Oryol Oblast

Subject of the Russian Federation Oryol Oblast Орловская область flag coat of arms Federal district Central Russia surface 24,652  km² population 786,935 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) Population density 32 inhabitants / km² Administrative center Oryol Official language Russian Ethnic composition Russians (96.1%) Ukrainians (1.0%) (as of 2010) governor Vadim Potomski Founded September 27, 1937 Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone prefixes (+7) 486xx Postcodes 302000-303999 License Plate 57 OKATO 54 ISO 3166-2 RU-ORL Website www.adm.orel.ru

Coordinates: 52 ° 48 '  N , 36 ° 25'  E

The Oryol Oblast ( Russian Орловская область / Orlowskaja oblast ) is an oblast in southwestern Russia.

geography

It is located in the southwestern part of the Central Federal District . In the north it borders on the Kaluga and Tula Oblasts , in the west on the Bryansk Oblast , in the south on the Kursk Oblast and in the east on the Lipetsk Oblast .

The extension is 150 km from north to south and 200 km from west to east. Oryol Oblast is one of the smallest areas within Russia. The small oblast lies in the Eastern European Plain , the main river is the Oka , a tributary of the Volga . The climate is temperate continental with average winter temperatures of −8 to −10 degrees Celsius in January and around +18 to 19 degrees Celsius in June.

Fertile black earth soils characterize the area, so that agriculture plays a central role. Accordingly, the food processing industry also dominates the economy.

history

The first cities in the region, Mtsensk , Livny and Novosil , were founded in the 12th century, but Oryol was not founded until 1566. From the 11th to the 14th century the area belonged to the Principality of Chernigov and its successor state, the Principality of Brjansk. Since the Mongol invasion, the Mongols had to pay tribute. This changed suddenly after the Battle of the Irpen in 1321. Despite nominal rule by the Mongols, it came under the influence of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . In contrast to other areas, it did not fall under the direct rule of Lithuania at that time. It was not until 1427 that what was then known as the Principality of Verkhovsk came under the rule of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. After the Russo-Lithuanian War from 1500 to 1503, the region came under the rule of the Grand Duchy of Moscow . Since then it has been an integral part of Russia.

population

In the last Russian censuses in 2002 and 2010, there were a population of 860,262 and 786,935 residents respectively. The number of inhabitants thus fell by 73,327 people (−8.52%) in these eight years. In 2010 518,698 people lived in cities. This corresponds to 65.91% of the population (in Russia 73%). By January 1, 2014, the population decreased further to 769,980 people. The distribution of the different ethnic groups was as follows:

View of the Orlik River in Oryol

Population of the oblast by ethnic group

nationality	VZ 1989	percent	VZ 2002	percent	VZ 2010	percent
Russians	861.901	96.95	820.024	95.32	739.019	93.91
Ukrainians	11,512	1.29	11,212	1.30	7,917	1.01
Armenians	813	0.09	3,507	0.41	3,916	0.50
Azerbaijanis	1,510	0.17	2.125	0.25	2,182	0.28
Belarusians	2,950	0.33	2,438	0.28	1,717	0.22
Kurds	20th	0.00	740	0.09	1,353	0.17
Zigane	895	0.10	989	0.11	1,309	0.17
Tatars	793	0.09	1,417	0.16	1,239	0.16
Chechens	1,020	0.11	1,630	0.19	1,075	0.14
Moldovans	601	0.07	902	0.10	875	0.11
German	411	0.05	888	0.10	662	0.08
Jews	946	0.11	568	0.07	366	0.05
Residents	889.056	100.00	860.262	100.00	786.935	100.00

Note: the proportions refer to the total number of inhabitants. Including the group of people who did not provide any information about their ethnic affiliation (2002 6,052 and 2010 17,468 people)

Apart from a shrinking Ukrainian minority, the area's population is almost entirely Russian. Thousands of people have immigrated from the Transcaucasus, North Caucasus, Anatolia and Central Asia since the end of the Soviet Union. In addition to the nationalities listed above, there are also many Turks (1989: 4; 2010: 769 people), Uzbeks (1989: 277; 2010: 571), Tajiks (1989: 97; 2010: 448) and Yazidis (1989: none; 2010: 396 ).

Administrative divisions and cities

→ Main article : Administrative division of Oryol Oblast

Oryol Oblast is divided into 24 Rajons and three urban districts, which are formed by the administrative center of the Oblast, the only large city of Oryol , and the next larger cities Livny and Mtsensk . There are a total of seven cities and 13 urban-type settlements in the oblast .

The city of Bolchow in winter

Biggest places

City / town Settlement*	Russian	Residents (October 14, 2010)
Oryol	Орёл	317,747
Liwny	Ливны	50,343
Mtsensk	Мценск	43,222
Snamenka *	Знаменка	12.002
Bolchow	Болхов	11,421

See also : List of cities in Oryol Oblast

See also

• Oryol Governorate

Web links

Commons : Oryol Oblast  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Official website of Orlovskaya Oblast

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Administrativno-territorialʹnoe delenie po subʺektam Rossijskoj Federacii na 1 janvarja 2010 goda (administrative-territorial division according to subjects of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2010). ( Download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
3. ↑ Nacional'nyj sostav naselenija po sub "ektam Rossijskoj Federacii. (XLS) In: Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Rosstat, accessed on June 30, 2016 (Russian, ethnic composition of the population according to federal subjects , results of the 2010 census).