their own churches / chapels or meeting houses:

Smaller groups of the inhabitants profess the Greek Orthodox or the Reformed faith; but these belong to the corresponding communities in Łódź .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Other personalities associated with the city

Attractions

Church of Saint Catherine of Alexandria

The city has no significant architectural monuments; most of the buildings date from the 19th and 20th centuries. The so-called Neustadt with its symmetrical city map is interesting. It was built around 1821 by the government of Congress Poland for the immigrant Silesian weavers and consists of one-storey wooden houses, built in the classicism style, with habitable attic roofs .

Also of interest are the cemeteries that bear witness to the city's past: there are eight of them, including:

  • Evangelical cemetery, with some graves of the Silesian weaver families
  • Old Catholic cemetery
  • Baptist Cemetery
  • Military cemetery from the First World War
  • Jewish Cemetery
  • Soviet military cemetery

Twin cities

literature

  • Leokadia Więckowska (Ed.): Z dziejów Zgierza . Zgierz 2002

Web links

Commons : Zgierz  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Grażyna Kobojek: Lodz - Calendar XX wieku , Łódź 2002, p 5
  3. ^ Website of the city
  4. ↑ schule-museum.de