Tobolsk Governorate
The Tobolsk Governorate ( Russian Тобольская губерния / Tobolskaja gubernija ) was an administrative unit of the Russian Empire in Western Siberia , which stretched from the southern steppe zone to the upper estuary . It resembles the modern Tyumen Oblast ( including the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Khanty and Mansi ). It bordered (clockwise from the east) with the following governorates and territories : Yeniseisk , Tomsk , Semipalatinsk , Akmolinsk , Orenburg , Perm , Vologda , Arkhangelsk . The capital was Tobolsk .
It had an area of 1,397,692 km², of which 10,269 km² were water.
Tobolsk was traditionally the administrative seat in western Siberia, including the governorate of Siberia founded in 1718 . After it was split up, the governorate was founded under this name in 1796. In 1804 the Tomsk Governorate was split off, with it it formed the Western Siberian General Governorate between 1822 and 1882, with its seat in Omsk . Some areas in the southeast (particularly Omsk and Petropavlovsk ) were split off in 1868 to form the Akmolinsk region.
It was recently divided into ten Ujesde (circles):
- Beryosov
- Ishim
- Yalutorovsk
- Kurgan
- Surgut
- Tare
- Tyukalinsk
- Tyumen
- Tobolsk
- Turinsk
statistics
In 1897 the governorate had 1,433,043 inhabitants.
Of these, 1,270,173 were Russians , 56,998 Tatars , 37,769 Minor Russians (Ukrainians) and 19,018 Ostyaks . Of the smaller indigenous peoples, there were 7,083 Syrian , 4,790 Woguls and 4,450 Samoyed .
The main economic occupations are agriculture (south of latitude 57 ° 15 'north) and animal husbandry, and fur hunting and fishing in the north. 11,463,918 hectares were suitable for arable farming, but only 2,578,900 hectares were actually cultivated with oats, rye, wheat, barley, potatoes, as well as buckwheat and flax. Horses, cattle, sheep and pigs were bred in the south, reindeer and dogs in the north. Due to a lack of forage, diseases and snowstorms, many cattle perished every year. The forest took up more than 25% of the soil and, in addition to wood (especially for shipbuilding), supplied tar, stone pine nuts and berries. Commercial activity was particularly developed in the south-west and in 1897 delivered goods to the value of 6,200,000 rubles. The house industry supplied ropes, fur, brandy, saddlery, carpets, etc. The trade exported grain, products from cattle breeding, alcohol, tobacco products and fish.
The Siberian tract and 77 km of the Yekaterinburg –Tyumen railway line and 293 km of the Trans-Siberian Railway ( Chelyabinsk – Omsk) ran through the governorate .