Nikolai Sergejewitsch Korotkov

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Nikolai Sergejewitsch Korotkow (1874–1920)

Nikolai Sergejewitsch Korotkow ( Russian: Николай Сергеевич Коротков ); (* February 14 . Jul / 26. February  1874 greg. In Kursk ; †  14. March 1920 in Petrograd ) was a Russian doctor and surgeon . He improved the blood pressure measurement method according to Riva-Rocci .

family

Korotkow came from a merchant family of Russian Orthodox faith and spent his childhood in Kursk. His wife Jelena, who see him as nurse of the Red Cross of China and into the Manchuria accompanied, survived him by more than 20 years and died during the Siege of Leningrad by German troops in 1941. His son, Sergei Korotkov died in 1978th

education and profession

In Kursk Korotkow attended the boys' grammar school, after which he transferred in 1893 to the medical school of the University of Kharkov (now Ukraine ). After only a year he left Kharkov to continue his education at the medical faculty of Moscow University in 1895 . After passing an honors degree (cum laude) , he received his medical diploma in 1898.

From 1898 to 1900 he worked as an assistant (sverchschtatny) to Alexander Bobrov (1850–1904) at the surgical clinic of Moscow University and secured his living through private medical practice. On the occasion of the Boxer Rebellion , Korotkow went with the Russian army to the Far East, to China . Under Alexinsky, a colleague of the Moscow clinic, he and the Order of Sisters of the Red Cross ( Iverskaya obschtschina) cared for those wounded in the fighting. Then he traveled with the Trans-Siberian Railway to Vladivostok , where he was awarded the Order of St. Anne for “the extraordinary zeal and helpfulness for sick and wounded soldiers”. He returned to his clinic in Moscow by sea through the Indian Ocean , the Suez Canal and the Black Sea .

In 1903, Sergei Fyodorov, Bobrov's former assistant, was appointed professor of surgery at the St. Petersburg Military Academy and now entrusted Korotkow with the organization of the women's ward of the surgical clinic, enabling him to take the first (1903 theory and practice) and second (1904 theory) doctoral exams.

During the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) Korotkow took over the function of the chief surgeon, first of the Second St. George Hospital Unit of the Russian Red Cross Society , then as a surgeon of the First General Hospital in Harbin (Manchuria); his wife traveled as a Red Cross nurse. Here he organized the care of the war wounded and began to be increasingly interested in vascular injuries and vascular surgery - the new high-speed ammunition used often caused arterial vascular injuries.

While Korotkow was still working on his dissertation, he took a position as a doctor and surgeon in the Siberian Witim - Oljokma mining district in 1908/1909. In 1910 he successfully completed his doctorate at the Imperial Military Academy for Medicine in Saint Petersburg with his work in vascular surgery. He then signed up again as a surgeon for the miners of the mining company Lena Goldfields Ltd. at Bodaibo . Here in 1912 he witnessed the shooting of several hundred unarmed striking miners by the tsarist military, the so-called "Lena massacre".

Korotkow then worked again in Saint Petersburg and took over the surgical department of an auxiliary facility for wounded soldiers in Tsarskoye Selo during the First World War . Later he became the chief physician of the Metschnikow Hospital in Petrograd and then worked in the hospital on Sagorodny Prospect.

Services

Blood pressure monitor developed by Korotkow

Korotkow documented 44 treatments of patients with arterial or arteriovenous aneurysms , which were the basis of his doctoral thesis. He uses the teachings of one of the most famous Russian physicians, Nikolai Pirogow (1810–1881), who described auscultatory noises via vascular tumors or arteriovenous fistulas that disappeared when the arterial inflow to the affected limb was occluded (e.g. with the blood pressure cuff described by Scipione Riva-Rocci ). Experiments with cuff and stethoscope finally led Korotkow to the discovery of systolic and diastolic noises when the compression pressure dropped. Returning to Moscow, Korotkow reported on November 8, 1905 about the perception of noises during auscultatory blood pressure measurement and presented his measuring method. On December 13, Korotkov published another communication on blood pressure measurement, in which he reported the results of animal experiments, according to which the perceived noises were of local and non-cardiac origin. These reports sparked a lively and critical discussion about the causes of the phenomenon, the new method was soon adopted in Russia and experimentally confirmed several times. The sound that is made when the blood is swirled while measuring blood pressure is called the Korotkov sound .

For auscultation Korotkow used a phonendoscope or a binaural children stethoscope. By phonendoscope he understood a binaural stethoscope with a double-membrane chestpiece ( described by Bianchi in 1898 ), in contrast to the conventional, monaural wooden stethoscopes of the Laënnec type (an instrument of this type made the auscultatory method proposed by Korotkow more difficult). The systolic value is to Korotkow at incipient knocking noises, the diastolic read pressure in the disappearance of the noise. For the measurement himself, he used a Riva Rocci cuff and a mercury manometer.

Korotkow succeeded for the first time in proving the sufficient collateral blood supply in the case of vascular injuries to an extremity with the auscultatory blood pressure measurement he had discovered; this verification is also known clinically as Korotkow's sign.

Works

  • Chirurgitscheskaja diagnostika , translation into Russian diagnosis of surgical diseases (by Eduard Albert). 1901
  • On methods of studying blood pressure . Bull Imperial Acad Med (St. Petersburg) 4 (1905) 365
  • Contribution to the methods of measuring blood pressure; second preliminary report 13 December 1905 . Wratschebnaja Gazeta 5 (1906) 128, 10 (1906) 278
  • On the problem of the methods of blood pressure research . Izv Voenno-Med Akad 11 (1905) 365, 12 (1906) 254
  • Experiments for determining the efficiency of arterial collaterals . Stremeannaia, 12th PP Soykine, St. Petersburg 1910

literature

  • AK Gurevich: Dr. Nikolay S. Korotkov (1874-1920) - The discoverer of blood pressure measurement tones. In: J Nephrol . 19 Suppl. 10 (2006) 115-118
  • IE Konstantinov: Nikolai S. Korotkov: A story of an unknown surgeon with an immortal name. In: Surgery 123 (1998) 371-381
  • JD Cantwell: NS Korotkoff. In: Clin Cardiol 12 (1989) 233
  • Harold N. Segall HN: Quest for Korotkoff. In: J Hypertension 3 (1985) 317
  • Harold N. Segall: NC Korotkoff, Discoverer of the auscultatory method of measuring arterial pressure. In: Ann Intern Med . 63 (1965) 147
  • Harold N. Segall: NC Korotkoff - 1874-1920 - Pioneer vascular surgeon. In: Am Heart J . 91 (1976) 816
  • Harold N. Segall (Ed.): Experiments for Determining the Efficiency of Arterial Collaterals by NS Korotkoff. Preface, Biographical Notes and Editing of Translation from Russian by Harold N. Segall. Mansfield, Montreal 1980
  • Harold N. Segall: How Korotkoff, the surgeon, discovered the auscultatory method of measuring blood pressure. In: Ann Intern Med . 83 (1975) 561
  • M. Laher M, Eoin O'Brien: In search of Korotkoff. In: Br Med J . 285 (1982) 1796
  • MP Multanowski: Korotkoff's method. The history of its discovery, of its clinical and experimental interpretation and modern appreciation. The 50th anniversary of NS Korotkoff's death. In: Cor et Vasa 12 (1970) 106
  • LS Neliobova: The Life and scientific achievement of Dr. NS Korotkoff. Proceedings of XLV scientific conference of the medical and pharmaceutical faculties. Kursk 1971

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Korotkow, Nikolai Sergejewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Коротков, Николай Сергеевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian doctor and surgeon
DATE OF BIRTH February 26, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Kursk
DATE OF DEATH March 14, 1920
Place of death Petrograd