District of Königsberg Nm.

The district area 1905

Seal of the district committee of the Koenigsberg district

The district of Königsberg Nm. , until 1939 Königsberg district Nm. , also called Königsberger Kreis until the 19th century , was a Prussian district in Neumark in the province of Brandenburg , which existed until 1946. The former district area is now mainly part of the Gryfiński powiat in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland . The parts of the district to the west of the Oder are now part of the Märkisch-Oderland and Uckermark districts in the German state of Brandenburg .

The district of Königsberg Nm. included on January 1, 1945 the eight cities of Bad Schönfließ Nm. , Bärwalde Nm. , Fürstenfelde , Königsberg Nm. , Küstrin , Mohrin , Neudamm and Zehden (Oder) as well as 99 other municipalities and two forest estate districts .

Administrative history

In the post-medieval period, the Margraviate of Brandenburg was divided into circles . One of these historical circles was the Königsberger Kreis or the Königsberg district , which formed one of the three so-called anterior circles in Neumark . As part of the formation of provinces and administrative districts in Prussia, a district reform took place in the Frankfurt administrative district in 1816 , through which the Königsberg district was reduced as follows:

• The places Dölzig, Hammer, Herrendorf, Kerkow, Ringenwalde, Rosenthal, Rostin, Rufen, Schildberg, Simonsdorf, Werblitz, Woltersdorf, Wusterwitz and Zernickow changed from the Königsberg district to the Soldin district .
• The cities of Cüstrin , Neudamm and Fürstenfelde as well as the places Batzlow, Bleyen , Darrmietzel, Drewitz, Hälse, Kalenzig, Karlsbiese, Kerstenbrügge, Klewitz, Kutzdorf, Nabern, Neumühl, Quartschen , Schaumburg, Wilkersdorf, Wittstock, Zicher and Zorndorf moved from the Königsberg district in the newly created district of Cüstrin .

On January 1, 1836, the Cüstrin district was dissolved again and the area that had belonged to the Königsberg district until 1816 fell back to the Königsberg district. Because of the great distance between the district town of Königsberg and the new southern part of the district, a second district office was set up in Küstrin. On January 1, 1839, the district office in Cüstrin was dissolved and replaced by a branch of the Königsberg district administrator.

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On September 30, 1929, in the Königsberg district, i./Nm. In line with the development in the rest of the Free State of Prussia, a territorial reform took place in which all manor districts except two were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. In the 1930s, the shortened district name Königsberg Nm continued. by. On January 1, 1939, the Königsberg district ran Nm. according to the now imperial regulation the designation district .

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . The territory of the district east of the Oder was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet Union after the end of the war . Subsequently, the local population was expelled from this part of the district by the Polish administrative authorities .

The rest of the district, now only comprising the areas west of the Oder, existed in the state of Brandenburg in the Soviet occupation zone for a short time until it was dissolved with effect from March 15, 1946:

• The communities Adlig Reetz , Altglietzen , Altreetz , Altwustrow , Bralitz , Gabow , Hohenwutzen , Karlsbiese , Karlshof , Königlich Reetz , Neuglietzen , Neuküstrinchen , Neulietzegöricke , Neuranft , Neurüdnitz , Neutornow , Neuwustrow , Neuenhagen and Schiffmühle came to the Oberbarnim district .
• The communities of Bleyen and Küstrin-Kietz came to the district of Lebus .
• Some largely uninhabited areas in the lower Oder valley came to the Angermünde district .

Population development

year	Residents	source
1750	31,654
1796	49,307
1816	32,824
1840	72,329
1871	90,497
1890	98,521
1900	95,236
1910	94,327
1925	98.204
1933	97.104
1939	95,924

District administrators

• 1732–1762 Samuel Ehrenreich von Werthern00
• 1762–1776 Jakob Ludwig von Grape00
• 1777–1787 Wilhelm Ludwig von Sydow00
• 1787–1795 Friedrich Franz von Mühlheim00
• 1795–1798 Carl Christoph Gottlob von Knobelsdorff00
• 1798–1801 Karl von Zinnow00
• 1801– Wilhelm von Pape (1771–1860)000000
• 1816-1851 Bavarian00
• 1851–1867 Karl von Humbert (1829–1867)00
• 1867–1876 Albert von Levetzow (1827–1903)00
• 1876–1889 Berndt von Gerlach (1828–1889)00
• 1889–1901 Werner von Saldern (1852–1930)00
• 1901–1916 Oskar von der Osten-Warnitz (1862–1944)00
• 1916–1920 Walter von Keudell (1884–1973)00
• 1920–1921 Johann Fiehn (1875–1939) ( acting )00
• 1921–1933 Rudolf Junkermann (1887–1956)00
• 1933–1945 Joachim Reuscher (1895–1980)00

Local constitution

With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities .

traffic

In 1857, the Prussian Ostbahn reached what would later become the Küstrin junction from Frankfurt (Oder) and continued its route in the direction of Landsberg - Schneidemühl . In 1866 the main line of Berlin also flowed into Küstrin-Kietz .

The Breslau-Schweidnitz-Freiburg Railway Company ran its route down the Oder in 1875 to Küstrin and in 1876/77 on via Königsberg to Stettin. In Jädickendorf - just before the district town - two branch lines went off: one of the Prussian State Railways built from 1892 to Wriezen in the direction of Berlin; the other ran from 1899 via Bad Schönfließ to Pyritz ; it belonged to the Stargard-Cüstriner Railway Company , whose trains ran from Küstrin to Pyritz as early as 1882 .

Across the Oder, the Angermünde - Bad Freienwalde line opened in 1877 by the Berlin-Szczecin Railway Company touched the municipality of Bralitz. The Brandenburg State Transport Authority operated two small railways in the district, which was also financially involved in the Zehdener Bahn. From 1896, the Kleinbahn AG Cüstrin-Kriescht , as it was initially called, ran along the southern edge of the Warthebruch to the east. The Kleinbahn Freienwalde-Zehden AG came over the river from the Oderbruch in 1930. In 1925 the city of Küstrin put a meter-gauge electric tram into operation.

cities and communes

As of 1939

To the district of Königsberg Nm. belonged to the following cities and municipalities in 1939:

Noble Reetz 1 Altblessin Alt Bleyen 1 Altglietzen 1 Altlietzegöricke Altreetz 1 Altrüdnitz Altwustrow 1 Altcüstrinchen Altenkirchen Bad Schönfließ , city Bärfelde Bärwalde , city Batzlow Belgen Bellin Bellinchen Bernickow Blankenfelde Bralitz 1st Butterfelde Darrmietzel Dobberphul Dölzig Drewitz Dürrenselchow Falkenwalde

Fürstenfelde , city Gabow 1 Yells Görlsdorf Gossow Grabow Great Wubiser Grueneberg Green wheel Guhden Güstebiese Necks Hanseberg Hohenkränig Hohenlübbichow Hohenwartenberg Hohenwutzen 1 Jädickendorf Kalenzig Karlsbiese 1 Karlshof 1 Kerstenbrugge Little Wubiser Klemzow Klewitz Klossow Royal Reetz 1

Königsberg Nm. , City Küstrin , city Kutzdorf coat Mohrin , city Nabern Close up New Bleyen 1 New 1 Neuküstrinchen 1 Neulietzegöricke 1 Neuroft 1 Neurüdnitz 1 Neutornow 1 Neuwustrow 1 Neudamm , city Neuenhagen 1 Neumühl Low crane Lower Lübbichow Lower Saathen Down Nordhausen Pätzig Peetzig Quartschen Raduhn

Rehdorf Reichenfelde Rohrbeck Schaumburg Ship mill 1 Schmarfendorf Schönfeld Sellin Stolzenfelde Theers Trossin Vietnitz Voigtsdorf Warnitz Wartenberg Wedell Wilkersdorf Wittstock Woltersdorf Wrechow Zachow Zckerick Zehden , town Cellin Zicher Zorndorf

¹Community west of the Oder; belongs to Brandenburg today

The community-free manor districts Forst Neumühl and Forst Zicher also belonged to the district.

Name changes

There were minor name changes as follows:

• 1928 Cüstrin → Küstrin
• 1929 Nieder Wutzow → Niederwutzen

administration

District Courts (1894)

• Bärwalde District Court
• Koenigsberg i. NM
• District court Küstrin
• Neudamm District Court
• District court Zehden

Military affiliation (1885)

• III. Army Corps

Churches

• Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union
• Catholic dioceses of Berlin and Breslau

literature

• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 95-97, item 5.
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . Part II: Province of Brandenburg , Berlin 1873, pp. 118–27 ,
• Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., 1867, pp. 100-121.
• Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad Oder. Compiled from official sources . Frankfurt ad cit. 1844, pp. 91-107.
• Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century . Volume 3, 1st edition, Brandenburg 1856, pp. 384-426 ( online ).
• W. Riehl and J. Scheu (eds.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence . Berlin 1861, pp. 392-426
• Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg. Volume 3: Containing the Neumark Brandenburg. Berlin 1809, pp. 91-126 ( books.google.de ); Location registers for all three volumes: pp. 357–390 ( books.google.de ).
• H.-G. Bluhm, W. Pflug, B. Regenberg, RH Tamm (Eds.). Königsberg / Neumark district, memories of an East Brandenburg district . Berlin and Bonn 1997, 2nd edition, ISBN 3-929592-13-4 .
• Contributions to the history of mining in the province of Brandenburg , Hermann Cramer, Halle 1872–1889, Volume 4, Reprint, (facsimile), ISBN 978-3-88372-003-6 , Potsdam 2011
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

Commons : District of Königsberg Nm.  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• District of Königsberg Nm. - territorial.de (Rolf Jehke, 2018)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Ingo Materna, Wolfgang Ribbe (ed.): Brandenburg history . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-05-002508-5 , Boundaries and Administrative Structure, p. 32 ff . ( Digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
2. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt ad Oder . No. 12 , 1816, p. 104 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
3. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt ad Oder . No. 49 , 1835, pp. 363 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
4. ^ Hohenwutzen and the surrounding area at genealogy.net
5. ^ Kietz and the surrounding area at genealogy.net
6. ^ Provincial administration Mark Brandenburg (Ed.): Ordinance sheet of the Provincial Administration Mark Brandenburg No. 7 of April 10, 1946 . Resolution of the presidium of the provincial administration of Mark Brandenburg on the dissolution of the remaining district of Königsberg (Neumark) and change of the borders of the districts of Oberbarnim, Lebus and Angermünde.
7. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg . tape 3 . Friedrich Maurer, Berlin 1809, chap. Koenigsberg District, S. 91 ff . ( Digitized version ).
8. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 42 ( digitized version ).
9. ^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, The administrative district of Frankfurt, p. 210 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
10. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the administrative district of Frankfurt ad O., Harnecker, 1844, p. 30
11. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Province of Brandenburg and their population in 1871
12. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Königsberg district Nm. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).