Sulechów

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Sulechów
Sulechów coat of arms
Sulechów (Poland)
Sulechów
Sulechów
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lebus
Powiat : Zielonagórski
Gmina : Sulechów
Area : 6.88  km²
Geographic location : 52 ° 5 '  N , 15 ° 37'  E Coordinates: 52 ° 5 '0 "  N , 15 ° 37' 0"  E
Residents : 17,069 (Dec. 31, 2016)
Postal code : 66-100
Telephone code : (+48) 68
License plate : FZI
Economy and Transport
Street : Świnoujście – Lubawka
Rail route : Zbąszynek – Gubin
Next international airport : Poznań-Ławica



Sulechów [ su'lɛxuf ] ( German Züllichau ) is a small town in the Polish Lebus Voivodeship . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with around 26,400 inhabitants.

Geographical location

The city is located in the southeast of the Lubusz Voivodeship, six kilometers north of the Oder knee , where the river turns west. This is where the two national roads 3 and 32 cross , and the voivodeship capital Zielona Góra (Grünberg) is 15 kilometers to the south.

history

Züllichau southwest of the city of Poznan on a map of the province of Poznan from 1905 (areas marked in yellow indicate areas with a predominantly Polish- speaking population at the time )
Züllichau in the 18th century

middle Ages

The area around the later Züllichau had been settled since the fourth century AD. In the 10th century it was conquered by the Wielkopolska Empire under Mieszko I , after its disintegration from 1138 to the then Polish Duchy of Silesia . The city was founded in the course of the settlement efforts of the Silesian dukes around 1250. The city of Züllichau was first mentioned in documents in 1319. Since important trade routes crossed in the city, it quickly developed into an important trading center. From 1482 to 1945 Züllichau belonged to Brandenburg and thus to the German Reich territory.

Early modern age

In 1537, the Züllichow district was acquired by the margrave Hans von Küstrin , who incorporated it into Neumark , which he ruled at the time , and had the Reformation carried out in its towns in the same year. With the arrival of immigrants from Franconia and Flanders , a new and profitable branch of the economy emerged with the weaving trade. By the end of the 16th century the population doubled to 4,000. During the Thirty Years' War , Züllichau was captured first by Swedish and then by imperial troops in 1631, and in 1632 it was again attacked by soldiers passing through. Züllichau had to cope with further setbacks due to two large city fires in 1557 and 1687.

At the beginning of the 18th century, when Züllichau was now part of the Prussian kingdom, the city was developed into a garrison town in view of the upcoming wars in Silesia .

19th and 20th centuries

The 19th century was characterized by further positive urban development. As a result of the Prussian administrative reform, Züllichau became the district town of the extensive Züllichau-Schwiebus district . The traditional textile industry had developed into a powerful textile industry. The expansion of the country roads, the connection to the Guben – Posen railway line in 1870 and the opening of the Odereck ( Cigacice ) port in 1898 encouraged the establishment of new industrial companies such as metal processing. The population rose to over 8,000.

The beginning of the 20th century was characterized by brisk construction activity, in which a new district administration building, the rifle house and numerous villas were built. The loss of most of the province of Poznan after World War I had a very negative effect on Züllichau's economy, as it was now on the border with Poland. Due to the influx of many Germans from parts of the eastern provinces, who had to be ceded to the Second Polish Republic after the First World War due to the Treaty of Versailles , the population increased again.

In the 1930s, Züllichau was a large garrison location for the German Wehrmacht .

Towards the end of World War II , when the city was conquered by Soviet troops in early 1945, it was severely damaged . After the war ended, Züllichau was placed under Polish administration. The German population was evicted by the local Polish administrative authority and replaced by Poles. The German city of Züllichau was given the Polish name Sulechów .

Population numbers

  • 1719: 4094
  • 1801: 5386
  • 1858: 5580
  • 1875: 7378
  • 1880: 7535
  • 1890: 7000, including 696 Catholics and 96 Jews
  • 1933: 9601
  • 1939: 9844

Attractions

The former Protestant cruciform church
today: Kościół pw.Podwyższenia Krzyża Świętego
  • In the Aleja Wielkopolska is the Züllichau Palace , a late classicist building. Inside there is a chapel built in 1701 for King Friedrich I.
  • In the center of the city is the cruciform church with building elements of different styles and a winged altar from 1767.
  • Also in the center is the old town hall , the oldest parts of which date from the 16th century.
  • Parts of the city wall and the baroque Crossen Gate have been preserved from the medieval city ​​fortifications .

local community

For the urban and rural community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Sulechów, in addition to the city itself, 25 other localities.

Partner communities

Personalities

Born in Züllichau / Sulechów

Other personalities associated with the city

On September 28, 1828, Frédéric Chopin gave a spontaneous concert while passing through. The pedagogue and author Georg Stoeckert (1843–1894) was a teacher at the Züllichau pedagogy and probably also chairman of the city council. He died in Züllichau in 1894.

literature

  • W. Riehl and J. Scheu (eds.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence . Berlin 1861, pp. 513-516.
  • Karl August Müller: Patriotic images, or history and description of all castles and knight palaces in Silesia and the county of Glatz. Second edition, Glogau 1844, pp. 218–210.
  • Eduard Ludwig Wedekind : New chronicle of the city of Züllichau from the first times of its creation to the present time . G. Sporleder, Züllichau 1846 ( Google Books ).

Web links

Commons : Sulechów  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Zülch in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Eduard Ludwig Wedekind: New Chronicle of the City of Züllichau from the first times of its creation to the present day . Züllichau 1846, p. 30.
  2. ^ Eduard Ludwig Wedekind: New Chronicle of the City of Züllichau from the first times of its creation to the present day . Züllichau 1846, p. 138.
  3. ^ Eduard Ludwig Wedekind: New Chronicle of the City of Züllichau from the first times of its creation to the present day . Züllichau 1846, pp. 201–203.
  4. ↑ a b c W. Riehl and J. Scheu (eds.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their current existence . Berlin 1861, pp. 513-516.
  5. ^ A b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. zuellichau.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).