Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Federal district	Ural
surface	769,250 km²
population	522,904 inhabitants ; (as of October 14, 2010)
Population density	0.7 inhabitants / km²
Administrative center	Salekhard
Official languages	Nenzisch , Russian
Ethnic ; composition	Russians (59.7%) ; Ukrainians (9.4%) ; Nenets (5.7%) ; Tatars (5.5%) ; (as of 2010)
governor	Dmitri Kobylkin
Founded	December 10, 1930
Time zone	UTC + 5
Telephone prefixes	(+7) 349xx
Postcodes	629000-629999
License Plate	89
OKATO	71 140
ISO 3166-2	RU-YAN
Website	www.yanao.ru

67.9 75.5Coordinates: 67 ° 54 ' N , 75 ° 30' E

The Autonomous circuit Yamalia ( Russian Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ / Jamalo-Nenezki awtonomny okrug ; Nenets Ямалы-Ненёцие автономной ӈокрук / Jamaly-Nenjozije awtonomnoi njokruk ) is a management unit ( autonomous circle ) in the north of Russia .

geography

The autonomous district is located in the north of the West Siberian lowlands on the Kara Sea , a tributary of the Arctic Ocean . The Ob flows through the Autonomous District and flows into a huge estuary , the Obbusen . This forms the Jamal Peninsula and the Gydan Peninsula . Other important rivers are the Tas and Pur .

population

Like many regions in northern Russia, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is extremely sparsely populated. The indigenous population makes up only 9% and consists of the titular nation of the Nenets , a Samoyed people, of Chanten , Komi and Selkupen , some of which have retained their traditional way of life and culture to this day. The Russians make up the majority of the population in this administrative district. Because of the huge natural gas and oil reserves , hundreds of thousands of people have immigrated since 1970. While numerous Ukrainians , Belarusians and Moldovans returned to their homeland after the end of the Soviet Union , numerous people continued to immigrate from Azerbaijan and all parts of Russia. In 2010 there were also 4466 (= 0.85%) Kumyks and 3479 (= 0.67%) Nogaians .

Ethnic group	VZ 1939		VZ 1959		VZ 1970		VZ 1979		VZ 1989		VZ 2002		VZ 2010 ¹
Ethnic group	number	%	number	%	number	%	number	%	number	%	number	%	number	%
Nenets	13,454	29.3%	13,977	22.4%	17,538	21.9%	17,404	11.0%	20,917	4.2%	26,435	5.2%	29,772	5.7%
Russians	19.308	42.1%	27,789	44.6%	37,518	46.9%	93,750	59.0%	292,808	59.2%	298,359	58.8%	312.019	59.7%
Ukrainians	395	0.9%	1.921	3.1%	3,026	3.8%	15,721	9.9%	85.022	17.2%	66,080	13.0%	48,985	9.4%
Tatars	1,636	3.6%	3,952	6.3%	4,653	5.8%	8,556	5.4%	26,431	5.3%	27,734	5.5%	28,509	5.5%
Chanting	5,367	11.7%	5,519	8.9%	6,513	8.1%	6,466	4.1%	7,247	1.5%	8,760	1.7%	9,489	1.8%
Azerbaijanis	0	0.0%	0	0.0%	28	0.0%	308	0.2%	3,418	0.7%	8,353	1.6%	9,291	1.8%
Bashkirs	5	0.0%	25th	0.0%	113	0.1%	871	0.5%	6,830	1.4%	7,933	1.6%	8,297	1.6%
Belarusians	74	0.2%	388	0.6%	808	1.0%	2.121	1.3%	12,609	2.5%	8,989	1.8%	6,480	1.2%
Komi	4,722	10.3%	4,866	7.8%	5,445	6.8%	5,642	3.6%	5,746	1.2%	6,177	1.2%	5.141	1.0%
Moldovans	1	0.0%	211	0.3%	191	0.2%	537	0.3%	5,570	1.1%	5,400	1.1%	4,712	0.9%
Tschuwaschen	43	0.1%	233	0.4%	255	0.3%	875	0.6%	3,657	0.7%	3,730	0.7%	3,471	0.7%
Selcup	87 ²	0.2%	1245	2.0%	1,710	2.1%	1.611	1.0%	1,530	0.3%	1,797	0.4%	1,988	0.4%
German	101	0.2%	957	1.5%	679	0.8%	1,026	0.6%	3,188	0.6%	2,584	0.5%	1,847	0.4%
Other	647	1.4%	1,251	2.0%	1,500	1.9%	3,956	2.5%	19,871	4.0%	34,675	6.8%	52.903	10.1%
Residents	45,840	100%	62,334	100%	79,977	100%	158,844	100%	494,844	100%	507.006	100%	522.904	100%
¹ 17,517 people could not be assigned to any ethnic group. These people are probably distributed in the same proportion as the ethnically classified inhabitants. ² probably not all listed under their nationality.

history

Around 3000 BC The first settlements arose on Ob and Tas , and it was not until about 1000 years later that the South Siberian Samoyed immigrated to the area and mingled with the already resident peoples to form the new Nenets. First relationships with the principalities in the west may have existed as early as the 13th century, but from 1500 onwards, Russian traders also advanced inland. In 1595, today's capital Salekhard was founded as Obdorsk by Cossacks . The Yamal Autonomous District ( Nenets "end of the country") has existed since December 10, 1930. The governor of the Autonomous Okrug is Dmitri Kobylkin .

economy

The most important branch of the economy is natural gas and oil production . In the Nojabrsk area, for example, the oil company Gazprom Neft , which formerly belonged to the oligarch Roman Abramovich , dominates. Some of the world's largest natural gas reserves are located on the Yamal Peninsula , with 90% of the gas reserves and 12% of the available oil condensate reserves in Russia in the region. These have been exploited by the state company Gazprom for a few years .

The traditional industries of the indigenous population are reindeer herding , hunting and fishing . These are badly affected by the effects of oil and gas production, as the gas and oil industries take over large territories and destroy or cut up grazing areas on a large scale. Almost 70 percent of the oil disasters in Russia are recorded in the autonomous districts of Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamal-Nenets, where around 60 percent of Russian oil is extracted (see also: Oil spill in Western Siberia ) . The more intact areas are therefore often overgrazed; around 700,000 reindeer are kept in the area, which is also characterized by the impoverishment of the tundra vegetation: According to researchers, by 2018 “six percent of the tundra had literally turned into desert ”.

Today the district is one of the northernmost industrial areas in Russia with its oil and gas production. It has cultural and tourist resources that are based on a partly unspoiled landscape and the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous peoples.

Administrative division

Division into Rajons

The Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is divided into seven Rajons and six urban districts . A total of 6 urban and 36 rural municipalities (correspond to gorodskoje posselenije and selskoje posselenije ) are subordinate to the Rajons . The municipalities each only include the eponymous location, the rural municipalities a total of 71 locations (as of 2015). In addition, there are eight towns in the Jamalski, Nadymski, Purowski and Tasowki districts in a community-free area (meschselennaja territorija), including the largest Tibei-Sale in Tasowski and Jamburg in Nadymski rajon.

City districts

	Urban district	Residents	Area (km²)	Population density (inh / km²)	Urban population	Rural population	Number of urban settlements	Number of rural settlements
I.	Gubkinski	23,499	710	33	23,499	-	1	-
II	Labytnangi	26,991	171	158	26,991	-	1	-
III	Muravlenko	37,307	91	410	37,307	-	1	-
V	Nojabrsk	110,960	1093	102	110,960	-	1	-
IV	Novy Urengoy	119,624	342	350	119,624	-	1	-
VI	Salekhard	43,546	19th	2292	43,414	132	1	1

Rajons

	Rajon	Residents	Area (km²)	Population density (inh / km²)	Urban population	Rural population	Administrative headquarters	More places	Number of urban communities	Number of rural communities
7th	Jamalsky	16,640	117,400	0.14	-	16,640	Jar sale		-	6th
1	Krasnoselkupski	6,303	106,300	0.06	-	6,303	Krasnoselkup		-	3
2	Nadymski	68,320	104,200	0.66	59.052	9,268	Nadym	Pangody , Sapolyarny	3	6th
3	Priuralsky	15,894	64,200	0.25	6,950	8,944	Aksarka	Charp	1	3
4th	Purowski	49,827	106,000	0.47	29,546	20,281	Tarko sale	Urengoy	2	6th
6th	Shuryschkarsky	10,017	54,000	0.19	-	10,017	pussy		-	7th
5	Tasowski	17,598	137,400	0.13	6,792	10,806	Tasowski		-	5

Remarks:

↑ ^a ^b number of the district / district (in alphabetical order of the names in Russian )
^ Urban-type settlements or municipalities

Cities and urban settlements

There are eight cities (name shown in bold ) and four urban-type settlements (SsT, as of 2019) in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Six cities had urban-type settlement status before they were granted city rights:

Surname	Russian name	Rajon / urban district	Residents (October 14, 2010)	SsT since	City rights since
Charp	Харп	Priuralsky	6,413	198x	-
Gubkinski	Губкинский	Gubkinski (urban district)	23,335	1986	1996
Labytnangi	Лабытнанги	Labytnangi (city district)	26,936	1952	1975
Muravlenko	Муравленко	Muravlenko (urban district)	33,391	1984	1990
Nadym	Надым	Nadymski	46,611	-	1972
Nojabrsk	Ноябрьск	Nojabrsk (urban district)	110,620	1979	1982
Novy Urengoy	Новый Уренгой	Novy Urengoy (urban district)	104.107	-	1980
Pangody	Пангоды	Nadymski	10,805	1979	-
Salekhard	Салехард	Salekhard (city district)	42,544	1933	1938
Sapolyarny	Заполярный	Nadymski	1,024	1998	-
Tarko sale	Тарко-Сале	Purowski	20,398	1976	2004
Urengoy	Уренгой	Purowski	10,066	1979	-

Former urban-type settlements on the territory of the Autonomous Okrug are:

Tasowski , administrative center of Tasowski district , urban-type settlement since 1964, rural settlement again since 2012 (possjolok)
Korottschajewo and Limbjajacha (since 1982 and 1988 respectively), incorporated into Novy Urengoy in 2004
Stary Nadym (since 1979), merged with Nadym in 2004

Web links

Commons : Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Website of the government of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Individual evidence

↑ Administrativno-territorialʹnoe delenie po subʺektam Rossijskoj Federacii na 1 janvarja 2010 goda (administrative-territorial division according to subjects of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2010). ( Download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
↑ ^a ^b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
↑ Nacional'nyj sostav naselenija po sub "ektam Rossijskoj Federacii. (XLS) In: Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Rosstat, accessed on June 30, 2016 (Russian, ethnic composition of the population according to federal subjects , results of the 2010 census).
^ Population of Russian territorial units by nationality 2010 (Russian; lines 800–817) http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/per-itog/tab7.xls
↑ Julia Ponomarewa: Leaks in Russian oil pipelines . In: Russia beyond the headlines - rbth.com in The Moscow News of August 30, 2012.
↑ Tatjana Britskaya: На берегу мора. In: Novaya Gazeta. May 25, 2018, Retrieved March 25, 2019 (Russian).
↑ ^a ^b Population figures 2010 at the Federal Service for State Statistics of Russia (calculation as of January 1; Excel file; 562 kB)