Züllichau-Schwiebus district
The district of Züllichau-Schwiebus , from 1939 perhaps also the district of Züllichau-Schwiebus , was a Prussian district that existed in the province of Brandenburg from 1816 to 1945 . The former district area is now essentially in the Powiat Świebodziński ( Schwiebuser District ) of the Polish Lubusz Voivodeship . The district last comprised the five cities of Bomst , Liebenau b. Schwiebus , Schwiebus , Unruhstadt and Züllichau and 89 other communities.
Administrative history
Kingdom of Prussia
The district formed in the Frankfurt administrative district in 1816 , initially called the Züllichau district, was made up of two historical territories:
- The southern half of the new district was formed by the old Züllichau district , which was one of the districts that emerged in Brandenburg-Prussia in the post-medieval period and one of the so-called incorporated circles of Neumark . Like Schwiebus, the district originally belonged to the Duchy of Glogau, but at the same time it came to the House of Brandenburg with the Silesian Duchy of Crossen in 1482/1537. The layout of the (old) districts of Krossen and Züllichau took into account the feudal sovereignty of the Bohemian crown, which lasted until 1742.
- The northern half of the new circle made of until 1816 to Silesia belonging county Schwiebus .
The district office of the merged district was in the city of Züllichau. In the course of the 19th century, the name of the district changed to Züllichau-Schwiebus .
German Empire
Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and since January 1, 1871 to the German Empire .
When most of the province of Posen fell to Poland after the First World War , on February 27, 1919 the administration of the part of the Bomst district that remained in the German Reich was transferred to the district administrator in Züllichau. This task was continued in personal union until 1938.
On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Züllichau-Schwiebus district in line with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.
After the dissolution of the district of Bomst, the district of Züllichau-Schwiebus was formed around the cities of Bomst and Unruhstadt and the communities of Alt Hauland, Alt Obra Hauland, Altreben, Alt Tepperbuden, Bergvorwerk, Großdorf, Groß Posenbrück, Karge, Klein Posenbrück, Kleistdorf on October 1, 1938 , Krammen Lake, Neu Hauland, Neu Tepperbuden, Reckenwalde, Unruhsau and Wolfsheide (Grenzm.) Enlarged. Since January 1, 1939, the district has been referred to as a district in accordance with the now unified rule .
Towards the end of the Second World War , the district was occupied by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 . After the war ended, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet Union . Then the gradual immigration of Polish migrants began, some of whom came from areas east of the Curzon Line . Subsequently, the local Polish administrative authorities evicted the local population .
Population development
- Züllichau district
| year | Residents | source |
|---|---|---|
| 1750 | 9,892 | |
| 1796 | 15,288 |
- Schwiebus district
| year | Residents | source |
|---|---|---|
| 1796 | 14.206 |
- Züllichau-Schwiebus district
| year | Residents | source |
|---|---|---|
| 1816 | 28,624 | |
| 1840 | 37,139 | |
| 1871 | 49,689 | |
| 1890 | 49,477 | |
| 1900 | 48,728 | |
| 1910 | 48,066 | |
| 1925 | 50,969 | |
| 1933 | 49,781 | |
| 1939 | 58.205 |
District administrators
- Züllichau district
- –1739 Wolff Caspar von Sack
- 1739–1768 Heinrich Adolph von Sack
- 1768–1779 George Samuel Wilhelm von Gersdorff
- 1779–1783 Ludolph Wilhelm von Luck
- 1783–1787 Ernst Sigismund von Anger
- 1787–1810 George Samuel Wilhelm von Gersdorff
- Schwiebus district
- 1742–1748 Friedrich Christian von Hohendorff
- 1752–1762 George Gottlob von Knobelsdorff
- 1765–1784 Maximilian Gottlob von Troschke
- 1784–1791 Friedrich Wilhelm von Sommerfeld
- 1791–1816 Ernst von Sommerfeldt
- Züllichau-Schwiebus district
- 1816–1818 Ernst von Sommerfeldt
- 1818–1836 Hans Wilhelm von Schöning
- 1836–1837 Karl Ewald von Stünzner (provisional)
- 1837–1838 Adolf von Werdeck (provisional)
- 1838–1851 Theodor von Brescius (1798–1871)
- 1851–1862 by Petersdorff
- 1862–1878 Gustav von der Goltz (1831–1909)
- 1878–1888 Benno Schneider
- 1888 Granske (acting)
- 1888–1914 Wilhelm von der Beck (1855–1914)
- 1914–1933 Konrad von Monbart (1881–1945)
- 1933 Anton Hauk (1886–1971) (acting)
- 1933 Nethe (substitute)
- 1933–1935 Anton Hauk (1886–1971)
- 1935–1936 Karl Schröder (* 1897) (acting)
- 1936–1937 Heinz Müller-Hoppenworth (1907–1942) (acting)
- 1937–1940 Franz Clemens Schiffer (1896–1940)
- 1940–1942 Siegfried Kampf (substitute)
- 1942–1942 Otto Schläfke (acting)
- 1942–1943 by Baudisson (acting)
- 1943–1945 Wolfgang Winkler (1902–1945)
Local constitution
The district of Züllichau-Schwiebus was divided into cities, rural communities and - until their complete dissolution in 1929 - manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . The communities of the former district of Bomst remained combined in their previous Karge police district.
traffic
The demarcation of borders after the First World War interrupted and changed the old, established traffic relationships in the Züllichau = Schwiebus district.
The railway age began here in 1870, when the Märkisch-Posener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft opened its routes from Frankfurt an der Oder via Schwiebus > 122.c <and from Guben via Züllichau > 122.b <, which merged in Bentschen towards Posen. Then railway construction was suspended for 35 years; It was not until 1905 that the Prussian State Railroad opened a connection from Züllichau via Unruhstadt to Wollstein, the administrative seat of the neighboring district of Bomst> 116.p <. In 1909 the Topper – Meseritz line touched the northern tip of the district at Starpel> 116.m <. From the direction of Glogau another branch line reached Züllichau in 1915 and from 1919 established the connection to Schwiebus> 116.r <.
(The numbers in> <refer to the German course book 1939.)
cities and communes
Status 1945
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|
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Municipalities dissolved before 1939
- Noble Krummendorf, moved to Krummendorf in 1938
- Bork, to Trebschen in 1938
- Friedrichshuld, 1901 to Trebschen
- Guhren, 1938 to Kay
- Langegasse, 1937 to Züllichau
Name changes
While the place names of the part of the district originally belonging to the Züllichau district remained unchanged until 1945, the names of the communities that were added in 1938 from the dissolved Bomst district had already been renamed in 1937 so that they were “German” and less in line with National Socialist politics "Slavic" were called.
literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 100-101, paragraph 9.
- Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . Part II: Province of Brandenburg , Berlin 1873, pp. 170-177.
- Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., 1867, pp. 283-201.
- Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz , Volume 3, Brandenburg 1856, pp. 756-771 ( online ).
- Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad Oder. Compiled from official sources . Frankfurt ad O. 1844, pp. 237-253.
- W. Riehl and J. Scheu (eds.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence . Berlin 1861, pp. 507-522.
- Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg. Volume 3: Containing the Neumark Brandenburg. Berlin 1809, pp. 323-335 ( books.google.de ); Location registers for all three volumes: pp. 357–390 ( books.google.de ).
- Karl Friedrich von Klöden : Diplomatic history of the Margrave Waldemar von Brandenburg, from the year 1295-1323. Presented immediately after the sources. Volume 1, Berlin 1944, pp. 295–296,
- M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
Web links
- Züllichau-Schwiebus district administrative history
- GenWiki with a list of German place names
Individual evidence
- ^ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt ad Oder . No. 12 , 1816, p. 105 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
- ^ Ingo Materna, Wolfgang Ribbe (ed.): Brandenburg history . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-05-002508-5 , Boundaries and Administrative Structure, p. 32 ff . ( Digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
- ^ Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg . tape 3 . Friedrich Maurer, Berlin 1809, chap. District of Züllichau, S. 323 ff . ( Digitized version ).
- ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 42 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 36 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, The administrative district of Frankfurt, p. 210 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
- ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the administrative district of Frankfurt ad O., Harnecker, 1844, p. 30
- ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Province of Brandenburg and their population in 1871
- ↑ a b c d e f Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Züllichau-Schwiebus district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
Administrative districts: Frankfurt administrative district | Potsdam administrative district
City districts: Brandenburg an der Havel | Cottbus | Eberswalde | Forst (Lausitz) | Frankfurt (Oder) | Guben | Landsberg (Warthe) | Potsdam | Rathenow | Wittenberg
Districts: Angermünde | Beeskow-Storkow | Calau | Cottbus | Cross | Guben | Jüterbog-Luckenwalde | Königsberg Nm. | Landsberg (Warthe) | Lebus | Luebben | Luckau | Meseritz | Niederbarnim | Oberbarnim | East Havelland | Ostprignitz | Oststernberg | Prenzlau | Ruppin | Schwerin (Warta) | Soldin | Sorau | Spremberg | Teltow | Templin | West Havelland | Westprignitz | Weststernberg | Zauch-Belzig | Züllichau-Schwiebus
Dissolved in 1825 : Spremberg-Hoyerswerda , dissolved in 1827 : Frankfurt , dissolved in 1836 : Cüstrin | Teltow-Storkow , dissolved in 1873 : Sternberg , retired in 1881 : Berlin , in 1938 to the province of Pomerania : Arnswalde | Friedeberg Nm.