Kursk

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Kursk (disambiguation) .

city Kursk Курск flag coat of arms Federal district Central Russia Oblast Kursk Urban district Kursk mayor Nikolai Ovcharov First mention 1032 City since 1779 surface 190  km² population 415,159 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 2185 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 250  m Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone code (+7) 4712 Post Code 305000-305048 License Plate 46 OKATO 38 401 Website www.kurskadmin.ru Geographical location Coordinates 51 ° 43 '  N , 36 ° 11'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 43 '0 "  N , 36 ° 11' 0"  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Kursk Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Easter cross procession in the Kursk region, oil on canvas 175 × 280 cm, date of origin: 1830–1833

View of Kursk

Lenin Street in the center of Kursk

Kursk ( Russian Курск ) is a city in the European part of Russia .

geography

Kursk is the capital of the Kursk Oblast and is located around 500 km south of Moscow not far from the border with Ukraine . The city, through which the Seim flows, has 415,159 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).

West of the city is a meteorite crater with a diameter of 5.5 kilometers, see Kursk crater .

City structure

City district (Administratiwny okrug) Russian name Residents (October 14, 2010) comment Zheleznodorozhny Железнодорожный 67,394 Name of Schelesnaya doroga (railway), until 1994 Kirovsky rajon Seimski Сеймский 147.419 Name of the Seim river, until 1994 Promyschlenny rajon (industrial district) Zentralny Центральный 200,346 Name means central rajon , until 1994 Leninsky rajon

climate

Kursk
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     42   -6 -12     33   -5 -11     37   1 -5     42   12 3     52   19th 9     72   23 12     76   24 14th     55   23 13     51   17th 8th     43   10 3     52   2 -3     55   -3 -8th Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: Roshydromet

Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Kursk Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) −5.7 −4.5 0.8 11.6 19.4 22.5 23.7 23.1 17.3 9.7 2.0 −2.6 O 9.8 Min. Temperature (° C) −11.8 −10.9 −5.4 2.8 9.1 12.4 13.9 12.9 8.2 2.6 −2.8 −7.7 O 2 Precipitation ( mm ) 42 33 37 42 52 72 76 55 51 43 52 55 Σ 610 Rainy days ( d ) 10 8th 9 8th 8th 10 9 7th 8th 7th 10 11 Σ 105 Source: Roshydromet

history

Affiliation

Kursk was founded around 980 as a fortress of the Kievan Rus and was first mentioned in a document in 1032, but excavations indicate a settlement at least since the 5th century BC. The city was a fortified trading center. In 1237 it was completely destroyed by the forces of the Golden Horde under the leadership of Batu Khan . After that the city was fought over by several small principalities. In 1285 it was again devastated and burned down by the Mongols under Nogai Khan . Kursk was temporarily occupied by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 14th century and only recaptured by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1508 . Kursk was expanded into a fortress and was exposed to attacks by the Poles (1611/12) and Crimean Tatars until the 18th century .

In 1708 Kursk was added to the Kiev governorate . In 1727 Kursk was accepted into the newly formed Belgorod governorate . In 1779 Kursk received city status. In 1797 the new Kursk governorate was created. In the 1860s, Kursk became a hub in the newly created railway network, which led to a surge in industrialization. After the dissolution of the Kursk Governorate in 1928, the city initially belonged to the Central Black Earth Oblast . In 1934 the Kursk Oblast , which still exists today, was formed.

Second World War

During the Second World War , Kursk was occupied by the Wehrmacht from November 4, 1941 to February 8, 1943 . Around 3,000 residents were shot during the occupation and around 10,000 were deported to the German Reich as forced laborers . Well known is the Battle of Kursk (also known as the Battle of the Kursk Arch ) in July and August 1943, the largest tank battle in the history of warfare.

In Besse Dino, 18 km east of Kursk direction Voronezh , the German military cemetery Kursk-Besse Dino is (also Besedino, 51 ° 42 '  N , 36 ° 31'  O ) as a collecting cemetery for about 26,070 war dead (2009) provided at the 17th Inaugurated October 2009. After the reburial is over, around 40,000 war victims are said to be buried here.

In Kursk there was a POW camp 145 for German prisoners of war of the Second World War.

reconstruction

After the war the city was rebuilt and new industrial plants were built.

Population development

year	Residents
1897	75,721
1926	98,780
1939	119,977
1959	204.712
1970	284.162
1979	375.345
1989	424.239
2002	412,442
2010	415.159

Note: census data

Economy and Infrastructure

Today Kursk is an important administrative and industrial city. The iron processing, the chemical and the food industry are the most important branches of the economy. Agriculture is also important, as Kursk is located in the fertile black earth region.

The Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA), the world's largest known iron ore basin with an average iron content of between 35 and 60%, is particularly well known .

In the Kursk Oblast of the city is close to Kurchatov the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant . Four graphite-moderated reactors of the type RBMK -1000 are operated there, these are reactors that were also used in the Chernobyl nuclear power plant . The reactors went into operation between 1977 and 1986.

Further educational institutions

• Faculty of Moscow State Commercial University
• Branch of the All-Russian Remote Institute of Finance and Economics
• Humanities and technical institute
• Kursk Department of the Orel Regional Civil Service Academy
• Kursk Branch of the Orlov Legal Institute of the Ministry of Interior of Russia
• Institute for Business, Economics and Management Kursk
• Natural and Human Sciences Institute Kursk
• State Agricultural Academy Kursk
• Kursk State Medical University
• Kursk State Technical University
• Kursk State University

traffic

Kursk is connected to the Russian capital Moscow via the M2 Krym highway . At the same time, the city is the starting point of the junction R298 , which leads east via Voronezh to Borisoglebsk .

Sports

In football, the city is represented by the club Awangard Kursk . The city was one of the venues for the 1965 World Bandy Championships .

sons and daughters of the town

• Reinhold von Anrep-Elmpt (1834–1888), German-Baltic officer in Imperial Russian service and explorer
• Ljuba Arnautovic (* 1954), Austrian translator, journalist, author and writer
• Ekaterina Avdejewa (1788–1865), writer
• Oleh Babajew (1965–2014), Ukrainian politician
• Boris Babkin (1877–1950), physiologist
• Dmitri Badin (* 1990), hacker
• Apollinari Bondarzew (1877–1968), botanist
• Andrei Borowych (1921–1989), fighter pilot
• Alexander Deineka (1899–1969), painter, graphic artist and sculptor
• Nikolai Fedorowski (1886–1956), mineralogist
• Pavlo Klimkin (* 1967), Ukrainian diplomat and politician, Foreign Minister of Ukraine from 2014 to 2019
• Nikolai Korotkow (1874–1920), doctor and surgeon
• Nikolaj Obuchow (1892–1954), composer
• Georgi Orlow (1901–1985), architect and university professor
• Pavel Pevzner (* 1956), Russian-American bioinformatician
• Alexander Powetkin (* 1979), heavyweight boxer
• Sergei Puskepalis (born 1966), actor
• Alexander Ruzkoi (* 1947), officer, politician, governor of Kursk Oblast from 1996 to 2000
• Irina Samochina (* 1971), publisher
• Seraphim von Sarow (1759–1833), monk and mystic
• Nikolai Schiljajew (1881–1938), composer and music teacher
• Juri Stjopkin (* 1971), judoka
• The Tolmacheva Sisters (* 1997), singers, first in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2006 , participant in the Eurovision Song Contest 2014
• Konstantin Trutowski (1826–1893), painter, draftsman and illustrator
• Valery Tschaplygin (* 1952), cyclist and Olympic champion in 1976
• Wassili Tupikow (1901–1941), Lieutenant General

Town twinning

Kursk lists the following twin cities :

•  Dębno ( Poland )
•  Tczew ( Poland )
•  Witten ( Germany , North Rhine-Westphalia )
•  Speyer (Germany, Rhineland-Palatinate )
•  Gomel ( Belarus ) since 2004
•  Navapolatsk ( Belarus ) since 2014
•  Niš ( Serbia )
•  Užice ( Serbia ) since 1967
•  Sumy ( Ukraine ) since 2007

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ description war cemetery Kursk Besedino
3. ↑ Letter from the Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge e. V. to its members and donors from March 24, 2010
4. ↑ Memorial (PDF; 662 kB)
5. ↑ Peaceful encounter in Kursk, page 11
6. ↑ Maschke, Erich (ed.): On the history of the German prisoners of war of the Second World War. Verlag Ernst and Werner Gieseking, Bielefeld 1962–1977.

Web links

Commons : Kursk  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Kursk  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations