Omsk

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Omsk (disambiguation) .

city Omsk Омск flag coat of arms Federal district Siberia Oblast Omsk Urban district Omsk mayor Oksana Fadina Founded 1716 City since 1782 surface 573  km² population 1,154,116 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 2014 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 90  m Time zone UTC + 6 Telephone code (+7) 3812 Post Code 644xxx License Plate 55 OKATO 52 401 Website http://www.admomsk.ru/web/de Geographical location Coordinates 54 ° 58 '  N , 73 ° 23'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 58 '0 "  N , 73 ° 23' 0"  E

Situation in Russia

Location in Omsk Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Top left: Omsk Playhouse
Top right: Omsk Fire Tower
Middle left: "Festival" shopping and office center
Middle right: Museum. MA Vrubel.
Bottom picture: Bridge of the Omsk metro over the Irtysh .

Omsk ( Russian Омск ) is a city in Siberia , the capital of the Omsk Oblast and with 1,154,116 inhabitants, the eighth largest city ​​in Russia (source: FS 2017. In: List of cities in Russia ).

geography

Omsk lies at the confluence of the Irtysh and Om rivers . The city is divided into five districts (okrug / округ), four of which are to the right of the Irtysh:

• Zentralny (Центральный, corresponding to the city center and the areas northeast of it; 271,400 inhabitants)
• Oktyabrsky (Октябрьский, east of the city center; 162,400 inhabitants)
• Sovetsky (Советский, northwest of the city center; 256,100 inhabitants)
• Leninsky (Ленинский, south of the city center; 194,400 inhabitants)
• Kirovsky (Кировский, left of the Irtysh; 238,000 inhabitants)

The time difference to Moscow is three hours ( UTC +06: 00), the distance to Moscow is 2250 kilometers. The climate is continental with hot summers and cold winters .

history

Tarsky Gate

Omsk was founded in 1716 by the troop of the German-born Lieutenant Colonel of the Russian Army, Johann D. Buchholz, as a border fortress for the protection of Russia against attacks from the southeast, but also as a base for the further development of Siberia . Under the influence of Commander-in-Chief Iwan Iwanowitsch Springer, a brickwork fortress was built on the eastern bank of the Irtysh in 1768, which was modern for the time. This helped Omsk to continue to exist as a strategically important military base. Omsk has been a city since 1782. In the 19th century, Omsk was a place of exile for dissidents such as Fyodor Dostoyevsky and the Decembrists . In 1822 the General Government of West Siberia was formed. In 1838 the head office was moved from Tobolsk to Omsk. From 1882 to 1917 the city was the administrative center of the Generalgouvernement of the Steppe . Until 1918, the headquarters of the Siberian Cossack army was in Omsk . After the outbreak of the October Revolution and the Russian Civil War , the city was occupied by the White Guards . From 1918 to 1919 Omsk was the residence of the anti-communist government of Admiral Kolchak . In November 1919 the city was captured by the Red Army . Omsk has been the administrative center of Omsk Oblast since 1936 .

At the beginning of the 20th century there was strong economic growth with the opening of the Trans-Siberian Railway in 1895. Omsk became an important trading city in Siberia. Cities in the taiga north of Omsk are supplied via the port on the Irtysh River .

During the Second World War , countless industrial companies were relocated from the European part of the Soviet Union to Siberia. As a result, Omsk developed into an important producer of armaments for the Red Army . The city grew threefold within a few years. Factory No. 174 (Voroshilov Factory) also manufactured the legendary T-34 tank.

After the Second World War , Omsk became one of a few closed cities in the Soviet Union, to which foreigners up to perestroika and glasnost were not allowed to fend off espionage attacks in the Omsk military and space industries.

Omsk is now the location of the 33rd Missile Army.

In the area around Omsk you can still find many Russian- Germans, for example in the German national circle Asowo , who were exiled from the Volga region to Siberia and other parts of the Soviet Union during the war years . Numerous villages not far from Omsk (especially in the Rajon (district) Moskalenki and Issilkul ) were founded by Russian mennonites ; A large number of these Low German ( Plautdietsch ) speaking Mennonites still live there today .

Population development

year	Residents
1725	992
1825	9,000
1858	18,000
1897	37,376
1926	162,000
1939	288,855
1959	581.108
1970	821.151
1979	1,014,246
1989	1,148,418
2002	1,134,016
2010	1,154,116

Note: from 1897 census data (1926 rounded)

Sights and culture

The Omsk Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Omsk is an art and cultural center and has a beautiful old town with facades from several centuries. The St. Nicholas Cathedral (1838–1840) by Vasily Stassow and the Railway Academy by Fredrik Lidvall , who built the Grand Hotel Europe in Saint Petersburg , are a few examples of an architecturally interesting city through and through. Examples of modern architecture are the musical theater in the form of a ski jump or the trading center from the 1980s.

The city of Omsk has 83 libraries, nine museums and several theaters. The oldest, the Schauspielhaus, is over 130 years old. The Philharmonic and the Russian Folk Choir also have a good reputation beyond the borders of Siberia.

Museums

The Omsk Picture Gallery is located in the magnificent Governor's Palace (1859–1862). The large collection includes works by Ilya Repin , Ivan Aivazovsky , Vasily Surikov and many works by Mikhail Vrubel . With this and other collections, Omsk is at the top of the Siberian art museums.

The great Archaeological and Ethnological Museum has an extraordinary collection, including a mammoth skeleton, archaeological finds and works by the Russian avant-garde .

Sports

Three different marathons take place in Omsk every year, namely the Siberian International Marathon (SIM), the Marathon Handicap Omsk and the Siberian Ice Marathon (so-called Omsk Christmas Marathon ). The SIM is one of the most important marathons in Russia, which has been held every first Saturday in August since 1990 and has a certificate from the Association of International Marathon Running (AIMS). The handicap has been run every third Sunday in May since 1996.

The Siberian Ice Marathon takes place for the Russian Christmas festival. It is a half marathon that is run at temperatures around −20 ° C, which poses a special challenge for the athletes. The coldest run took place in the winter of 2001 on January 6th at −42 ° C. The journalist Tom Ockers took part in this run and published a book about it.

With the HK Awangard Omsk , the city provides an ice hockey club in the Continental Hockey League (KHL) . The team were Russian champions in 2004. Its home arena is the Omsk Arena multi-purpose hall, which was completed in 2007 and has almost 10,318 seats and is used for concerts and exhibitions in addition to ice hockey games. Like the football club Chelsea FC, it belongs to the billionaire Roman Abramowitsch . In football , the city is represented by the FK Irtysh Omsk club . The Olympic champions Alexei Tishchenko (boxing), Irina Tschaschtschina (gymnastics) and Yevgenija Kanajewa (rhythmic gymnastics) come from Omsk .

economy

In the 1950s and 1960s, Omsk developed into a major center of petrochemicals . The most important branches of industry are also mechanical engineering, equipment manufacturing, electronics, light and food and woodworking industries. The production of spacecraft, engines, agricultural machinery, petroleum and gas equipment, and building materials are relevant.

In terms of economic power, the city ranks fourth in Russia behind Moscow , Saint Petersburg and Yekaterinburg . Well-known companies include:

• the oil company Gazprom Neft (formerly Sibneft)
• the Belarus tractor factory
• a bus factory in cooperation with Volvo
• a brewery SUN InBev (to AB InBev )

traffic

Local transport

Public transport in the city is handled by the city ​​traffic administration . The main load of the local public transport system is carried by buses and trolleybuses typical of Russia . The tram leads a shadowy existence. The Omsk Metro has been under construction since 1992. The opening has been postponed again and again, mainly due to insufficient funding. The first station of the Alexander Pushkin Library was only opened in 2011 . Completion is not yet in sight, construction has been inactive for years.

There are four road bridges over the Irtysh in the urban area. The "Leningrad Bridge" crosses the river in the city center. The "Bridge of 60 Years of Victory" is 2.5 kilometers to the north and will also be used by the metro in the future. The "Bridge of the 60th Anniversary of the Soviet Lenin Youth Organization" is 4 kilometers north and connects the residential areas on the left of the Irtysh with the industrial areas in the north. A bypass road crosses the river 12 kilometers south of the “Leningrad Bridge”. In between, the railway crosses the river.

Long-distance transport

In the reception building of the Omsk main train station

Omsk is connected to the European part of Russia via the M51 / M5 highways . This leads via the Ural metropolis of Chelyabinsk to Moscow . At the same time, the city is the starting point for the A320 junction , which leads in a south-easterly direction to the Kazakh border and on Kazakh territory via Pavlodar , Semei (Semipalatinsk) and Saissan to the border with the People's Republic of China at Maikaptschigai . The 632 km long R402 connects Omsk with Tyumen in the southern part of the West Siberian lowlands .

Omsk also has an airport that is served by several companies (including Aeroflot via Moscow). Omsk was temporarily the main base of a smaller society ( Omskavia ). Omsk is still connected to the Trans-Siberian Railway , which runs from Moscow through the city and all of Siberia to Vladivostok on the Pacific .

education

Every fourth resident in Omsk studies at one of the 20 colleges and universities . 44 research institutes, including a branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, are active in Omsk. In addition to the four universities (University of Railway Transport, Technical University, Classical University and Pedagogical University), the Medical Academy, the Sports Academy and the Legal Academy are among the leading universities of applied sciences in Russia.

Omsk State Railway University

The following educational institutions are located in the city:

• Branch of the Moscow State Trade University
• Branch of the State Academy of Waterways Transport Novosibirsk
• Branch of the All-Russian Remote Institute of Finance and Economics
• Branch of the Metropolitan Humanities Institute
• Branch of the Russian Remote Textile and Light Industry Institute
• Branch of the Altai State Cultural Institute
• Foreign Language College Omsk
• Institute of the World Economy SibEKO
• Institute for Telecommunications, Services and Diagnostics
• Academy Omsk of the Ministry of Interior of Russia
• Omsk branch of the Institute of Foreign Languages
• Institute of Foreign Languages ​​Omsk
• Omsk Legal Institute
• Omsk State University
• Omsk State Agricultural University
• Omsk State Medical Academy
• Omsk State Technical University
• Omsk State Railway University
• Omsk State Pedagogical University (former A. M. Gorky State Pedagogical Institute Omsk)
• State Service Institute Omsk
• Technical tank institute Omsk
• Pedagogical College No. 4
• Siberian State Academy of Automobile and Road Engineering
• Siberian State Sports Academy
• Siberian Institute of Business and Information Technologies
• Siberian Institute of Automotive and Road Construction

The asteroid (3406) Omsk , discovered by Bella Burnasheva , has been named after the city since 1992.

Town twinning

Omsk lists fourteen international and fourteen domestic twin cities (including Crimea ):

city	country	since
Angarsk	Russia	2011
Antalya	Turkey	2012
Bratsk	Russia	2011
Bryansk	Russia	2010
Burgas	Bulgaria	2013
Danzig	Poland	2008
Fuzhou	People's Republic of China	2013
Gomel	Belarus	2010
Gorno-Altaysk	Russia	2010
Jinju	South Korea	2007
Kaifeng	People's Republic of China	2007
Kaliningrad	Russia	2000
Carlsbad	Czech Republic	2006
Krasnoyarsk	Russia
Łódź	Poland	2008
Lublin	Poland	2009
Minsk	Belarus	2013
Nizhnevartovsk	Urals, Russia
Novosibirsk	Russia	2006
Pavlodar	Kazakhstan	2007
Penza	Russia	2010
Petropavl	Kazakhstan	2003
Puchov	Slovakia	2002
Simferopol	/ Autonomous Republic of Crimea	2008
Stavropol	Russia	2013
Surgut	Urals, Russia	2017
Chelyabinsk	Russia	2002
Ulan-Ude	Russia	2010

Blank

•  Milwaukee , United States , since 1992
•  York Region , Canada , since 1997

sons and daughters of the town

→ Main article : List of sons and daughters of the city of Omsk

Climate table

Omsk
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     22nd   -13 -22     14th   -12 -21     14th   -3 -13     21st   9 -1     34   18th 5     54   24 12     59   26th 14th     54   22nd 11     33   16 6th     34   6th -2     29   -4 -11     22nd   -10 -19 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: Roshydromet , wetterkontor.de

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Omsk Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) −13.1 −11.8 −3.4 8.8 18.2 24.0 25.5 21.9 16.4 6.1 −3.8 −10.2 O 6.6 Min. Temperature (° C) −21.8 −21.3 −13.0 −1.3 5.4 11.5 13.9 10.9 5.6 −2.0 −11.2 −18.6 O −3.4 Precipitation ( mm ) 22nd 14th 14th 21st 34 54 59 54 33 34 29 22nd Σ 390 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 2.2 4.4 5.9 7.8 9.2 10.6 10.4 8.0 6.0 3.4 2.4 2.0 O 6th Rainy days ( d ) 7th 5 4th 5 6th 8th 9 9 7th 9 8th 6th Σ 83 Humidity ( % ) 80 79 78 66 52 58 67 71 70 76 82 81 O 71.6 Source: Roshydromet , wetterkontor.de

literature

• Tom Ockers: Ice skating: In the cold of the Siberia marathon. 1st edition. Ullstein, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-548-68031-3 .

Web links

Commons : Omsk  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Official portal of the city administration (multilingual)
• Omsk on mojgorod.ru (Russian)
• Omsk online maps (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ Info from the Russian Embassy in Berlin
3. ↑ International partners of Omsk City . Retrieved December 6, 2014.
4. ↑ Intermunicipal relations of Omsk City . Retrieved December 6, 2014.