Verkhoturye
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Verkhoturye
Verhoteur
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Verkhoturye ( Russian Верхотурье ) is a small town in Sverdlovsk Oblast ( Russia ) with 8,820 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).
geography
The city is located on the eastern edge of the Urals , about 300 km north of the oblast capital Yekaterinburg , on the left, steep and rocky bank of the Tura River .
Verkhoturye, the smallest town in the oblast, is the administrative center of the district of the same name .
The city is located on the Kuschwa ( Goroblagodatskaya station ) - Serow railway, which opened in 1906 . The train station is about 5 km west of the city near the Priwoksalny settlement .
history
Verkhoturye is one of the oldest cities that arose during the Russian settlement of the areas east of the Urals. 1598 was here instead Mansi settlement Neromkarr at the opening of the so-called Babinow Street (Babinowskaja doroga) a Ostrog built and ready "city" called. The road represented a new, shorter route from the European part of Russia to Siberia. In 1601 a customs post was opened here and all other routes to Siberia were banned. Until the second half of the 18th century, the city remained the most important transit trading point and center of Russian settlement in the Ural hinterland. The city was badly affected during two major fires in 1674 and 1738.
The development of the city slowed down with the abolition of customs duties and the closure of the road now called Verkhoturje Trakt in 1763. Since 1708 city of the Siberian governorate , Verkhoturye belonged to the governorate of Tobolsk from 1764 , from 1781 to the governorate of Perm (later Perm governorate ) and became the center practicing various trades.
Verkhoturye was an important religious center until the end of the 19th / beginning of the 20th century. The St. Nicholas Monastery, founded in 1604, with the relics of St. Simeon the Righteous, a Verkhotury miracle worker, was a popular pilgrimage destination throughout Russia.
Verkhoturye lost its city status in 1926, but was given it again in 1947 on the occasion of the 350th anniversary of its founding.
Old city coat of arms (1783)
Verkhoturye around 1910
Gate of the Verkhoturye Kremlin
Pedestrian bridge over the Tura
Railway station with a war memorial
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Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1897 | 3,179 |
| 1939 | 7.177 |
| 1959 | 10,917 |
| 1970 | 9,688 |
| 1979 | 8,966 |
| 1989 | 8,973 |
| 2002 | 7,815 |
| 2010 | 8,820 |
Note: census data
Culture and sights
Since Verkhoturye, in contrast to almost all other cities in the Ural region, remained practically untouched by the industrialization of the 19th and especially the 20th century, large parts of the historical cityscape are relatively well preserved.
The city center was formed by the Kremlin , the location of which was chosen in 1597 on a rocky elevation on the left bank of the river. The gates with portals built between 1700–1713 and the Trinity Cathedral ( Троицкий собор / Troitski sobor ) from 1703–1712 have been preserved from the Kremlin .
The Exaltation of the Cross Cathedral ( Крестовоздвиженский собор / Krestowosdwischenski Sobor) from 1905 to 1913 in Nicholas Monastery is one of the largest in Russia. This monastery also houses the classicist Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord ( Преображенская церковь ) from 1821 with a bell tower that was destroyed in the 1930s and faithfully rebuilt in 1998, as well as the Simeon and Anna Church ( Симеоно-Аннвинская Аннвинскер Аннвинцер ) from 1856 in the old Russian style.
The Maria Protection and Intercession Monastery ( Покровский монастырь / Pokrowski monastyr) founded in 1621 was the first Russian Orthodox women's monastery beyond the Urals.
In addition, part of the old secular stone and wooden buildings of the city have been preserved, such as the Yushkov hospital and residential building from the end of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century.
The architectural monuments of Verkhoturye are combined in a historical-architectural museum- sapovednik . As the most important center of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Urals, the city has a Museum of Orthodoxy ( Prawoslawny musei ).
economy
In Verkhoturye there are forest chemistry and food industries. The small Verkhotury hydropower plant is located nearby on the Tura .
Forestry plays an important role in the surrounding Rajon.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
Web links
- City administration website (Russian)
- Verkhoturye on mojgorod.ru (Russian)
