Tobolsk

city Tobolsk Тобольск flag coat of arms Federal district Ural Oblast Tyumen Urban district Tobolsk mayor Ivan Olenberg Founded 1587 City since 1590 surface 222  km² population 99,694 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 449 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 90  m Time zone UTC + 5 Telephone code (+7) 3456 Post Code 626102-626159 License Plate 72 OKATO 71 410 Website www.admtobolsk.ru Geographical location Coordinates 58 ° 12 ′  N , 68 ° 15 ′  E Coordinates: 58 ° 12 ′ 0 ″  N , 68 ° 15 ′ 0 ″  E

Situation in Russia

Location in Tyumen Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Tobolsk ( Russian Тобо́льск ) is a Russian city ​​in the Tyumen Oblast east of the Ural Mountains with 99,694 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010). It lies opposite the mouth of the Tobol in the Irtysh .

history

Tobolsk is in the settlement area of ​​the Khanty , Mansi , Nenets and Selkupen . It is the oldest Russian city in Siberia after Tyumen . It was founded in 1587 by the Cossacks of Daniil Tschulkow as Ostrog . Nearby there was Qaschliq the capital of, also called Isker, Khanate Sibir . In 1621 Tobolsk became the center of the Siberian eparchy . In the 17th and 18th centuries, the settlement developed into the trading center of the Irtysh region, from 1712 it was the administrative center of the Siberian governorate , later of the Tobolsk governorate, and is known as the old capital of Siberia . Tobolsk is home to the oldest theater in Siberia. In 1803 and 1864 attempts were made to found a university.

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  Tobolsk early 20th century

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  Tobolsk Kremlin

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  Former trading house in Tobolsk

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  Climate diagram of Tobolsk

Geographical location

Tobolsk, the second largest city in Tyumen Oblast, is 58 degrees north latitude, on the border of the taiga and the deciduous forest, on the eastern bank of Irtysh , at the mouth of the Tobol River . The city is divided into two parts - Upper Town and Lower Town. The upper town is located on the Alafejskaja mountain, which is actually a high terrace of 60 m. Different parts of the mountain have their own names - e.g. B. the Troitsky Cape, the Panin Bugor, or the Kiseljowskaja-Berg. At Cape Chuvashsky, in the southern part of Tobolsk, July 26th took place ^. / 5th November 1582 ^greg. the battle between Yermak Timofejewitsch and the Tatars took place, whereby the Siberian Khanate was subordinated to Russia. The historic core of the city was built on Cape Troitsky; There an ostrog was built by the Cossacks at the end of the 16th century and the Trinity Church was erected. A century later, the construction of the Kremlin began on the site of the Ostrog . Later the mountain foot was also built on.

climate

Tobolsk has a continental climate. Rapid temperature changes are characteristic. The mean temperature is −17 ° С in January and +19 ° С in July. The lowest temperature in winter is −52 ° C, the highest temperature in summer is almost 40 ° С

Air temperature, ° С

month	Abs min	Average Min.	Average	Average Max.	Abs.Max.
January	-48.5 (1964)	-21.6	-17.1	-12.7	5.5 (1903)
February	-47.8 (1967)	-20.7	-15.6	-10.3	5.8 (2016)
March	-41.8 (1964)	-12.5	-7.0	-1.4	14.7 (1951)
April	-30.3 (1964)	-3.2	-1.8	7.2	25.5 (1982)
May	-14.6 (1890)	4.7	10.2	16.3	35.7 (2004)
June	-2.2 (1968)	11.5	16.7	22.4	37.2 (1955)
July	3.4 (1975)	13.8	18.7	23.9	39.6 (1901)
August	-2.9 (1967)	10.7	15.3	20.4	33.8 (1936)
September	-6.5 (1909)	4.9	9.0	13.7	30.1 (1982)
October	-25.8 (1969)	-1.2	2.2	6.1	23.7 (2018)
November	-40.1 (1890)	-11.8	-8.2	-4.8	12.3 (2006)
December	-51.8 (1958)	-19.4	-14.9	-10.7	4.5 (2003)
year	-51.8 (1958)	-3.7	0.9	5.8	39.6 (1901)

Residents

In 2004 the towns of Irtyshsky, Mendeleevo, Verkhnefilatovo, Alemassowa, Anissimowa, Volgina, Sashchitina, Syrjanowa and Savina were incorporated. As a result of the incorporation , Tobolsk exceeded the limit of 100,000 inhabitants and thus received the status of a large city . In the following years the population decreased again slightly and in 2010 it was 99,698 for the city proper. In addition to Tobolsk itself, the settlement of Sumkino with 3,887 inhabitants belongs to the urban district, so that the total number of inhabitants in the urban district is 103,585. As of January 1, 2011, 75.6% of the population were Russians , 16.0% Tatars , 2.5% Ukrainians , 0.6% Germans , 0.6% Belarusians , 0.5% Bashkirs , 0.3% Azerbaijanis and 3.3% members of other ethnic groups.

Population development

year	Residents
1782	13,279
1867	20,330
1897	20,425
1926	18,519
1939	32,244
1959	39,034
1970	49,260
1979	61,969
1989	94.143
2002	92,880
2010	99,694

Note: from 1897 census data

Religions

Tobolsk is a Russian Orthodox center in Tyumen Oblast. The Cathedral of St. Sophia, located in the Tobolsk Kremlin , is the bishopric of the Tobolsk Eparchy. The Abalaksky monastery and the Ivanovsky women's monastery are located near Tobolsk. There is also the Catholic Trinity Church (completed in 1907); it belongs to the Diocese of the Transfiguration of Novosibirsk .

The Catholic community of Tobolsk was founded by Poles and Lithuanians who were relocated to Siberia after the suppression of the November Uprising. The church, which was closed under Soviet rule, was returned to the parish in 1993. There is also a Protestant church. The Muslim community, which consists mainly of Tatars, has two mosques.

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  The St. Sophia Cathedral

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  The Abalsksky Monastery

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  The Apparition Church (1691–1695). 1949 was blown up by communists. Photo by Prokudin-Gorski.

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  The Trinity Church

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  Christ Resurrection Church

Attractions

The Tobolsk Prison Castle

The main attraction of the city is the stone Kremlin , atypical for Siberia , whose construction was ordered by Peter the Great . The city's museum houses a rich collection on the culture of the Khanty and Mansi. The Church of the Resurrection of Christ is also located here , which is considered a prime example of the Siberian Baroque .

Not far from the Kremlin is the Tobolsk Prison Castle, a building complex that was built as a prison from 1846 to 1855. The writers Fyodor Dostoyevsky , Nikolai Chernyshevsky and Vladimir Korolenko , among others, were imprisoned in this prison . It was not until 1989 that the prison was abolished; Today there is a museum in the building.

sons and daughters of the town

• Semjon Remesow (1642 – after 1720), geographer and historian
• Alexander Kokorinow (1726–1772), architect
• Alexander Aljabjew (1787-1851), composer
• Gawriil Batenkow (1793–1863), colonel and writer
• Nikolai Afanassjew (1821–1898), violin virtuoso and composer
• Wassili Perow (1834–1882), painter
• Dmitri Mendeleev (1834–1907), chemist
• Karus Kahanez (1868–1918), Belarusian poet, novelist, author of the first Belarusian textbooks, translator, linguist, painter and sculptor
• Vladimir Polonsky (1893–1937), politician
• Alexander Zakin (1903–1990), Russian-American pianist
• Nikolai Nikitin (1907–1973), architect
• Lidija Smirnowa (1915–2007), actress
• Yuri Osipov (* 1936), mathematician and mechanic, President of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• Arnold Fruchtenbaum (* 1943), American theologian and author
• Alexander Abdulow (1953-2008), actor
• Alexander Popow (* 1965), biathlete
• Jelena Korikova (* 1972), actress and singer
• Andrei Makowejew (* 1982), biathlete
• Rachim Tschachkijew (* 1983), Russian boxer of Ingush nationality, Olympic champion (2008) in the heavyweight division

Personalities related to the city

• August von Kotzebue (1761–1819), writer and playwright; was exiled to Tobolsk for a few months in the summer of 1800
• Wilhelm Küchelbecker (1797–1846) dies, exiled to Siberia, in Tobolsk in 1846
• Pyotr Pavlovich Jerschow (1815–1869), writer and teacher
• Tsar Nicholas II (1868–1918) and his family were brought to the city for some time on August 26, 1917
• John of Tobolsk (1651–1715), bishop and metropolitan and saint of the Russian Orthodox Church
• Karl Radek (1885–1939), Russian revolutionary, was exiled in Tobolsk in 1927

Trivia

The main belt asteroid (13125) Tobolsk , discovered on August 10, 1994, was named after the city.

Web links

Commons : Tobolsk  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• City Council website (Russian)
• Tobolsk on mojgorod.ru (Russian)
• Tobolsk architecture (Russian)
• Tobolsk in "Small Cities of Russia" (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ ^{a b} Soja Sokolowa: The land of Jugorien . Progress and FA Brockhaus, Moscow and Leipzig 1982, p. 47 ff.
3. ↑ Allgemeine Academische Zeitung, Vol. 4 (1864)
4. ↑ Geoclimate 2.1
5. ↑ Исторические места Тобольска
6. ↑ Погода и климат. Климат в Тобольске
7. ^ "Pass" of the city ( MS Word ; 1.5 MB) p. 22 (Russian)
8. ↑ Достопримечательности Тобольска. Тюремный замок , accessed August 5, 2019 (Russian)
9. ↑ Тюремный замок в Тобольске , accessed August 5, 2019 (Russian)
10. ↑ Biography on elena-korikova.ru ( Memento from September 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
11. ↑ The end of the tsarist empire. The first report according to official Bolshevik sources. In exile in Tobolsk. In:  Arbeiter-Zeitung , Morgenblatt, No. 201/1926, July 23, 1926, p. 8, top right. (Online at ANNO ). .
12. ^ Dietrich Möller: Karl Radek in Germany. Revolutionary, intriguer, diplomat . Verlag Wissenschaft und Politik, Cologne 1976, ISBN 3-8046-8465-3 , p. 43.