Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Subject of the Russian Federation
Yamalo-Nenets
Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ ( Russian ) Ямалы-Ненёцие автономной ӈокрук ( Nenets )
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Coordinates: 67 ° 54 ' N , 75 ° 30' E
The Autonomous circuit Yamalia ( Russian Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ / Jamalo-Nenezki awtonomny okrug ; Nenets Ямалы-Ненёцие автономной ӈокрук / Jamaly-Nenjozije awtonomnoi njokruk ) is a management unit ( autonomous circle ) in the north of Russia .
geography
The autonomous district is located in the north of the West Siberian lowlands on the Kara Sea , a tributary of the Arctic Ocean . The Ob flows through the Autonomous District and flows into a huge estuary , the Obbusen . This forms the Jamal Peninsula and the Gydan Peninsula . Other important rivers are the Tas and Pur .
population
Like many regions in northern Russia, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is extremely sparsely populated. The indigenous population makes up only 9% and consists of the titular nation of the Nenets , a Samoyed people, of Chanten , Komi and Selkupen , some of which have retained their traditional way of life and culture to this day. The Russians make up the majority of the population in this administrative district. Because of the huge natural gas and oil reserves , hundreds of thousands of people have immigrated since 1970. While numerous Ukrainians , Belarusians and Moldovans returned to their homeland after the end of the Soviet Union , numerous people continued to immigrate from Azerbaijan and all parts of Russia. In 2010 there were also 4466 (= 0.85%) Kumyks and 3479 (= 0.67%) Nogaians .
Ethnic group | VZ 1939 | VZ 1959 | VZ 1970 | VZ 1979 | VZ 1989 | VZ 2002 | VZ 2010 1 | |||||||||
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number | % | number | % | number | % | number | % | number | % | number | % | number | % | |||
Nenets | 13,454 | 29.3% | 13,977 | 22.4% | 17,538 | 21.9% | 17,404 | 11.0% | 20,917 | 4.2% | 26,435 | 5.2% | 29,772 | 5.7% | ||
Russians | 19.308 | 42.1% | 27,789 | 44.6% | 37,518 | 46.9% | 93,750 | 59.0% | 292,808 | 59.2% | 298,359 | 58.8% | 312.019 | 59.7% | ||
Ukrainians | 395 | 0.9% | 1.921 | 3.1% | 3,026 | 3.8% | 15,721 | 9.9% | 85.022 | 17.2% | 66,080 | 13.0% | 48,985 | 9.4% | ||
Tatars | 1,636 | 3.6% | 3,952 | 6.3% | 4,653 | 5.8% | 8,556 | 5.4% | 26,431 | 5.3% | 27,734 | 5.5% | 28,509 | 5.5% | ||
Chanting | 5,367 | 11.7% | 5,519 | 8.9% | 6,513 | 8.1% | 6,466 | 4.1% | 7,247 | 1.5% | 8,760 | 1.7% | 9,489 | 1.8% | ||
Azerbaijanis | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 28 | 0.0% | 308 | 0.2% | 3,418 | 0.7% | 8,353 | 1.6% | 9,291 | 1.8% | ||
Bashkirs | 5 | 0.0% | 25th | 0.0% | 113 | 0.1% | 871 | 0.5% | 6,830 | 1.4% | 7,933 | 1.6% | 8,297 | 1.6% | ||
Belarusians | 74 | 0.2% | 388 | 0.6% | 808 | 1.0% | 2.121 | 1.3% | 12,609 | 2.5% | 8,989 | 1.8% | 6,480 | 1.2% | ||
Komi | 4,722 | 10.3% | 4,866 | 7.8% | 5,445 | 6.8% | 5,642 | 3.6% | 5,746 | 1.2% | 6,177 | 1.2% | 5.141 | 1.0% | ||
Moldovans | 1 | 0.0% | 211 | 0.3% | 191 | 0.2% | 537 | 0.3% | 5,570 | 1.1% | 5,400 | 1.1% | 4,712 | 0.9% | ||
Tschuwaschen | 43 | 0.1% | 233 | 0.4% | 255 | 0.3% | 875 | 0.6% | 3,657 | 0.7% | 3,730 | 0.7% | 3,471 | 0.7% | ||
Selcup | 87 2 | 0.2% | 1245 | 2.0% | 1,710 | 2.1% | 1.611 | 1.0% | 1,530 | 0.3% | 1,797 | 0.4% | 1,988 | 0.4% | ||
German | 101 | 0.2% | 957 | 1.5% | 679 | 0.8% | 1,026 | 0.6% | 3,188 | 0.6% | 2,584 | 0.5% | 1,847 | 0.4% | ||
Other | 647 | 1.4% | 1,251 | 2.0% | 1,500 | 1.9% | 3,956 | 2.5% | 19,871 | 4.0% | 34,675 | 6.8% | 52.903 | 10.1% | ||
Residents | 45,840 | 100% | 62,334 | 100% | 79,977 | 100% | 158,844 | 100% | 494,844 | 100% | 507.006 | 100% | 522.904 | 100% | ||
1 17,517 people could not be assigned to any ethnic group. These people are probably distributed in the same proportion as the ethnically classified inhabitants.
2 probably not all listed under their nationality.
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history
Around 3000 BC The first settlements arose on Ob and Tas , and it was not until about 1000 years later that the South Siberian Samoyed immigrated to the area and mingled with the already resident peoples to form the new Nenets. First relationships with the principalities in the west may have existed as early as the 13th century, but from 1500 onwards, Russian traders also advanced inland. In 1595, today's capital Salekhard was founded as Obdorsk by Cossacks . The Yamal Autonomous District ( Nenets "end of the country") has existed since December 10, 1930. The governor of the Autonomous Okrug is Dmitri Kobylkin .
economy
The most important branch of the economy is natural gas and oil production . In the Nojabrsk area, for example, the oil company Gazprom Neft , which formerly belonged to the oligarch Roman Abramovich , dominates. Some of the world's largest natural gas reserves are located on the Yamal Peninsula , with 90% of the gas reserves and 12% of the available oil condensate reserves in Russia in the region. These have been exploited by the state company Gazprom for a few years .
The traditional industries of the indigenous population are reindeer herding , hunting and fishing . These are badly affected by the effects of oil and gas production, as the gas and oil industries take over large territories and destroy or cut up grazing areas on a large scale. Almost 70 percent of the oil disasters in Russia are recorded in the autonomous districts of Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamal-Nenets, where around 60 percent of Russian oil is extracted (see also: Oil spill in Western Siberia ) . The more intact areas are therefore often overgrazed; around 700,000 reindeer are kept in the area, which is also characterized by the impoverishment of the tundra vegetation: According to researchers, by 2018 “six percent of the tundra had literally turned into desert ”.
Today the district is one of the northernmost industrial areas in Russia with its oil and gas production. It has cultural and tourist resources that are based on a partly unspoiled landscape and the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous peoples.
Administrative division
The Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is divided into seven Rajons and six urban districts . A total of 6 urban and 36 rural municipalities (correspond to gorodskoje posselenije and selskoje posselenije ) are subordinate to the Rajons . The municipalities each only include the eponymous location, the rural municipalities a total of 71 locations (as of 2015). In addition, there are eight towns in the Jamalski, Nadymski, Purowski and Tasowki districts in a community-free area (meschselennaja territorija), including the largest Tibei-Sale in Tasowski and Jamburg in Nadymski rajon.
City districts
Urban district | Residents | Area (km²) |
Population density (inh / km²) |
Urban population |
Rural population |
Number of urban settlements |
Number of rural settlements |
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I. | Gubkinski | 23,499 | 710 | 33 | 23,499 | - | 1 | - |
II | Labytnangi | 26,991 | 171 | 158 | 26,991 | - | 1 | - |
III | Muravlenko | 37,307 | 91 | 410 | 37,307 | - | 1 | - |
V | Nojabrsk | 110,960 | 1093 | 102 | 110,960 | - | 1 | - |
IV | Novy Urengoy | 119,624 | 342 | 350 | 119,624 | - | 1 | - |
VI | Salekhard | 43,546 | 19th | 2292 | 43,414 | 132 | 1 | 1 |
Rajons
Rajon | Residents | Area (km²) |
Population density (inh / km²) |
Urban population |
Rural population |
Administrative headquarters | More places | Number of urban communities |
Number of rural communities |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7th | Jamalsky | 16,640 | 117,400 | 0.14 | - | 16,640 | Jar sale | - | 6th | |
1 | Krasnoselkupski | 6,303 | 106,300 | 0.06 | - | 6,303 | Krasnoselkup | - | 3 | |
2 | Nadymski | 68,320 | 104,200 | 0.66 | 59.052 | 9,268 | Nadym | Pangody , Sapolyarny | 3 | 6th |
3 | Priuralsky | 15,894 | 64,200 | 0.25 | 6,950 | 8,944 | Aksarka | Charp | 1 | 3 |
4th | Purowski | 49,827 | 106,000 | 0.47 | 29,546 | 20,281 | Tarko sale | Urengoy | 2 | 6th |
6th | Shuryschkarsky | 10,017 | 54,000 | 0.19 | - | 10,017 | pussy | - | 7th | |
5 | Tasowski | 17,598 | 137,400 | 0.13 | 6,792 | 10,806 | Tasowski | - | 5 |
Remarks:
- ↑ a b number of the district / district (in alphabetical order of the names in Russian )
- ^ Urban-type settlements or municipalities
Cities and urban settlements
There are eight cities (name shown in bold ) and four urban-type settlements (SsT, as of 2019) in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Six cities had urban-type settlement status before they were granted city rights:
Surname | Russian name | Rajon / urban district | Residents (October 14, 2010) |
SsT since |
City rights since |
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Charp | Харп | Priuralsky | 6,413 | 198x | - |
Gubkinski | Губкинский | Gubkinski (urban district) | 23,335 | 1986 | 1996 |
Labytnangi | Лабытнанги | Labytnangi (city district) | 26,936 | 1952 | 1975 |
Muravlenko | Муравленко | Muravlenko (urban district) | 33,391 | 1984 | 1990 |
Nadym | Надым | Nadymski | 46,611 | - | 1972 |
Nojabrsk | Ноябрьск | Nojabrsk (urban district) | 110,620 | 1979 | 1982 |
Novy Urengoy | Новый Уренгой | Novy Urengoy (urban district) | 104.107 | - | 1980 |
Pangody | Пангоды | Nadymski | 10,805 | 1979 | - |
Salekhard | Салехард | Salekhard (city district) | 42,544 | 1933 | 1938 |
Sapolyarny | Заполярный | Nadymski | 1,024 | 1998 | - |
Tarko sale | Тарко-Сале | Purowski | 20,398 | 1976 | 2004 |
Urengoy | Уренгой | Purowski | 10,066 | 1979 | - |
Former urban-type settlements on the territory of the Autonomous Okrug are:
- Tasowski , administrative center of Tasowski district , urban-type settlement since 1964, rural settlement again since 2012 (possjolok)
- Korottschajewo and Limbjajacha (since 1982 and 1988 respectively), incorporated into Novy Urengoy in 2004
- Stary Nadym (since 1979), merged with Nadym in 2004
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Administrativno-territorialʹnoe delenie po subʺektam Rossijskoj Federacii na 1 janvarja 2010 goda (administrative-territorial division according to subjects of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2010). ( Download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ Nacional'nyj sostav naselenija po sub "ektam Rossijskoj Federacii. (XLS) In: Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Rosstat, accessed on June 30, 2016 (Russian, ethnic composition of the population according to federal subjects , results of the 2010 census).
- ^ Population of Russian territorial units by nationality 2010 (Russian; lines 800–817) http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/per-itog/tab7.xls
- ↑ Julia Ponomarewa: Leaks in Russian oil pipelines . In: Russia beyond the headlines - rbth.com in The Moscow News of August 30, 2012.
- ↑ Tatjana Britskaya: На берегу мора. In: Novaya Gazeta. May 25, 2018, Retrieved March 25, 2019 (Russian).
- ↑ a b Population figures 2010 at the Federal Service for State Statistics of Russia (calculation as of January 1; Excel file; 562 kB)