Ruslan Imranowitsch Khasbulatow

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Ruslan Khasbulatov (2011)

Ruslan Imranovič Chasbulatov ( Russian Руслан Имранович Хасбулатов , scientific transliteration Ruslan Imranovič Chasbulatov ; born November 22, 1942 in Grozny , Chechnya) is a Russian politician and economist.

From 1991 to 1993 he was Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Russia (President of Parliament). In the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993 he was next to the Vice President Alexander Ruzkoi the most important opponent of the Russian President Boris Yeltsin .

childhood

Khasbulatov is Chechen . During the forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of Chechens during the Second World War, Khasbulatov's family was deported from the North Caucasus to Kazakhstan.

education

In the capital of the Kazakh SSR , Alma-Ata, today Almaty , Khasbulatov began studying economics. After moving to Moscow State University , he finished his studies there in 1965, completed his habilitation in 1970 and became professor of economics at the Plekhanov Academy of Economics in Moscow and at the Moscow Institute for National Economy in the late 1970s .

politics

In 1966 Khasbulatov joined the CPSU .

In the election to the 1500 members strong 1st Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR in 1990 Khasbulatov won a mandate. In June, the People's Deputies elected him to the Supreme Soviet of Russia. Yeltsin was elected chairman of the Supreme Soviet (President of Parliament), Khasbulatov as one of its deputies. At first, Khazbulatov was a confidante of Yeltsin in the conservative People's Congress. After Yeltsin's victory in the Russian presidential election in 1991 in June, Khasbulatov applied as Yeltsin's successor for the office of parliamentary president, failed in several rounds, but achieved the necessary majority after the August coup in Moscow .

As the President of Parliament, Khasbulatov was increasingly in conflict with the President. He advocated a strong position for the state and a slower introduction of the market economy. After the Russian economic slowdown in mid-1992 (annual inflation 2,500 percent), the power struggle between Khasbulatov and Yeltsin escalated. At the 7th Congress of People's Deputies in 1992 Khasbulatov pushed Chernomyrdin, chief of Gazprom, through as prime minister - against Yeltsin's favorite, the reformer Gaidar . From Khasbulatov's attempts to further curtail the rights and power of the president, a state and constitutional crisis slowly developed.

1993 constitutional crisis

The President's special powers over economic reforms granted at previous Congresses were revoked by the 8th Congress in 1993. In 1993, Yeltsin pushed through a referendum on the president's economic policy against Khasbulatov, which he won with 58.1% of the vote. Yeltsin saw in this vote the mandate of the citizens to pass a new constitution as soon as possible. In the same year, Yeltsin called a constitutional conference of all social forces against the resistance of Khasbulatov. Khasbulatov denied the legitimacy of the constituent assembly, attended it, but was prevented from speaking. Yeltsin dissolved the Supreme Soviet and the Congress of People's Deputies on September 21 and announced new elections and a vote on the new constitution for December 12. Chasbulatow, Ruzkoi and another 100 deposed deputies of the People's Deputies Congress saw the dissolution as a coup and opposed Yeltsin. They declared Yeltsin deposed, appointed Vice-President Ruzkoi, who had been suspended by Yeltsin, as incumbent president and barricaded themselves on October 3 in the White House in Moscow, the parliament building. Yeltsin stormed the building on October 4th with a tank attack and by elite units. Khasbulatov was arrested on charges of high treason and charged with inciting mass unrest. More than 120 people were killed in fighting in Moscow.

In the elections for the new State Duma, Yeltsin's opponents again gained a majority. As early as February 26, 1994, at the request of the nationalist LDPR under Vladimir Zhirinovsky , together with the newly organized communists of the KPRF - and against the protest of Yeltsin - an amnesty for the putschists of the August putsch in 1991 and the parliamentarians involved in the constitutional crisis of 1993 was decided. The first chairman of the freely elected Duma was named Ivan Rybkin .

In 1998 the Russian Constitutional Court declared the use of tanks during the power struggle to be unconstitutional. Chasbulatow has since been considered rehabilitated.

Chechnya

After 1993, Khasbulatov became involved in Chechen politics, seeking limited sovereignty for the Russian republic.

science

After his political career, Khasbulatov returned to science. He founded the Institute for International Economics at the Plekhanov Academy for Economics in Moscow and heads the institute as professor for international economic relations. Chasbulatow is the author of several books published worldwide. Since December 7, 1991 he has been an associate member of the Russian Academy of Sciences , a member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, a member of the Russian Academy of Technical Sciences and a member of the International Slavic Academy.

Works

  • The struggle for Russia: power and change in the democratic revolution , Routledge, London 1993, ISBN 0-415-09292-2
  • The economic reform in the Russian Federation 1992–1993 , INMARCON, Moscow 1993
  • The Bureaucratic State , YOX, Beograd 1991
  • Perestroika from the perspective of an economist , APN-Verlag, Moscow 1989
  • Imperialism and developing nations , Allied Publishers, Ahmedabad 1987
  • Boris Jelzin: The alternative: Democracy instead of dictatorship , with further contributions by Ruslan Chasbulatow, Horizonte Verlag, Bad König 1991, ISBN 3-926116-30-7

literature

  • Only revenge in mind. Russia's ex-parliamentary leader Ruslan Chasbulatow on the wave of suicide bombings, the planned presidential election and the threatened expansion of the Caucasus conflict , Der Spiegel, 33/2003, pages 102-1033
  • Markus Wehner : Ruslan Chasbulatow. Hopes disappointed , Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, August 19, 2003, p. 10, online text

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Chasbulatow, Ruslan Imranowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Хасбулатов, Руслан Имранович (Russian spelling)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian politician and economist
DATE OF BIRTH November 22, 1942
PLACE OF BIRTH Grozny , Chechnya