Tura (river)
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Tura Тура́ |
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 Catchment area of the Tura |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | RU : 14010501212111200004350 | |
| location | Sverdlovsk Oblast , Tyumen Oblast ( Russia ) | |
| River system | If | |
| Drain over | Tobol → Irtysh → Ob → Arctic Ocean | |
| source |
Central Urals 58 ° 23 ′ 32 ″ N , 59 ° 23 ′ 48 ″ E |
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| Source height | approx. 400 m | |
| muzzle |
Tobol Coordinates: 57 ° 12 '48 " N , 66 ° 57' 9" E 57 ° 12 '48 " N , 66 ° 57' 9" E |
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| Mouth height | 42 m | |
| Height difference | approx. 358 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 0.35 ‰ | |
| length | 1030 km | |
| Catchment area | 80,400 km² | |
| Discharge at the gauge Kasylmanka A Eo : 4240 km² Location: 849 km above the mouth |
MQ 1951/1957 Mq 1951/1957 |
17 m³ / s 4 l / (s km²) |
| Discharge at the Verkhoturje A Eo gauge : 5290 km² Location: 817 km above the mouth |
MQ 1936/1988 Mq 1936/1988 |
26 m³ / s 4.9 l / (s km²) |
| Discharge at the Turinsk A Eo gauge : 29,000 km² Location: 442 km above the mouth |
MQ 1936/1989 Mq 1936/1989 |
116 m³ / s 4 l / (s km²) |
| Discharge at the Tyumen A Eo gauge : 58,500 km² Location: 184 km above the mouth |
NNQ (February 1939) MNQ 1896/1998 MQ 1896/1998 Mq 1896/1998 MHQ 1896/1998 HHQ (1946 (in June)) |
11.1 m³ / s 29.8 m³ / s 202.7 m³ / s 3.5 l / (s km²) 803.6 m³ / s 6810 m³ / s |
| Right tributaries | Salda , Tagil , Niza , Pyschma | |
| Big cities | Tyumen | |
| Medium-sized cities | Nizhnyaya Tura | |
| Small towns | Verkhnyaya Tura , Verkhoturye , Turinsk | |
| Navigable | 753 km | |
 The Tura at Verkhoturye |
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 Location of the Tura (Тура́) in the Tobol catchment area |
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The Tura ( Russian Тура́ ) is a 1030 km long left tributary of the Tobol in western Siberia .
course
The Tura arises at a height of 400 m near the watershed in the Middle Urals , west of the city of Kuschwa from several few kilometers of spring streams. Both main source streams are called Tura, the more southern one is also called Dolgaja . The river initially flows through the eastern flank of the Urals in a north-easterly direction, then in an easterly to south-easterly direction the western part of the West Siberian lowlands . It runs first on the territory of the Sverdlovsk Oblast , later the Tyumen Oblast and through its administrative center Tyumen , by far the largest city on the river. The historical capital of the Siberian Khanate , Chingi-Tura , was also nearby on the river.
In the lower reaches the Tura meanders strongly. Finally, it flows into the Tobol near the village of Karbany about 100 kilometers east of Tyumen (at an altitude of 42 m ). The Tura is around 200 meters wide near the mouth, up to three meters deep and the flow velocity is 0.3 m / s. The Tobol is the smaller river here with a width of 100 meters; it only becomes navigable from the confluence of the Tura.
Other cities on the river are Verkhnyaya Tura , Nizhnyaya Tura , Verkhoturye and Turinsk . The names of all these cities are derived from the name of the river.
Hydrography
The catchment area of the Tura covers 80,400 km².
The Tura freezes between late October to early November and late April to the first half of May, followed by floods that last until July . The mean monthly water flow at Tyumen, 184 river kilometers above the mouth, is 177 m³ / s (maximum 3330 m³ / s in May, minimum 8.6 m³ / s in March).
The main tributaries are Salda , Tagil , Niza and Pyschma (all from the right).
Infrastructure and economy
The Tura is navigable for 753 km (from the Buschlanowo landing stage above Turinsk).
As early as the 18th century, two small reservoirs ("ponds") were built on the upper reaches of the Tura for use in mining and metallurgy. They are located at Verkhnyaya Tura (water level at 209 m ) and Nizhnyaya Tura ( 179 m ); Around 1950 another small dam with a hydroelectric power station was built near Verkhoturye ( 110 m ). The total area of the reservoirs is 23 km².
The Perm – Kushwa – Yekaterinburg railway , the former Ural mining railway opened in 1878, runs in the area of the Tura springs . From this the route branches off at Kuschwa in the direction of Serow , which follows the Tura approximately to Verkhoturye and crosses it there.
The Serov – Alapayevsk railway crosses the river at the Vostochny settlement . Road access is relatively good up to this point, but further east in Sverdlovsk Oblast it is poor; there are only a few localities here. In this area, mainly in the 1940s to 1960s, many forestry narrow-gauge railways were built with connections to shipping piers on the Tura. Some of them are still in operation today, such as the 150-kilometer Alapayevsk – Kalach route, which also has passenger services. At the village of Sankino this crosses the Tura, which is around 100 meters wide. The bridge, a combined steel and wood structure, is one of the longest of all narrow-gauge railways in Russia.
In Turinsk the Tura of the railway line is Jekaterinburg- Meschduretschenski (Station Ustje-Acha ) crosses, at Tyumen finally from there by the Trans-Siberian branching route Surgut and further to Nizhnevartovsk or Novy . From Turinsk long stretches of long-distance or regional roads follow the course of the river, for example the R404 from Tyumen to Tobolsk (further in the direction of the West Siberian oil and gas production areas).
Web links
- Tura at the Asiazkaja gauge - hydrographic data at R-ArcticNET : further discharge data
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Article Tura in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ a b Tura in the State Water Register of the Russian Federation (Russian)
- ↑ Tura at the Kasylmanka gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET
- ↑ Tura at the Verkhoturje gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET
- ↑ Tura at the Turinsk gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET
- ↑ Tura at the Tyumen gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET