Vyatka Governorate
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The Vyatka Governorate ( Russian Вятская губерния / Vjatskaja gubernija ) was an administrative unit in the northeastern European part of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR . Its territory roughly encompassed today 's Kirov Oblast and the Udmurt Republic . It was bounded by the following governorates (clockwise from the north): Vologda , Perm , Ufa , Kazan , Nizhny Novgorod and Kostroma .
The capital was Vyatka (now Kirov ).
history
It was detached from the Kazan Governorate in 1796, within which it was an independent governor , and existed until 1929. The territory was added to the newly formed Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (or Krai).
Classification
At the end of the 19th century it was divided into 11 districts ( Ujesdy ):
statistics
The first Russian census of 1897 showed 3,030,831 inhabitants on 153,658 km² (19.7 / km²) for the governorate. Of these, 2,347,169 Russians, 377,893 Votiaks , 144,918 Cheremis , 125,514 Tatars , and the remainder was mainly due to smaller nations like Permyak or Teptjaren .
Around 1900 agriculture was the most important branch of the economy, with 83% of the population. The harvest in 1905 resulted in tons: wheat 33,932, rye 781,296, oats 1,098,636, barley 187,111, potatoes 217,628, spelled, buckwheat, peas and flax were also grown. With the lack of pastures, livestock breeding hardly provided the fertilizer necessary for the fields; in 1904 there were 750,000 horses, 1,100,000 cattle, 1,355,000 sheep, 208,000 pigs and 20,000 goats. Horse breeding provided the formerly valued Wiatki and Obwinki horse breeds , which were hardly widespread at the end of the 19th century. Beekeeping was carried out in Sarapul and Glasow counties. Hunting in the extensive forests was a rich source of income; black grouse, snow grouse, partridge, hares and squirrels were mainly hunted. The fur factory had the important Alexeyevsky fair in Kotelnitsch.
The iron and steel industry was important in terms of industrial production. The extraction of iron ore was operated in 1903 in 177 pits and delivered 87,850 tons. There were 5 blast furnace plants that produced 22,600 tons of pig iron. In 1900, there were 711 factories and businesses with a production value of 31 million rubles. In the first place stood the iron industry, which was mainly represented by the fiscal Votkin Ironworks and the fiscal rifle factory in Izhevsk . Leather manufacture, chemical industry and brandy distillery follow. The house industry was very widespread and had technology developed in some branches. Linen weaving (12-14 million meters per year) and the manufacture of wooden goods (furniture, wagons, wooden tobacco pipes) were operated in particular; In addition, the production of sheepskins, fishing nets, sickles, cheap copper items, belts, as well as activities such as tanning or turning. In the trade was exported: grain, flax, linseed, linen, leather, wood, salt and animal hides.
The 1926 census showed a population of 108,450 km² with 2,224,832 inhabitants (20.5 / km²).
Web links
- Census of 1897 (language groups) (Russian)
- Census of 1897 (administrative districts) (Russian)
- 1926 census (Russian)
- Entry in Meyers 1905