Perm Governorate
The Perm Governorate ( Russian: Пермская губерния / Permskaja gubernija ) was an administrative unit of the Russian Empire on both sides of the Ural Mountains , i.e. both in Europe and in Asia . It bordered (clockwise from the north) with the governorates of Vologda , Tobolsk , Orenburg , Ufa and Vjatka .
In 1780 the governorship of Perm was established, which Paul I converted into the governorate in 1791 . Reduced to the European parts in 1919, it was added to the Ural Oblast in 1923 .
It had an area of 332,054 km². The capital was Perm , the largest city around 1900 was Yekaterinburg . Most recently, the governorate was divided into twelve Ujesdy (districts):
west of the Urals:
east of the Urals:
- Irbit
- Ekaterinburg
- Kamyshlov
- Schadrinsk
- Verkhoturye
statistics
The governorate had 2,994,302 inhabitants in 1897. Of these, 2,705,327 Russians, 92,641 Permyak , 85395 Bashkirs , 46,711 Tatars , 21163 Meschtscherjaken and 15,687 Cheremis .
The harvest in 1902 delivered: 331,600 tons of wheat, 434,900 tons of rye, 546,000 tons of oats, 138,100 tons of barley, 33,700 tons of buckwheat and 153,500 tons of potatoes. Cattle breeding was poorly developed. In 1902 there were 1,298,000 cattle, 1,476,000 exclusively coarse-wool sheep, 223,000 pigs and 979,000 horses. The mining industry was particularly developed thanks to the rich mineral resources of iron ores, gold, platinum, precious stones, salt etc. In 1901 there were 334 laundries in operation that produced 3591 kg of gold. Russian platinum mining was entirely concentrated in Perm and in 1901 delivered 6379 kg from 120 mines. In 1901 1,390,500 tons of iron ore were extracted and 561,700 tons of pig iron were produced in 49 smelting works. The lack of hard coal (production in 1901 only approx. 496,000 tons) was very disadvantageous, so that the blast furnaces mostly worked with charcoal. Other minerals were extracted: copper (1901: 3219 tons), manganese ore, chrome iron stone and asbestos. The manufacturing industry was poorly developed. Only the flour milling, leather and chemical industries were of greater importance.