Fuzhou

Fuzhou ( Chinese 福州市 , Pinyin Fúzhōu Shì , outdated Futschou (after Stange ) or Foochow ( Post ), abbrev .: 榕 , Róng ) is the capital of the Chinese province of Fujian . Fuzhou is a prefecture-level city and an important port city on China's southeast coast. It has cross- strait access to the Pacific . Fuzhou is also home to Fujian's main universities and authorities. Fuzhou is nicknamed Banyan City because of the many banyan figs that were planted there 900 years ago and of which there are impressive specimens in the inner city area.

Other names for Fuzhou are:

榕城 , Róngchéng "fig city"
三山 , Sānshān , "three mountains"
左海 , Zuǒhǎi , " Left hand sea"

閩都 / 闽都 , Mǐndū , "Min-Metropole"
The Min Empire (909–945) was one of the Ten Kingdoms in historical China; Min ( 閩 / 闽 , Mǐn ) is also the abbreviation for Fujian Province

geography

Fuzhou is located on the lower reaches of the Min River .

climate

Fuzhou has a sub-tropical climate with four seasons, which is characterized by the proximity of the mountains and the city's location on the coast. The annual average temperature is 19.6 ° C, with January being the coolest month with an average of 10.5 ° C. July is the warmest with an average of 28.6 ° C, with temperatures above 36 ° C being no exception. Fuzhou has an annual rainfall of 1342.5 mm and the average air humidity is 77%. Between the years, the amount of precipitation can fluctuate between 900 and 2,100 mm. The sun shines in Fuzhou on an average of 326 days a year, which gives the city between 1700 and 1980 hours of sunshine annually. The wind usually blows from the northeast, only in summer southerly winds predominate. The typhoon season falls from July to September. On an annual average, Fuzhou is directly affected by two typhoons. The months April to November are considered the best travel time.

Average Temperatures and Rainfall for Fuzhou, 1971–2000

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C )	15.2	15.2	18.1	23.2	26.7	30.5	34.1	33.3	30.2	26.4	22.0	17.7	O	24.4
Min. Temperature (° C)	8.2	8.3	10.6	15.0	19.2	23.0	25.5	25.1	23.0	19.3	14.8	10.1	O	16.9

Precipitation ( mm )	48.0	86.6	145.4	166.5	193.7	208.9	98.8	179.7	145.0	47.6	41.3	32.0	Σ	1,393.5

Hours of sunshine ( h / d )	4.1	3.4	3.6	4.6	4.5	5.1	8.7	7.8	6.2	5.4	4.4	4.1	O	5.2

Rainy days ( d )	9.7	14.4	17.5	17.8	18.2	15.9	10.4	12.1	11.6	7.1	7.2	7.1	Σ	149

Humidity ( % )	74	78	80	80	81	82	77	77	76	71	70	70	O	76.3

Source: China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System; wetterkontor.de

Satellite image of Fuzhou

Cityscape

Administrative structure

The prefecture-level city of Fuzhou is divided into six urban districts, one county-level city and six counties (see there for more detailed information). 2.8 million people live in the actual urban settlement area of Fuzhou (2010 census) .:

	Surname	transcription	Area (km²)	Inhabitants (2004)
Borough	鼓楼区	Gulou	37	490,000
Borough	台江区	Taijiang	18th	310,000
Borough	仓山区	Cangshan	139	370,000
Borough	马尾区	Mawei	254	150,000
Borough	晋安区	Jin'an	567	250,000
Borough	长乐区	Changle	718	670,000
city	福清市	Fuqing	1932	1,200,000
circle	闽侯县	Minhou	2133	610,000
circle	连江县	Lianjiang	1191	620,000
circle	罗源县	Luoyuan	1081	250,000
circle	闽清县	Minqing	1469	300,000
circle	永泰县	Yongtai	2244	360,000
circle	平潭县	Pingtan	371	390,000

population

It is said that around 20% of the population is Christian.

Ethnic classification

The 2000 census counted 6,386,015 residents of Fuzhou.

Name of the people	Residents	proportion of
Han	6,315,613	98.9%
She	48,152	0.75%
Hui	9,516	0.15%
Manchu	2,505	0.04%
Tujia	1,867	0.03%
Miao	1,717	0.03%
Zhuang	1,363	0.02%
Mongols	1,035	0.02%
Yi	734	0.01%
Dong	664	0.01%
Others	2,849	0.04%

language

The local language belongs to the Min Dong dialect group .

history

antiquity

Roof tiles from the Minyue period, now in the Fuzhou City Museum

Legend has it that Ou Yezi forged swords 2000 years ago at the Ouye pond in what is now the Gulou district .

Excavations show that Fuzhou's history began as early as the Neolithic . Finds from the Keqitou tomb ( Pingtan County ) are dated to 5000 BC. Dated to 3000 years ago from the Tanshishan burial site ( Minhou County ). The people who settled the region of Fuzhou at the end of the Stone Age practiced hacking and growing wet rice . Around 1200 BC When the Shang dynasty ruled the central Chinese plains , the area entered the Bronze Age , whereby the melting technique was very primitive and clay vessels continued to dominate. Relevant finds were made mainly in the lower reaches of the Min River.

Up until the Warring States' era , exchanges with the people of the central Chinese plain remained very limited. The chronicles written there are only very vague about the region: the Shanhaijing knows that the Min is a sea , while the Zhou rites mention the Seven Min . With the time of the spring and autumn annals , the term minyue also appears. The population that settled here at that time is not identical to the population today: The former residents are known as the old Min or Minyue .

In 306 BC Chr. Is Yue by Chu extinguished. Part of the Yue aristocracy fled south, where they mingled with the local population. After in the year 222 BC When the Qin dynasty unified China for the first time in the 3rd century BC , they established the Minzhong commandant's office , to which today's Fujian and the south of today's Zhejiang belonged. However, this administrative unit only existed formally; the Qin rulers had appointed the Minyue king as commander, who held power largely in his hands, while the influence of the Qin was very little.

Because of the geographical distance, the central power in the Qin capital did not send a military governor. After the transition to the Han , Emperor Han Gaozu installed the Minyue nobleman Wu Zhu as King of Minyue , who had to administer the region. Wu Zhu founded a city in what is now Fuzhou, which he called Yecheng or Dongye , and began building city walls. Thus, for the first time in history, an administrative center for the surrounding region was established here. After a period of rapid cultural and economic development, 110 B.C. Minyue wiped out by Emperor Han Wudi after King Yushan opposed this. The population is forced to emigrate to regions south of the Huai He , and Yecheng falls into disrepair.

In the year 85 BC Returned Minyue found a new settlement called Yexian, located in the area of today's Gulou and belonging to the Guiji commandant. Whether the headquarters were under Han rule or whether the Minyue ruled themselves autonomously is as controversial as the exact location of Yexian. It is suspected not only in Fuzhou, but also in what is now Jiangsu . However, the period between the extinction of Minyue and the Wu Dynasty is marked by low human activity. Archaeological research shows that Fuzhou and the whole of today's Fujian Province were very sparsely populated at that time.

Opium Wars

During the First Opium War , the port of Fuzhou had to be opened to trade. In Fuzhou there is also a memorial for Lin Zexu , the official who had confiscated opium destroyed in Guangzhou , ultimately triggering the 1st Opium War .

People's Republic of China

Communist slogan at the south gate, 1957.

After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the city administration began to implement social reforms. The private schools and educational institutions were dissolved and merged with newly established public schools, and many educational institutions were closed. From the three and five anti-campaigns of the early 1950s, the state began to take over some of the private companies, then all of them . Due to the proximity to Taiwan, an arms race in propaganda and the air force began at the same time. In May 1966, Fuzhou was seized by the Cultural Revolution ; in August of the same year, the Red Guards of the East Sea Front, the first organization of the Red Guards in Fuzhou, were founded and an uproar began in the city administration. The cultural heritage was affected and in 1967 widespread fighting broke out. In January 1969, the urban deportations began for the city's educated youth. It was not until April 1978 that the rehabilitation of victims of the Cultural Revolution began. Two years later, on March 30, 1980, the central government approved the opening of the city and Fuzhou became an open coastal city . In 1981 the first Sino-Japanese joint venture was established in Fuzhou with a factory for television sets .

On January 23, 1985, the central government approved the establishment of an economic and technology park in Mawei . Since relations between Taiwan and the mainland have also improved since 1979, contacts between the populations west and east of the Taiwan Strait have returned. The city's economic growth accelerated in the 1990s, making Fuzhou the center of the economic agglomeration west of the Taiwan Strait.

In the 1970s the political situation caused a new wave of emigration from Fuzhou, the main destinations of which were the USA, Canada, Japan and Europe. Among the youngest generation of overseas Chinese , people with Fuzhou as their place of origin constitute one of the largest groups.

economy

Shopping street in Fuzhou

Since economic liberalization in 1979, Fuzhou has been opened to foreign investors and a lot of money has flowed into the city, as well as into other cities in Fujian Province , e.g. B. Quanzhou and Xiamen .

Economic data

Gross Domestic Product - Total: 116.1 billion yuan

Gross domestic product per capita: 19,387 renminbi

Exports: 3,534,000 US dollars

Imports: 2,861 million US dollars

The ZhongDe Group, a manufacturer of waste incineration plants, has its main production facility here. But the exporting food industry and retail trade are also an important economic pillar of the metropolis. The Fuzhou Yonghui Supermarket Company has its headquarters in Fuzhou and controls over 160 supermarkets in the provinces of Fujian and Chongqing from here . The Hamburg-based Asian Bamboo AG produces ready-to-eat organic bamboo shoots for export to Japan .

Education and culture

Universities and colleges

Fuzhou University ( Chinese 福州大学 ) (founded in 1958, one of 106 Chinese universities included in Project 211 );
Fujian College of Engineering ( Chinese 福建工程学院 );
Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ( Chinese 福建中医学院 );
Fujian Medical University ( Chinese 福建医科大学 );
Minjiang College ( Chinese 闽江学院 );
Fujian Pedagogical University ( Chinese 福建师范大学 ) (founded 1907);
University of Agriculture and Forestry Fujian ( Chinese 福建农林大学 ) (has had a university cooperation with the Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau in Germany since 2008 ).

music

As part of the Chinese Opera Festival 2011, the Vienna Operetta Summer was the only European participant to stage the operetta Wiener Blut by Johann Strauss as a Chinese premiere .

Buildings

tourism

In 2002, 328,000 tourists visited Fuzhou prefecture-level city. Special sights are the island of Pingtan off the coast and the mountain Gu Shan (Drum Mountain ).

Town twinning

Fuzhou lists the following twin cities :

city	country	since
Goroka	Papua New Guinea Eastern Highlands, Papua New Guinea
Mombasa	Kenya Kenya	2008
Nagasaki	Japan Japan	1982
Naha	Japan Japan	1981
Omsk	Russia Russia	2013
Shoalhaven City	Australia New South Wales, Australia	2003
Syracuse	United States New York, United States	1991
Tacoma	United States Washington, United States	1991

Personalities

Yan Fu (1853–1921), translator and scholar
Cheng Tien-hsi (1884–1970), lawyer, politician and diplomat
Li Yan (1892–1963), mathematician
Chen Jingrun (1933–1996), mathematician
Zheng Xiaoyu (1944-2007), civil servant
Huang Xiaojing (born 1946), politician
Liu Mingkang (* 1946), chairman of the Chinese banking regulator
Zheng Meizhu (* 1962), volleyball player
Hou Yuzhu (* 1963), volleyball player
Lin Ling (* 1977), table tennis player
Zhang Jie (* 1987), weightlifter
Xu Yunli (* 1987), volleyball player
Yu Qi (* around 1988), badminton player
Tian Houwei (* 1992), badminton player
Lin Li (* 1992), volleyball player

Individual evidence

↑ 人民网: 福州地理 , May 8, 2004, visited on November 19, 2012

↑ 中国气象局国家气象信息中心 ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , visited on November 18, 2012.@1@ 2

↑ Fujian (China): Prefecture Level, Cities & Counties - Population Statistics, Maps, Graphics, Weather and Web Information. Retrieved February 5, 2018 .

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Xu Xiaowang: General History of Fujian, Volksverlag Fujian, 2006 (徐晓望，福建通史，福建人民出版社， 2006 年)

↑ ^a ^b ^c Annalen von Fuzhou, Heimatkunde-Verlag, Dec. 1998, ISBN 7-80122-400-0 (福州市志，方志出版社)

↑ 司马迁，史记 · 越王句践世家，中华书局

↑ 司马迁，史记 · 秦始皇本纪，中华书局

↑ 司马迁，史记 · 东越列传，中华书局

↑ 宋书 · 州郡志，中华书局

↑ 马尾区志，方志出版社， 2002.5 ，ISBN 7-80122-616-X

↑ 国务院常务会通过支持闽加快建设海西经济区意见，新华网

↑ 新闻背景：海峡西岸经济区，新华网

↑ 国务院发布加快建设海西意见全文，海都网

↑ Pieke, Frank N. ， Transnational Chinese: Fujianese migrants in Europe. Stanford University Press．2004. ISBN 0-8047-4995-7．

↑ 庄国土, “从跳船者到东百老汇大街的“ 主人 ”: 近 20 年来福州人移民美国研究”, 《华侨华人历史研究》, 2003 年第 3 期

↑ Figures: Fujian Statistical Yearbook 2003 (figures from 2002)

^ Company website

↑ International friendship between cities . Archived from the original on March 29, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 28, 2016. @1@ 2

literature

Siegfried Englert : The Fujian Province in the PR China . Annweiler: Plöger, 2013. ISBN 978-3-89857-289-7 . Pp. 207-232

Web links

Commons : Fuzhou - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Official Website (Chinese)

[1] 人民网: 福州地理 , May 8, 2004, visited on November 19, 2012