Alexander Vladimirovich Ruzkoi

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Ruzkoi 2016

Alexander Wladimirowitsch Ruzkoi ( Russian Александр Владимирович Руцкой ; born September 16, 1947 in Proskurow , Ukrainian SSR , today Khmelnyzkyj, Ukraine ) is a Russian politician and former officer in the Soviet Army . From 1991 to 1993 he was Russian Vice President under Boris Yeltsin and was elected incumbent president for a few days by the dissolved parliament in place of Yeltsin during the constitutional crisis of 1993 .

military

After school in 1965 Ruzkoi graduated from the Vershinin Military Aviation College in Barnaul in 1971 , then as an officer in 1979 the Military Academy of the Air Force "JA Gagarin" , and most recently in 1990 the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR "KE Voroshilov" in Moscow. From 1981 to 1985 he was head of the military training center in the Air Force . In Afghanistan , Ruzkoi flew 438 missions with an independent fighter regiment of the 40th Army from 1985 to 1988 , was shot down twice and seriously wounded. The first launch took place on April 6, 1986 by a Strela-2 M anti-aircraft missile , with the second launch on August 4, 1988, he penetrated into Pakistani airspace at night with his Su-25 . He was then shot down by Major Bukhari of the Pakistani Air Force . Bukhari flew an F-16 . Ruzkoi was honored with the title Hero of the Soviet Union . As a colonel , Ruzkoi left active service and switched to politics as a supporter of Yeltsin.

politics

Ruzkoi won a mandate for the Russian Congress of People's Deputies in 1990 and became the leader of the Yelts-loyal "Communists for Democracy" (later People's Party of Free Russia) in the Supreme Soviet of Russia. He was instrumental in getting Congress to vote for a direct election of a Russian president by the Russian people. Boris Yeltsin brought the well-deserved military in the 1991 presidential election campaign as a candidate for the post of Vice President in Moscow. Ruzkoi was the first freely elected Vice-President of Russia from July 10, 1991 to September 1, 1993.

August coup

During the August coup in Moscow , Ruzkoi organized the defense of the White House, the seat of the Supreme Soviet, alongside Yeltsin and Moscow Mayor Popov . When the coup failed, Ruzkoi flew to the Crimea with the (last) Prime Minister of the Soviet Union, Ivan Silajew, to free the interned Soviet President Gorbachev . The office of the Russian president emerged stronger from the coup attempt, the office of the Soviet president weakened. Ruzkoi was promoted to major general on August 24th . The August coup was an attempt to save the old Soviet Union. Yeltsin and representatives of the Soviet republics decided to dissolve the Soviet Union on December 31, 1991. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Ruzkoi has been in opposition to Yeltsin.

Economic reforms

After the economic crisis in Russia in mid-1992 (inflation 2,500%), Ruzkoi got more and more into conflict with Yeltsin. Like Parliament President Khasbulatov, Ruzkoi did not agree with the radical economic reforms of Yeltsin's protégé and Prime Minister Gaidar . In 1993, Yeltsin pushed through a referendum on the president's economic policy in the People's Deputies Congress, with Ruzkoi Yeltsin refusing to follow him for the first time. Shortly before the referendum, Ruzkoi accused Yeltsin of corruption, after which Ruzkoi himself was accused and charged with corruption . The alliance between Khasbulatow and Ruzkoi hindered work in the Russian parliament more and more.

1993 constitutional crisis

Alexander Ruzkoi in 1993 at a press conference, Photo: Mikhail Evstafiev

Yeltsin won the referendum with 58.1% and suggested that Ruzkoi resign. He stripped Ruzkoi of his powers as vice president and eventually removed him from office for corruption . Ruzkoi described the procedure as unconstitutional. The Supreme Soviet and the Constitutional Court agreed that Ruzkoi was right. Yeltsin dissolved the Supreme Soviet and the Congress of People's Deputies on September 21 and announced new elections for December 12, as well as a vote on the constitution drafted by the Constitutional Conference. Chasbulatow, Ruzkoi and another 100 deposed deputies of the People's Deputies Congress saw the dissolution as a coup and oppose Yeltsin. They declared Yeltsin to be deposed and appointed Vice-President Ruzkoi, who had been suspended by Yeltsin, as the incumbent president. On September 22nd, Ruzkoi took the presidential oath. The 100 deputies barricaded themselves on October 3 in the White House in Moscow, the parliament building. Yeltsin had the building bombarded with tank shells on October 4th and stormed it by the elite ALFA unit . Ruzkoi and Khasbulatov were arrested on charges of high treason and charged with inciting mass unrest. More than 120 people were killed in fighting in Moscow.

In the elections for the newly created Duma , Yeltsin's opponents again won a majority. As early as February 26, 1994, at the request of the nationalist LDPR under Vladimir Zhirinovsky , together with the newly organized communists of the KPRF , and against Yeltsin's protest, an amnesty for the putschists of the 1991 August putsch and the 1993 constitutional crisis was decided.

governor

From then on Ruzkoi worked with Yeltsin-critical parties such as the KPRF or nationalist organizations. In 1995 he founded the national communist Derschawa , which was unsuccessful in the Russian parliamentary elections. In the elections for governor of Kursk Oblast Ruzkoi won 78.9% and was governor of the province with a seat in the Russian Federation Council until 2000 . Ruzkoi created lucrative jobs for his brothers and sons in Kursk, some of which had to be returned. In the 2000 gubernatorial elections, the Kremlin candidate prevailed.

Alexander Ruzkoi is married to Ludmilla Alexandrovna. His two sons are called Dmitri and Alexander.

literature

Web links

Commons : Alexander Vladimirovich Rutskoy  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Viktor Markowskij: Hot skies over Afghanistan . Elbe-Dnjepr, Klitzschen 2006, ISBN 3-933395-89-5 , p. 68 .
personal data
SURNAME Ruzkoi, Alexander Vladimirovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Александр Владимирович Руцкой
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian officer and politician
DATE OF BIRTH September 16, 1947
PLACE OF BIRTH Kursk