Voronezh Oblast

Subject of the Russian Federation Voronezh Oblast Воронежская область flag coat of arms Federal district Central Russia surface 52,216  km² population 2,335,380 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) Population density 45 inhabitants / km² Administrative center Voronezh Official language Russian Ethnic composition Russians (95.5%) Ukrainians (1.9%) (as of 2010) governor Alexander Gusew Founded June 13, 1934 Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone prefixes (+7) 473xx Postcodes 394000-397999 License Plate 36, 136 OKATO 20th ISO 3166-2 RU-VOR Website govvrn.ru

Coordinates: 50 ° 51 '  N , 40 ° 36'  E

The Voronezh Oblast ( Russian Воронежская Область / Voroneschskaja Oblast ) was established in 1934 and is located in southwestern Russia, around 500 to 600 km south of Moscow . The administrative center is the city of Voronezh . The oblast borders on the Russian oblasts of Belgorod , Kursk , Lipetsk , Tambov , Saratov , Volgograd and Rostov and, in the southwest, on the Luhansk Oblast in Ukraine .

Natural space

Voronezh Oblast is located in the center of the Eastern European Plain, north of the Donets Basin . In the west of the area stretches the Central Russian Ridge , in the east - the Oka-Don plain and the Kalach ridge . The northern part of the area is in the forest steppe zone, the southern part - in the steppe zone with predominant black earth soils . On the territory of this area there are 738 lakes, there are 1343 rivers and streams that are over 10 kilometers long. The most important river is the Don , which flows through the oblast in a north-south direction. It flows through the Voronezh region for 530 of its 1870 kilometers total length. The second most important river is the Voronezh . About 10 percent of the territory is covered with forests, with the deciduous forests dominating, including oak , ash , maple and linden trees .

On the territory of the Oblast there are two state nature reserves, the Voronezh Biosphere Reserve and the Chopersky Nature Reserve, with a total area of ​​35,000 hectares .

Climatically, the oblast lies in the zone of the temperate continental climate . In winter, the average temperature is −9 ° C, with predominantly cloudy weather conditions. The mean values ​​in July are +21 ° C, dry, bright weather dominates, with often calm prevailing winds. The growing season lasts between 185 (in the north) and 200 days (in the south). The annual rainfall amounts to an average of 500 mm per square meter.

economy

The area has mineral resources including copper , nickel , titanium and phosphorite .

The Don in Voronezh Oblast

As the leading branch of the economy, industry generates a quarter of the regional gross national product; 22 percent of the working population is employed there. There are 5,450 industrial companies in the oblast, of which around 300 are large and medium-sized companies. The most important branches of industry include aircraft construction (long-haul aircraft such as IL-96 , regional - haul aircraft such as AN-148 ) and the chemical and food processing industries. The fertile black earth soils enable intensive agriculture. The oblast has 3,812,600 hectares of arable land, including 2,916,000 hectares of arable land. Grains, sugar beets and sunflowers are grown, there is also fruit growing and cattle breeding.

Due to its geographical location, the Voronezh Oblast is an important transport and logistics hub in southern central Russia.

history

Voronezh Oblast

The territory of Voronezh Oblast has been inhabited by people (e.g. Scythians , Pechenegs or Khazars ) since the Paleolithic . Since 1240, the area was under the influence of the Golden Horde . After the collapse of the Horde, the area fell to a splinter state of the Golden Horde, the Crimean Khanate , which, together with the Nogaier Horde, ruled large parts of the steppe and undertook regular raids into Russia, during which many slaves were taken. After the gradual displacement of the Crimean Tatars and the further consolidation of the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 16th century, the area became part of the Russian Tsar , which initially established border fortresses against the Crimean Tatars here. From 1708 to 1725 the area belonged to the Azov governorate . In 1711 Voronezh became the capital of this governorate, which was renamed as Voronezh governorate in 1725 . With the construction of railway lines in the 1860s to 1870s, industrialization began in the territory. On May 14, 1928, the region was incorporated into the new Central Black Earth Oblast . This structure was dissolved on June 13, 1934, and part of it became the Voronezh Oblast within its current borders. During the Second World War , part of the area was conquered by the Germans in 1942 ; the front line ran along the Voronezh River. After fierce fighting, the area was liberated in 1943 .

population

In the last Russian censuses in 2002 and 2010, there were a population of 2,378,803 and 2,335,380 residents respectively. The number of inhabitants thus fell by 43,423 people (−1.83%) in these eight years. In 2010, 1,486,571 people lived in cities. This corresponds to 63.65% of the population (in Russia 73.72%). By January 1, 2014, the population decreased further to 2,328,959 people. The distribution of the different ethnic groups was as follows:

Voronezh

Population of the oblast by ethnic group

nationality	VZ 1989	percent	VZ 2002	percent	VZ 2010	percent
Russians	2,304,620	93.43	2,239,524	94.14	2,124,587	90.97
Ukrainians	122,622	4.97	73.716	3.10	43,054	1.84
Armenians	1,865	0.08	8,813	0.37	10,369	0.44
Zigane	3,953	0.16	4,779	0.20	5,153	0.22
Azerbaijanis	3,167	0.13	4.177	0.18	5,085	0.22
Turks	20th	0.00	3,436	0.14	4.210	0.18
Tatars	1,860	0.08	3,486	0.15	3,340	0.14
Belarusians	6.333	0.26	5.013	0.21	3,261	0.14
Moldovans	1,206	0.05	1,400	0.06	2,273	0.10
German	791	0.03	1,958	0.08	1,431	0.06
Jews	3,847	0.16	1,475	0.06	910	0.04
Residents	2,466,661	100.00	2,378,803	100.00	2,335,380	100.00

Note: the proportions refer to the total number of inhabitants. Including the group of people who did not provide any information about their ethnic affiliation (2002 11,857 and 2010 110,749 people)

The population of the area today consists almost entirely of Russians (1939: 3,113,269 of 3,551,329 inhabitants = 87.66%). Other major ethnic groups that have settled there historically or since the early days of the Soviet Union are the Ukrainians (1939: 402,710 people), Jews (1939: 11,105), Russian- Germans (1939: 5,361) and Belarusians (1939: 4,381). After the Second World War, numerous people came from other regions of the Soviet Union. By contrast, tens of thousands of people have immigrated from the North Caucasus, Transcaucasus, Anatolia and Central Asia since 1945. In addition to the nationalities listed above, there are also many Uzbeks (1959: 83; 2010: 1,871 people), Tajiks (1970: 276; 2010: 1,571), Georgians (1959: 399; 2010: 1,431), Chechens (1970: 76; 2010: 1,309 ) and Ossetians (1959: 93; 2010: 764).

Administrative division and largest cities

→ Main article : Administrative divisions of Voronezh Oblast

Voronezh Borisoglebsk Rossosh Liski Ostrogoshsk Novovoronezh Buturlinovka Semiluki Pavlovsk Kalatsch Tambov Oblast Lipetsk Oblast Belgorod Oblast Ukraine Southern Federal District

The Voronezh Oblast is divided into 31 Rajons and 3 urban districts , which are formed by the largest city by far Voronezh as well as Borisoglebsk and Novovoronesch . Other larger cities are Rossosch and Liski (in the Soviet Union Georgiu-Desch after Gheorghiu-Dej ). 63.5 percent of the population lives in the 15 cities and 17 urban-type settlements , 36.5 percent in rural areas.

Biggest cities

city	Surname	Residents (October 14, 2010)
Voronezh	Воронеж	889.680
Borisoglebsk	Borisoglebsk	65,585
Rossosh	Россошь	62,865
Liski	Лиски	55,864
Ostrogoshsk	Острогожск	33,842
Novovoronezh	Нововоронеж	32,635

See also: List of cities in Voronezh Oblast

Education and Research

Higher education in the Voronezh Oblast includes 39 colleges that educate 133,300 students. There are also over 60 science and research institutes.

Web links

Commons : Voronezh Oblast  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Official website of Voronezhskaya Oblast

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Administrativno-territorialʹnoe delenie po subʺektam Rossijskoj Federacii na 1 janvarja 2010 goda (administrative-territorial division according to subjects of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2010). ( Download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
3. ↑ Информационные материалы об окончательных итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года
4. ↑ Nacional'nyj sostav naselenija po sub "ektam Rossijskoj Federacii. (XLS) In: Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Rosstat, accessed on June 30, 2016 (Russian, ethnic composition of the population according to federal subjects , results of the 2010 census).