Dębno

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dębno
Coat of arms of Dębno
Dębno (Poland)
Dębno
Dębno
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
Powiat : Myślibórz
Area : 19.50  km²
Geographic location : 52 ° 44 '  N , 14 ° 42'  E Coordinates: 52 ° 44 '0 "  N , 14 ° 42' 0"  E
Residents : 14,171 (March 31, 2011)
Postal code : 74-400
Telephone code : (+48) 95
License plate : ZMY
Economy and Transport
Street : DK23 Myślibórz ↔ Sarbinowo
Ext. 126 Osinów Dolny ↔ Dębno
Ext. 127 Porzecze ↔ Dębno
Rail route : Freight transport only: Barnówko – Kostrzyn nad Odrą
Next international airport : Szczecin-Goleniów
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 18 school offices
Surface: 318.78 km²
Residents: 20,609
(June 30, 2019)
Population density : 65 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 3210033
Administration (as of 2012)
Mayor : Piotr Downar
Address:
ul.Pilsudskiego 5 74-400 Dębno
Website : www.debno.pl



Dębno ( German Neudamm ) is a town in the powiat Myśliborski ( Soldin district ) of the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship .

Geographical location

The city is located in the Neumark , 17 kilometers northeast of Küstrin ( Kostrzyn nad Odrą ), on the Miezel (Polish Kosa ), a tributary of the Oder .

Neudamm an der Miezel north of the town of Küstrin an der Oder on a map from 1905

history

Neudamm around 1650 after Matthäus Merian
City Church (Protestant until 1945)

The village of Damm in the Neumark was first mentioned when it was during the joint reign of the Margraves Johann I and Otto III. was handed over to the Knights Templar in 1262 (1261) . In 1540, Margrave Hans von Cüstrin bought the place back in exchange for other lands from the Johannites , who had owned the village since 1337, and gave it to his wife Katharina as a gift (building the town hall.)

Katharina von Braunschweig allowed Dutch cloth makers, who had to leave their homeland because of their Protestant beliefs , to settle on the land belonging to the estate and had a church and school built. In 1562 the refugee settlement Neudamm was granted city rights, while Damm remained an independent village. Christoph Runge founded a paper mill, one of whose customers was Leonhard Thurneysser , and from 1568 ran a printing press.

Neudamm had three city gates, but no city wall. A wall and several moats served to protect the city. Neudamm was badly damaged during the Thirty Years' War. Neudamm was an immediate city since 1731 . In the course of the 18th century, textile production took off again; in addition to cloth-making, wool weaving also played an increasingly important role. In 1794 there were 146 master craftsmen in the city in this trade.

The city belonged to the Cüstrin district until its dissolution in 1836 , then to the Königsberg Nm district until 1945 . The 16th century church was demolished in 1845. In 1852 the traffic connection was improved by the construction of a road , in 1882 the railway from Küstrin via Neudamm, Soldin to Glasow near Pyritz , which is now closed to passenger traffic and only between Barnówko (Berneuchen) and Kostrzyn nad Odrą (Küstrin) for Freight traffic is operated.

  • library

  • Floor plan from 1772

  • Neudammer Hutfabriken AG shares valued at 100 Reichsmarks

The first hat factory was opened in the city in 1880 . The felt hats from Neudamm had a good reputation and were also popular outside of Germany. In 1927 there were five hat factories and nine cloth factories. Another well-known company was Neumann Verlag, founded in 1872 by Julius Neumann .

During the Second World War , a satellite camp of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp was set up in the city .

Towards the end of the Second World War , the Red Army occupied Neudamm in early February 1945 . On February 13, by Soviet orders, the inhabitants had to leave the city, which had suffered a building loss of around 30 to 35%. After a stay with Soldin , the residents were allowed to return to Neudamm at the beginning of May, where important businesses had been dismantled. In the summer of 1945, the Soviet Union placed the city under the Potsdam Agreement under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland , which renamed Neudamm Dębno .

On 28 June 1945, all German citizens were from Neudamm sold . The immigration of Polish migrants began, more than half of whom came from areas east of the Curzon Line conquered by Poland after the First World War . A good quarter came from central Poland, less than a tenth were returnees from Germany and France. Most of the Polish newcomers came from rural areas; only a third of them had previously lived in a city.

The urban infrastructure was still functioning in 1945 and the first companies were able to produce. In November 1945 the former Prussian member of the state parliament Jan Baczewski became mayor of Dębno.

Between 1950 and 1975 the city was a district capital in the former Szczecin Voivodeship ; the seat of the powiat , however, was in Chojna (Königsberg (Neumark)) . From 1975 to 1998 the city was part of the Gorzów Voivodeship .

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1750 1550
1801 2178 including five Jewish families with 42 individuals
1850 3081
1858 3296 including 16 Catholics and 54 Jews
1867 3259 on December 3rd
1871 3357 on December 1st, including 3260 Protestants, 26 Catholics and 71 Jews
1875 3380
1880 3775
1890 4079 including 35 Catholics and 52 Jews
1905 8274 mostly evangelicals
1910 7910 on December 1st, 7,827 of them in the city, 83 at Gut Neudamm
1933 7617
1939 7488
Population development since 1790

Attractions

local community

The area of ​​the urban and rural community has an area of ​​318.78 km², on which about 21,000 inhabitants live. It comprises 18 school authorities:

  • Barnówko (Berneuchen) , Bogusław (Batzlow)
  • Cychry (Zicher)
  • Dargomyśl (Darrmietzel)
  • Dolsk (Dölzig)
  • Dyszno (Ringenwalde)
  • Grzymiradz ( Green Wheel )
  • Krężelin (Krummkavel)
  • Krześnica (Wilkersdorf)
  • Młyniska (mill fifth)
    Gothic church Feldstein quadern in Smolnica (Bärfelde)
  • Mostno-Więcław (Kerstenbrügge-Späning)
  • Oborzany (Nabern)
  • Ostrowiec (Wusterwitz)
  • Różańsko (Rosenthal)
  • Sarbinowo (Zorndorf)
  • Smolnica (Bärfelde)
  • Suchlica (New Zicher)
  • Warnice (Warnitz) .

In Berneuchen (Barnówko), the Berneuchen movement , a church reform movement , arose in the first half of the 20th century .

In 1996, at Barnówko and Różańsko northeast of Dębno, 64 million tons of crude oil and 29 billion cubic meters of natural gas were discovered. Because of its high sulphate content, natural gas can only be used for industrial processing; since 2004 it has been used to operate a gas turbine in the Gorzów Wielkopolski thermal power station. The city was therefore popularly known as the “Polish Kuwait ”.

Personalities

Town twinning

sons and daughters of the town

See also

literature

  • Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg . Volume 3, Berlin 1809, pp. 104-106 .
  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century . Volume 3, 1st edition, Brandenburg 1856, pp. 401-402.
  • W. Riehl and J. Scheu (eds.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence . Berlin 1861, pp. 412-413.
  • Gustav Ehrich: Chronicle of the city of Neudamm together with messages from old Schöppen and land registers of the villages of Wittstock, Nabern, Darrmietzel, Zicher, Damm and Batzlow. Neumann, Neudamm 1896 ( e-copy ).
  • Neudamm, N.-M. In: Möckel's address and information books. Emil Reis, Leipzig 1894–1898 (with map).
  • Magistrate of the city of Neudamm: Neudamm, the industrial and commercial city in the northwestern Neumark. Neumann, Neudamm 1927.
  • Roman Jachimowicz: Neudamm - Dębno: przeszłość i teraźniejszość. Biblioteka Publiczna Miasta i Gminy, Dębno 1999, ISBN 83-88135-75-9 .
  • Karty z dziejów Dębna. PPH "Zapol" Dmochowski Sobczyk, Dębno 2005, ISBN 83-60140-35-9 .
  • Tadeusz Białecki (red.): Z Dziejów Ziemi Chojeńskiej. Instytut Zachodniopomorski, Szczecin 1969.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on July 4, 2017
  2. ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Encyklopedia PWN - Dębno [1]
  4. ↑ Sztetl - Dębno - historia [2]
  5. ↑ Karty z dziejów Dębna. Dębno: PPH "Zapol" Dmochowski Sobczyk, 2005, ISBN 83-60140-35-9 , p. 47.
  6. ↑ Dębno - panorama miasta archive link ( memento of the original from July 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.debno.pl
  7. ↑ Dębno - historia archive link ( Memento of the original from May 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.debno.pl
  8. ↑ For the origin of the settlers see Tadeusz Białecki (red.): Z Dziejów Ziemi Chojeńskiej. Instytut Zachodniopomorski, Szczecin 1969, p. 226.
  9. ↑ a b c W. Riehl and J. Scheu (eds.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their current existence . Berlin 1861, pp. 412-413.
  10. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Description of the entire Mark Brandenburg . Volume 3: Die Neumark Brandenburg , Berlin 1809, p. 103 ( online ).
  11. ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz . Volume 3, Brandenburg 1856, pp. 401-402
  12. ↑ a b Royal Statistical Bureau: The communities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . Part II: Province of Brandenburg , Berlin 1873, pp. 118–119, No. 6 ( online ).
  13. ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. koenigsberg_n.html # ew39kbnmpneuda. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  14. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 14, Leipzig / Vienna 1908, p. 542 ( online ).
  15. ↑ www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de .
  16. ↑ http://www.debno.pl/