Tura (river)

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Tura
Тура́
Catchment area of ​​the Tura

Catchment area of ​​the Tura

Data
Water code RU14010501212111200004350
location Sverdlovsk Oblast , Tyumen Oblast ( Russia )
River system If
Drain over Tobol  → Irtysh  → Ob  → Arctic Ocean
source Central Urals
58 ° 23 ′ 32 ″  N , 59 ° 23 ′ 48 ″  E
Source height approx.  400  m
muzzle Tobol Coordinates: 57 ° 12 '48 "  N , 66 ° 57' 9"  E 57 ° 12 '48 "  N , 66 ° 57' 9"  E
Mouth height 42  m
Height difference approx. 358 m
Bottom slope approx. 0.35 ‰
length 1030 km
Catchment area 80,400 km²
Discharge at the gauge Kasylmanka
A Eo : 4240 km²
Location: 849 km above the mouth
MQ 1951/1957
Mq 1951/1957
17 m³ / s
4 l / (s km²)
Discharge at the Verkhoturje
A Eo gauge : 5290 km²
Location: 817 km above the mouth
MQ 1936/1988
Mq 1936/1988
26 m³ / s
4.9 l / (s km²)
Discharge at the Turinsk
A Eo gauge : 29,000 km²
Location: 442 km above the mouth
MQ 1936/1989
Mq 1936/1989
116 m³ / s
4 l / (s km²)
Discharge at the Tyumen
A Eo gauge : 58,500 km²
Location: 184 km above the mouth
NNQ (February 1939)
MNQ 1896/1998
MQ 1896/1998
Mq 1896/1998
MHQ 1896/1998
HHQ (1946 (in June))
11.1 m³ / s
29.8 m³ / s
202.7 m³ / s
3.5 l / (s km²)
803.6 m³ / s
6810 m³ / s
Right tributaries Salda , Tagil , Niza , Pyschma
Big cities Tyumen
Medium-sized cities Nizhnyaya Tura
Small towns Verkhnyaya Tura , Verkhoturye , Turinsk
Navigable 753 km
The Tura at Verkhoturye

The Tura at Verkhoturye

Location of the Tura (Тура́) in the Tobol catchment area

Location of the Tura (Тура́) in the Tobol catchment area

The Tura ( Russian Тура́ ) is a 1030 km long left tributary of the Tobol in western Siberia .

course

The Tura arises at a height of 400  m near the watershed in the Middle Urals , west of the city of Kuschwa from several few kilometers of spring streams. Both main source streams are called Tura, the more southern one is also called Dolgaja . The river initially flows through the eastern flank of the Urals in a north-easterly direction, then in an easterly to south-easterly direction the western part of the West Siberian lowlands . It runs first on the territory of the Sverdlovsk Oblast , later the Tyumen Oblast and through its administrative center Tyumen , by far the largest city on the river. The historical capital of the Siberian Khanate , Chingi-Tura , was also nearby on the river.

In the lower reaches the Tura meanders strongly. Finally, it flows into the Tobol near the village of Karbany about 100 kilometers east of Tyumen (at an altitude of 42  m ). The Tura is around 200 meters wide near the mouth, up to three meters deep and the flow velocity is 0.3 m / s. The Tobol is the smaller river here with a width of 100 meters; it only becomes navigable from the confluence of the Tura.

Other cities on the river are Verkhnyaya Tura , Nizhnyaya Tura , Verkhoturye and Turinsk . The names of all these cities are derived from the name of the river.

Hydrography

The catchment area of the Tura covers 80,400 km².

The Tura freezes between late October to early November and late April to the first half of May, followed by floods that last until July . The mean monthly water flow at Tyumen, 184 river kilometers above the mouth, is 177 m³ / s (maximum 3330 m³ / s in May, minimum 8.6 m³ / s in March).

The main tributaries are Salda , Tagil , Niza and Pyschma (all from the right).

Infrastructure and economy

The Tura is navigable for 753 km (from the Buschlanowo landing stage above Turinsk).

As early as the 18th century, two small reservoirs ("ponds") were built on the upper reaches of the Tura for use in mining and metallurgy. They are located at Verkhnyaya Tura (water level at 209  m ) and Nizhnyaya Tura ( 179  m ); Around 1950 another small dam with a hydroelectric power station was built near Verkhoturye ( 110  m ). The total area of ​​the reservoirs is 23 km².

The Perm – Kushwa – Yekaterinburg railway , the former Ural mining railway opened in 1878, runs in the area of ​​the Tura springs . From this the route branches off at Kuschwa in the direction of Serow , which follows the Tura approximately to Verkhoturye and crosses it there.

The Serov – Alapayevsk railway crosses the river at the Vostochny settlement . Road access is relatively good up to this point, but further east in Sverdlovsk Oblast it is poor; there are only a few localities here. In this area, mainly in the 1940s to 1960s, many forestry narrow-gauge railways were built with connections to shipping piers on the Tura. Some of them are still in operation today, such as the 150-kilometer Alapayevsk – Kalach route, which also has passenger services. At the village of Sankino this crosses the Tura, which is around 100 meters wide. The bridge, a combined steel and wood structure, is one of the longest of all narrow-gauge railways in Russia.

In Turinsk the Tura of the railway line is Jekaterinburg- Meschduretschenski (Station Ustje-Acha ) crosses, at Tyumen finally from there by the Trans-Siberian branching route Surgut and further to Nizhnevartovsk or Novy . From Turinsk long stretches of long-distance or regional roads follow the course of the river, for example the R404 from Tyumen to Tobolsk (further in the direction of the West Siberian oil and gas production areas).

Web links

Commons : Tura  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b Article Tura in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D112858~2a%3DTura~2b%3DTura
  2. a b Tura in the State Water Register of the Russian Federation (Russian)
  3. Tura at the Kasylmanka gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET
  4. Tura at the Verkhoturje gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET
  5. Tura at the Turinsk gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET
  6. Tura at the Tyumen gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET