People's Deputies Congress
People's Deputies Congress (also: Congress of People's Deputies ; Russian Съезд народных депутатов ) refers to a directly elected council that acts as a legislative organ. There were congresses of this kind in the Soviet Union and its former member states such as the RSFSR .
Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union
The Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union was established as the highest legislative body of the USSR by an amendment to the Soviet Constitution of December 1, 1988 . At the suggestion of Mikhail Gorbachev , he was elected on March 26, 1989 in the course of perestroika and democratization in the only relatively free national parliamentary elections in the USSR.
The Soviet Congress of People's Deputies comprised 2250 delegates who were elected as follows:
- 750 representatives were elected according to the electoral system of the Union Soviet of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR , as it had been exercised in 1936–1988 (in territorial constituencies).
- 750 representatives were elected according to the electoral system of the Nationality Soviet of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (in national-territorial constituencies).
- 750 representatives were sent from “public organizations” such as the CPSU , Komsomol and trade unions . The electoral law provided a specific number for each organization and left it up to the organization to decide who to send.
After another constitutional amendment introduced the office of President of the USSR on March 14, 1990, the People's Deputies Congress was able, among other things, to grant or withdraw powers of the President.
The Congress was permanently adjourned on September 5, 1991, by its own resolution, and was dissolved on December 26, 1991 with the end of the Soviet Union .
Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR
The Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federative Socialist Soviet Republic (RSFSR) existed from March 4, 1990 until its dissolution on September 21, 1993 and until it was forcibly broken up on the night of October 4 to 5, 1993. He was re-elected the constitutional amendment of October 27, 1989 on March 4, 1990 in the first relatively free parliamentary elections of the RSFSR (or Russia) after 1917.
He had similar rights (constitutional amendments, important laws) for the RSFSR / Russia as the People's Deputies Congress of the USSR for the entire Soviet Union. So he could z. In 1991, for example, Russian President Boris Yeltsin was allowed to control the local administrators and then withdrew them again.
The unconstitutional dissolution of the Russian Congress of People's Deputies took place on September 21, 1993 in the wake of the Russian constitutional crisis by decree of the then Russian President Yeltsin. At the time, Congress rejected its dissolution, relieved Boris Yeltsin of his office, instead appointed his deputy Ruzkoi as president and barricaded himself in the White House of Moscow (the parliament building). This occupation was ended when the building was bombarded by the military on the night of October 4th to 5th, 1993.
After that, the Russian Congress of People's Deputies, in accordance with the new constitution of December 12, 1993 , was replaced by the Federation Assembly of Russia , consisting of the State Duma and the Federation Council.
Individual evidence
- ^ Vlg. Manfred Hildermeier: The Soviet Union. 1917-1991 . R. Oldenbourg, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-486-56179-0 .
- ↑ Russia without communists? In: Der Spiegel . No. 11 , 1990 ( online ).
- ^ Johannes Baur: Street War in Moscow. In: Spiegel Online. October 15, 2007, accessed December 7, 2014 .