Orenburg Oblast

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Subject of the Russian Federation
Orenburg Oblast
Оренбургская область
flag coat of arms
flag
coat of arms
Federal district Volga
surface 123,702  km²
population 2,033,072 inhabitants
(as of October 14, 2010)
Population density 16 inhabitants / km²
Administrative center Orenburg
Official language Russian
Ethnic
composition 		Russians (73.9%)
Tatars (7.6%)
Kazakhs (5.8%)
Ukrainians (3.5%)
Bashkirs (2.4%)
Mordvins (2.4%)
(as of 2002)
governor Yuri Berg
Founded December 7, 1934
Time zone UTC + 5
Telephone prefixes (+7) 353xx
Postcodes 460000-462999
License Plate 56
OKATO 53
ISO 3166-2 RU-ORE
Website www.orb.ru
Iran Turkmenistan China Kasachstan Usbekistan Mongolei Japan Nordkorea China Norwegen Dänemark Deutschland Schweden Vereinigte Staaten Finnland Kirgisistan Georgien Türkei Armenien Aserbaidschan Ukraine Polen Litauen Lettland Estland Weißrussland Norwegen Oblast Sachalin Region Kamtschatka Jüdische Autonome Oblast Region Primorje Region Chabarowsk Tuwa Chakassien Oblast Kemerowo Republik Altai Region Altai Oblast Nowosibirsk Oblast Omsk Oblast Tjumen Oblast Tomsk Burjatien Region Transbaikalien Oblast Amur Oblast Magadan Autonomer Kreis der Tschuktschen Oblast Irkutsk Sacha Region Krasnojarsk Autonomer Kreis der Jamal-Nenzen Autonomer Kreis der Chanten und Mansen/Jugra Oblast Swerdlowsk Oblast Tscheljabinsk Oblast Kurgan Oblast Orenburg Autonomer Kreis der Nenzen Republik Komi Baschkortostan Region Perm Oblast Wologda Republik Karelien Oblast Murmansk Oblast Archangelsk Oblast Kaliningrad Sankt Petersburg Oblast Leningrad Tatarstan Udmurtien Oblast Kirow Oblast Kostroma Oblast Samara Oblast Pskow Oblast Twer Oblast Nowgorod Oblast Jaroslawl Oblast Smolensk Moskau Oblast Moskau Oblast Wladimir Oblast Iwanowo Mari El Tschuwaschien Mordwinien Oblast Pensa Oblast Nischni Nowgorod Oblast Uljanowsk Oblast Saratow Oblast Brjansk Oblast Kaluga Oblast Tula Oblast Rjasan Oblast Orjol Oblast Lipezk Oblast Woronesch Oblast Belgorod Oblast Kursk Oblast Tambow Oblast Wolgograd Oblast Rostow Oblast Astrachan Kalmückien Dagestan Adygeja Region Krasnodar Karatschai-Tscherkessien Kabardino-Balkarien Region Stawropol Nordossetien-Alanien Inguschetien TschetschenienSituation in Russia
About this picture

Coordinates: 52 ° 0 ′  N , 55 ° 30 ′  E

The Orenburg ( Russian Оренбургская область / Orenburgskaja oblast ) is an oblast in southern Russia . However, the region is framed both north and south by republics of other peoples and represents part of a "Russian settlement belt" on the way to Asia .

geography

In the south of the Orenburg Oblast there is a very long border with Kazakhstan . It is bordered by Samara Oblast to the west and Chelyabinsk Oblast to the east . To the north and north-east, finally, is Bashkortostan , a small shared border piece runs north to the autonomous Republic of Tatarstan .

The oblast comprises the southern foothills of the Ural Mountains , the most important river is the Ural River .

history

The Orenburg governorate had been an administrative unit of the Russian Empire since 1744 and belonged to the Kazakh ASSR within Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1925 . On May 14, 1928, the Orenburg governorate was dissolved. From 1938 to 1957, Orenburg Oblast was referred to as Chkalov Oblast in memory of the Soviet pilot of the same name .

economy

The most important branches of industry in the region are oil and gas production and the refining of crude oil.

population

In the last Russian censuses in 2002 and 2010, there were a population of 2,179,551 and 2,033,072 residents respectively. The number of inhabitants thus fell by 146,479 people (−6.72%) in these eight years. In 2010, 1,213,937 people lived in cities. This corresponds to 59.71% of the population (in Russia 73%). By January 1, 2014, the population decreased further to 2,008,566 people. The distribution of the different ethnic groups was as follows:

View of the Sakmara River
Population of the oblast by ethnic group
nationality VZ 1989 percent VZ 2002 percent VZ 2010 percent
Russians 1,568,442 72.26 1,611,509 73.94 1,519,525 74.74
Tatars 158,564 7.30 165.967 7.61 151,492 7.45
Kazakhs 111,477 5.14 125,568 5.76 120,262 5.92
Ukrainians 102.017 4.70 76,921 3.53 49,610 2.44
Bashkirs 53,339 2.46 52,685 2.42 46,696 2.30
Mordwinen 68,879 3.17 52,458 2.41 38,682 1.90
Tschuwaschen 21,454 0.99 17,221 0.79 12,492 0.61
German 47,556 2.19 18,055 0.83 12,165 0.60
Armenians 2,055 0.09 10,574 0.49 10,547 0.52
Azerbaijanis 3,398 0.16 7,802 0.36 7,421 0.37
Belarusians 10,803 0.50 9,182 0.42 5,590 0.27
Residents 2,170,692 100.00 2,179,551 100.00 2,033,072 100.00

Note: the proportions refer to the total number of inhabitants. Including the group of people who did not provide any information about their ethnic affiliation (2002 2,854 and 2010 30,449 people)

The area's population is around 75% Russian. The Tatars, Kazakhs, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Mordvins, Chuvashes and Russian-Germans are the most important ethnic minorities in Orenburg Oblast. The number of Ukrainians, Mordvines, Chuvashes, Russian Germans and Belarusians is falling sharply, however. Exceptions among the largest ethnic groups are the Tatars, Kazakhs and Bashkirs, whose numbers are only increasing or decreasing slightly. Tens of thousands of people have immigrated from the Transcaucasus and Central Asia since the end of the Soviet Union. In addition to the nationalities listed above, there are also many Uzbeks (1989: 1,746; 2010: 4,964) and Tajiks (1989: 411; 2010: 4,093 people).

In addition, a small minority of Russian Germans still live in the oblast. They colonize (or settled prior to their emigration to Germany ) especially the border with Kazakhstan around sol-iletsk and Rajons Krasnogwardeiski (colony Neu Samara ), Alexandrowka and Nowosergijewka in the northwestern part of the oblast.

religion

Catholic parishes exist in Buguruslan , Orenburg and Orsk . They belong to the diocese of St. Clement in Saratov .

Administrative divisions and cities

Orenburg Oblast is divided into 35 Rajons and nine urban districts . One of the city districts is the “ closed city ” (SATO; with the status of an urban-type settlement ) Komarowski . In total there are twelve in the oblast cities , including in addition to the administrative center of Orenburg , as another major city Orsk and Novotroitsk , Buzuluk and Buguruslan . The only major city in the oblast besides Orenburg itself is the mining town of Orsk in the far east of the oblast. Other cities are Novotroitsk, Buzuluk and Sol-Ilezk .

The State Playhouse in Orenburg

f1Georeferencing Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap

Cities and urban settlements
City / town Settlement* Russian City district / Rajon Residents
(October 14, 2010) 		coat of arms location
Abdulino Абдулино Abdulino 20.173   53 ° 41 '  N , 53 ° 39'  E
Buguruslan Бугуруслан Urban district 49,741 Coat of Arms of Buguruslan (Orenburg oblast) (1982) .png 53 ° 37 '  N , 52 ° 25'  E
Buzuluk Бузулук Urban district 82.904 Buzuluk COA (Samara Governorate) (1782) .png 52 ° 46 '  N , 52 ° 16'  E
Gai Гай Urban district 38,301 Gay Coat of Arms.png 51 ° 28 '  N , 58 ° 27'  E
Jasny Ясный Jasny 17,363   51 ° 2 '  N , 59 ° 52'  E
Komarowski * Komarovsky City District ( SATO ) 8,064 Coat of Arms of Komarovsky (Orenburg oblast) .png 51 ° 2 '  N , 59 ° 52'  E
Kuwandyk Кувандык Kuwandyk 26,169 Coat of Arms of Kuvandyk (Orenburg oblast) .png 51 ° 29 '  N , 57 ° 21'  E
Mednogorsk Медногорск Urban district 27,292 Mednogorsk coat of arms.png 51 ° 24 '  N , 57 ° 35'  E
Novotroitsk Новотроицк Urban district 98.173 Coat of Arms of Novotroitsk (Orenburg oblast) .png 51 ° 12 '  N , 58 ° 18'  E
Orenburg Оренбург Urban district 548.331 Coat of Arms of Orenburg.png 51 ° 46 '  N , 55 ° 6'  E
Orsk Орск Urban district 239,800 Coat of Arms of Orsk (Russia) .jpg 51 ° 12 '  N , 58 ° 34'  E
Sol-Ilezk Соль-Илецк Sol-Ilezk 28,377   51 ° 10 '  N , 54 ° 59'  E
Sorochinsk Сорочинск Urban district 29,249 Coat of Arms of Sorochinsk (Orenburg oblast) .gif 52 ° 26 '  N , 53 ° 9'  E

Web links

Commons : Orenburg Oblast  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Administrativno-territorialʹnoe delenie po subʺektam Rossijskoj Federacii na 1 janvarja 2010 goda (administrative-territorial division according to subjects of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2010). ( Download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
  2. ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)