Sverdlovsk Oblast

Subject of the Russian Federation Sverdlovsk Oblast Свердловская область flag coat of arms Federal district Ural surface 194,307  km² population 4,297,747 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) Population density 22 inhabitants / km² Administrative center Ekaterinburg Official language Russian Ethnic composition Russians (89.2%) Tatars (3.7%) Ukrainians (1.2%) (as of 2002) governor Yevgeny Kuiwaschew (since 2012) Founded January 17, 1934 Time zone UTC + 5 Telephone prefixes (+7) 343xx Postcodes 620000-624999 License Plate 66, 96, 196 OKATO 65 ISO 3166-2 RU-SVE Website www.midural.ru

Coordinates: 59 ° 3 '  N , 62 ° 0'  E

The Sverdlovsk Oblast ( Russian: Свердловская область / Sverdlovskaja oblast ) is an oblast in Russia . In contrast to the capital Yekaterinburg , it has retained its name from the time of the Soviet Union. It is the most populous oblast in the Asian part of Russia.

location

Most of the oblast lies on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains and encompasses the West Siberian lowlands .

history

The history of Russian settlement in the region began towards the end of the 16th century. In 1598, Verkhoturye was founded as one of the first cities on the other side of the Urals, and in 1723 today's Oblast Center Yekaterinburg. From 1708 it was part of the Siberian governorate . From 1781 to 1919 the area of ​​today's Oblast belonged to the Perm Governorate . On July 15, 1919, the Yekaterinburg Governorate was created from the parts of the Perm Governorate east of the Urals. From November 3, 1923 to January 17, 1934, it was located within the Ural Oblast, which was newly established in 1923. The Sverdlovsk Oblast has existed since 1934, from which the Perm Oblast was separated in 1938 . Since then there have been no more area changes.

The governor from 1994 to 2009 was Eduard Rossel . Alexander Mischarin was governor between 2009 and 2012 . On May 29, 2012, Yevgeny Kuivashev took over from Misharin.

population

The last Russian censuses in 2002 and 2010 showed a population of 4,486,214 and 4,297,747 residents, respectively. The number of inhabitants thus fell by 188,467 people (−4.20%) in these eight years. In 2010, 3,604,012 people lived in cities. This corresponds to 83.86% of the population (in Russia 73%). By January 1, 2014, however, the population rose again to 4,320,677 people. The distribution of the different ethnic groups was as follows:

The Tura at Verkhoturye

Population of the oblast by ethnic group

nationality	VZ 1989	percent	VZ 2002	percent	VZ 2010	percent
Russians	4,176,948	88.74	4,002,974	89.23	3,684,843	85.74
Tatars	183,781	3.90	168.163	3.75	143,803	3.35
Ukrainians	82,215	1.75	55,478	1.24	35,563	0.83
Bashkirs	41,500	0.88	37,296	0.83	31,183	0.73
Mari	31,297	0.66	27,863	0.62	23,801	0.55
German	31,461	0.67	22,540	0.50	14,914	0.35
Azerbaijanis	7,290	0.15	15171	0.34	14,215	0.33
Udmurten	23,610	0.50	17,903	0.40	13,789	0.32
Belarusians	28,879	0.61	18,541	0.41	11,670	0.27
Armenians	3,684	0.08	11.093	0.25	11,501	0.27
Tajiks	1,427	0.03	6.125	0.14	11,138	0.26
Uzbeks	4,581	0.10	3,836	0.09	9,358	0.22
Tschuwaschen	16,295	0.35	11,510	0.26	8,304	0.19
Kyrgyz	1,330	0.03	1.923	0.04	6,304	0.15
Mordwinen	15,453	0.33	9,702	0.22	6,303	0.15
Jews	14,317	0.30	6,810	0.15	5,423	0.13
Residents	4,706,763	100.00	4,486,214	100.00	4,297,747	100.00

Note: the proportions refer to the total number of inhabitants. Including the group of people who did not provide any information on their ethnic affiliation (28,957 in 2002 and 232,978 in 2010)

The area's population is more than 85% Russian. The Tatars and Ukrainians are the most important ethnic minorities in Sverdlovsk Oblast. Other larger ethnic groups that have settled there since the early days of the Soviet Union are the Bashkirs, Jews, Mari, Mordvins, Russian- Germans, Chuvashes, Udmurts and Belarusians. However, their number is falling sharply. By contrast, tens of thousands of people have immigrated from the North Caucasus, Transcaucasus and Central Asia since the end of the Second World War.

Administrative divisions and cities

→ Main article : Administrative divisions of Sverdlovsk Oblast

The oblast is divided into 68 urban districts and five Rajons . In addition to the administrative center of the Oblast, the metropolis of Yekaterinburg, there are three other large cities : Nizhny Tagil , Kamensk-Uralsky and Pervouralsk . There are a total of 47 cities and 27 urban-type settlements in the oblast .

The Holy Trinity Church in Kamensk-Uralsky

Biggest cities

Surname	Russian name	Residents (October 14, 2010)
Ekaterinburg	Екатеринбург	1,349,772
Nizhny Tagil	Нижний Тагил	361.811
Kamensk-Uralsky	Каменск-Уральский	174,689
Pervouralsk	Первоуральск	124,528
Serov	Серов	99,373
Novouralsk	Новоуральск	85,522
asbestos	Асбест	68,893
Polevskoi	Polevsky	64,220
Rewda	Ревда	61,875
Verkhnyaya pajma	Верхняя Пышма	59,749
Krasnoturyinsk	Краснотурьинск	59,633
Beryozovsky	Берёзовский	51,651
Lesnoi	Лесной	50,363

See also : List of cities in Sverdlovsk Oblast

economy

Alapayevsk Forest Railway

The oblast is rich in natural resources such as gold, platinum and many other metals. Mining, mechanical engineering and metal processing are the main industries.

traffic

Yekaterinburg is a major transport hub and is well connected to the transport network within Russia by road and rail. Various European airlines also fly to it by air.

The Alapayevsk Forest Railway operates a route network with a length of around 280 kilometers, on which passenger trains run overnight several times a week. It is the largest 750 mm network in Russia.

military

In the Ural Mountains in the north of the oblast, an alternative command center for the Russian nuclear armed forces was built in the 1990s near the Koswinski Kamen mountain, protected under 300 meters of granite . It should strengthen the command structure previously centered around Moscow , withstand bunker-breaking nuclear warheads and be comparable to the US command center Cheyenne Mountain (see also Dead Hand ).

Web links

Commons : Sverdlovsk Oblast  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Sverdlovsk Oblast  - tourist guide

• Sverdlovsk Oblast website (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Administrativno-territorialʹnoe delenie po subʺektam Rossijskoj Federacii na 1 janvarja 2010 goda (administrative-territorial division according to subjects of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2010). ( Download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
3. ↑ globalsecurity.org, accessed June 23, 2018