Ivan Petrovich Rybkin

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Ivan Rybkin (2011)

Ivan Petrovich Rybkin ( Russian Иван Петрович Рыбкин , scientific transliteration Ivan Petrovič Rybkin ; born October 20, 1946 in Semigorowka ( Voronezh Oblast )) is a Russian politician. Rybkin was President of the State Duma from 1994 to 1996 . Rybkin turned from an opponent of Russian President Boris Yeltsin to his supporter. In 2004 he ran as an opponent of Vladimir Putin in the Russian presidential election campaign .

education and profession

In 1968 Rybkin graduated from the Agricultural University in Volgograd with a degree in agricultural and forest science and then worked as an engineer in the collective farm Savety Ilyicha. From 1969 to 1970 he did his military service in the Soviet Air Force . In 1970 he returned to the Agricultural University in Volgograd. In 1974 he received a doctorate as a candidate in technical sciences . Until 1981 he became assistant, assistant professor and deputy to the dean. 1981 to 1987 he held a chair at the university. Rybkin's scientific interest was primarily in the automation of breeding farms. In 1991, already in a party career of the CPSU , Rybkin completed additional studies at the diplomatic academy of the Moscow Academy of Social Sciences .

politics

Soviet Union

During Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika , Rybkin switched to politics. From 1987 to 1990 he held the full-time post of First Secretary of the District Committee of the CPSU in his hometown of Volgograd. In 1990, after the fall of the regional party chief, he became the second secretary of the Volgograd regional party committee. In the same year he was appointed to Moscow and head of department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (RSFSR) for relations with parliament. Also in 1990 Rybkin was elected to the Russian parliament and became a member of the Supreme Soviet, where he showed himself to be a side-entry man who was on record and able to compromise without demagogic preferences. Rybkin was involved in the founding of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation .

August coup

After the August putsch and the ban on the CPSU and the KPRF in 1991 by Boris Yeltsin, Rybkin was a founding member and one of the chairmen of the Socialist Party of Working People (SPdW), which advocated moderate reform policies. The SPdW joined the faction of the Communists of Russia in the Supreme Soviet of Russia . Rybkin first welcomed the putschists' attempt to save the Soviet Union, but later felt complicit "because he had not stood up against the unreasonable and irresponsible part of the Communist Party leadership" (Süddeutsche Zeitung, January 17, 1994).

1993 constitutional crisis

After the illegal dissolution of the Russian parliament on September 21, 1993 by President Yeltsin and the subsequent failed coup against him on October 4, 1993 ( Russian constitutional crisis 1993 ), Rybkin became one of the leaders of the newly founded moderate socialist agricultural party .

Russian Parliament

The Agrarian Party received 7.9% of the vote in the Russian parliamentary elections in 1993 on December 12, 1993 and became the fourth strongest party. At the age of 47, Rybkin was elected President of the Duma in a runoff election in 1994 with 223 to 111 votes. His opponent, the ultra-nationalist Yuri Vlasov, only stood up to prevent the reformer Vladimir Lukin from being elected, and in the runoff election called on his supporters to vote for Rybkin. Rybkin, who had previously rejected Yeltsin's policies as too radically reform-oriented, showed himself to be a successful compromise-oriented mediator between President and Parliament, which was dominated by anti-reform and divided national liberals and communists. In his inaugural address to parliament, Rybkin called for an amnesty for the leaders of the coup attempts of 1991 and 1993. With the votes of the far-right and communist opposition, the amnesty (e.g. Ruslan Chasbulatow , Alexander Ruzkoi ) was carried out against the will of Yeltsin. In 1995, Yeltsin appointed the chairmen of the two parliamentary chambers Rybkin (Duma) and Vladimir Shumeiko ( Federation Council ) permanent members of the Security Council of the Russian Federation .

In 1995, Yeltsin propagated the creation of a two-party system based on the American model with the right-centrist electoral bloc Our House Russia , under the leadership of Viktor Chernomyrdin, and a left-centric electoral bloc, under the leadership of Rybkin. Yeltsin's goal was to prune the big extreme parties on the political fringes, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation under Gennady Zyuganov and the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia under Vladimir Zhirinovsky , and to have functional, loyal and non-ideological parties to consolidate his power and the stability of the country to accomplish. In the Russian parliamentary elections in 1995 on December 17, 1995, Rybkin joined the Iwan Rybkin electoral block named after him . Rybkin's party failed at the 5 percent hurdle. Rybkin won a direct mandate in his home region of Voronezh. The strongest parliamentary group with 22.7%, the KPRF , provided the new President of Parliament in Gennadij Selesnjow. In 1996 Rybkin became a co-founder of the People's Socialist Party . In the election as Russian president in 1996 supported Rybkin Yeltsin's successful re-election.

Security Council of the Russian Federation

In October 1996, Yeltsin appointed Rybkin Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation and Special Envoy for Chechnya , whereupon Rybkin resigned from his Duma mandate. He replaced Alexander Lebed in these offices. Under Rybkin, the first Chechen war in 1997 led to a peace treaty that was signed in Moscow on May 12, 1997 by Boris Yeltsin and the Chechen President Aslan Maskhadov . During the negotiations, Rybkov lived up to his nickname “Comrade Consensus” with quiet diplomacy (Spiegel, February 16, 2004). In October 1997, Alexandr Vlasov replaced Rybkin as special envoy for Chechnya, and in March 1998, Andrei Kokoschin replaced him as secretary of the Security Council. In 1998 Rybkin was Deputy Prime Minister for Commonwealth of Independent States until March 23 , when he was dismissed by Prime Minister Chernomyrdin. Rybkin was no longer a member of the following cabinets.

Liberal Russia

After Yeltsin withdrew from politics on December 31, 1999, Rybkin was a prominent critic of the Second Chechen War and the new President Putin. In 2002 Rybkin became a member of the Liberal Russia party of the oligarch and sharp Putin critic Boris Berezovsky . Rybkin was the "mouthpiece" (Schwäbische Zeitung, February 10, 2004) of Berezovsky in Moscow, who fled to London. In the 2003 election to the Russian parliament , Rybkin ran without success with his own list.

2004 presidential election

Rybkin announced his candidacy for the 2004 Russian presidential elections on March 14th in January 2004 ; his poll was 1% without a chance. He described Putin's policy in Chechnya as a “state crime” and declared in an interview “The West should stop supporting Putin's emerging dictatorship” (Handelsblatt January 27, 2004). Rybkin disappeared under mysterious circumstances on February 5, 2004, but reappeared five days later in the Ukrainian capital, Kiev, and returned to Moscow on February 11. Rybkin first reported visiting friends in Ukraine for recreation, but then traveling to Kiev to meet a representative of Chechen President Maskhadov, stating that he had ultimately been kidnapped for his candidacy and under the influence of the drug SP117 psychotropic substance, as well as being filmed with prostitutes under the influence of alcohol in compromising situations. His attempt to continue the election campaign from London “for security reasons” failed after the decision of the Central Election Commission (and a court) not to be allowed to participate in a televised debate via video link. Rybkin declared "I will not participate in this farce" (Interfax), withdrew his candidacy on March 5 and recommended that voters boycott the election.

family

Rybkin is married and has two daughters, Larissa and Ekaterina, with his wife Albina Nikolajewna Rybkina. In his spare time, Rybkin relaxes with gardening and chess.

literature

  • A blow in the life of Iwan R. Kidnapping or pleasure trip? The guesswork around the temporarily missing presidential candidate Rybkin provides a strange moral picture from Putin's empire , Der Spiegel, February 16, 2004, No. 8, p. 102

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Rybkin, Ivan Petrovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Рыбкин, Иван Петрович (Russian); Rybkin, Ivan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian politician, President of the Duma (1994–1996)
DATE OF BIRTH October 20, 1946
PLACE OF BIRTH Semigorovka