Zhejiang
Abbreviation : 浙 ( Pinyin : Zhè) | |
Capital | Hangzhou |
surface - Total |
Rank 25 out of 33 101 800 km² |
population
- Total 2016 |
Rank 10 out of 33
55,900,000 inhabitants |
Management type | province |
governor | Yuan Jiajun |
ISO-3166-2 code | CN-ZJ |
District level | 2 sub-provincial cities, 9 prefecture-level cities |
District level | 32 districts, 37 urban districts, 20 independent cities, 1 autonomous district |
Community level | 670 large parishes, 293 parishes, 18 nationality parishes, 375 street districts |
Zhejiang ( Chinese 浙江 , Pinyin Zhèjiāng ) is a province of the People's Republic of China . Zhejiang is located on the coast of the East China Sea in southeast China. The capital of Zhejiang is Hangzhou . Although the province has been part of the People's Republic of China since October 1, 1949, it was also listed as a province of their state until 1955 by the authorities of the Republic of China , whose government fled to the island of Taiwan in 1949 . That year, the Republic of China lost control of the Dachen and Yijiangshan Islands of Zhejiang to the People's Republic .
geography
Zhejiang is located south of the Yangtze River Delta in the southeast of the People's Republic of China and borders Jiangsu and Shanghai in the north, the East China Sea in the east, Fujian in the south and Jiangxi and Anhui in the west . Zhejiang is one of the smaller provinces of China with a north-south and east-west extension of about 450 kilometers, Zhejiang's share of the total area of China is only 1.1%. Zhejiang is divided into six zones: a plain in the north, hill country in the west, a basin around the cities of Jinhua and Quzhou , hill country in the south, the hill country on the coast and the islands off the coast.
Zhejiang has a complex relief and is a mountainous province despite its coastal location: 74.6% of the area is mountains, 20.3% are basins and plains and the remaining 5.1% are bodies of water (lakes and rivers). The relief slopes from southwest to northeast. Three mountain ranges stretch across the province from southwest to northeast. The western Huaiyu Mountains range from the border with Jiangxi to Tianmu Shan and Qianligang Shan . The middle mountain range consists of the Xianxia Ling on the border with Fujian, the Siming Shan , the Kuaiji Shan , the Tiantai Shan and the archipelago around Zhoushan . The eastern chain includes the Donggong Shan on the Fujian border, the Dayang Shan , Kuocang Shan , and the Yandangshan . The highest point in the province with 1929 meters is called Huangmaojian and is located in the area of the city of Longquan .
The most important rivers in the province are the Qiantang River , also known as the "Zhe River", which gave the province its name, the Ou Jiang , Ling Jiang , Tiao Xi , Yong Jiang , Feiyun Jiang , Ao Jiang and Caoe Jiang , in addition, parts of the Kaiserkanal run through the province. The four largest natural lakes of Zhejiang are the West Lake near Hangzhou, the Baltic Sea near Shaoxing , the Zhejiang near Jiaxing , and the Dongqian Hu near Ningbo . In addition, the Qiandao Hu, the largest reservoir in the province, was created through the construction of the hydropower plant on Xin'an Jiang . Zhejiang is the province with the most islands in China: Zhejiang has 2878 islands with an area of more than 500 square meters, of which 26 are larger than 10 square kilometers. With just under 503 square kilometers, Zhoushan is the third largest island in the People's Republic of China after Hainan and Chongming .
climate
Zhejiang has a subtropical , warm and humid climate with four seasons. The average temperatures rise from north to south and are between 2 and 8 ° C in January, between 27 and 30 ° C in July and between 15 and 18 ° C on an annual average. The annual amount of precipitation is between 1100 and 2000 millimeters, the annual sunshine duration between 1100 and 2200 hours. Most of the precipitation falls in the months of May and June. Typhoons often occur in summer and autumn, and on August 10, 2006, the province was badly hit by typhoon Saomai .
Administrative structure
As of the end of 2018, Zhejiang was made up of the two sub-provincial cities of Hangzhou and Ningbo as well as the nine district-free cities of Huzhou , Jiaxing , Jinhua , Lishui , Quzhou , Shaoxing , Taizhou , Wenzhou and Zhoushan . At the district level there were 19 independent cities , 37 urban districts and 33 districts , one of which was an autonomous district . At the municipal level, the administrative units just mentioned are made up of 269 municipalities , 639 large municipalities and 467 street districts. The numbering in the following table corresponds to that on the adjacent card.
# | region | Chin. | Hanyu pinyin | Area (km²) |
Population (2018) |
administrative seat |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- Immediate provincial administrative zones - | ||||||||||
1 | Hangzhou | 杭州市 | Hángzhōu Shì | 16,853.57 | 9,806,000 | Jianggan | ||||
2 | Ningbo | 宁波 市 | Níngbō Shì | 9,365.58 | 8,202,000 | Yinzhou | ||||
- District-free cities - | ||||||||||
3 | Huzhou | 湖州 市 | Húzhōu Shì | 5,820.13 | 3,027,000 | Wuxing | ||||
4th | Jiaxing | 嘉兴 市 | Jiāxīng Shì | 4,275.05 | 4,726,000 | Nanhu | ||||
5 | Jinhua | 金华 市 | Jīnhuá Shì | 10,941.42 | 5,604,000 | Wucheng | ||||
6th | Lishui | 丽水 市 | Líshuǐ Shì | 17,298.00 | 2,199,000 | Liandu | ||||
7th | Quzhou | 衢州 市 | Quzhou Shi | 8,844.79 | 2,209,000 | Kecheng | ||||
8th | Shaoxing | 绍兴 市 | Shàoxīng Shì | 8,274.79 | 5,035,000 | Yuecheng | ||||
9 | Taizhou | 台 州市 | Tāizhōu Shì | 10,083.39 | 6,139,000 | Jiaojiang | ||||
10 | Wenzhou | 温州 市 | Wēnzhōu Shì | 11,612.94 | 9,250,000 | Lucheng | ||||
11 | Zhoushan | 舟山 市 | Zhōushān Shì | 1,378.00 | 1,173,000 | Dinghai | ||||
Zhejiang | 浙江省 | Zhèjiāng Shěng | 104,300.00 | 57,370,000 | Hangzhou |
Biggest cities
Due to the relatively high urbanization, Zhejiang already had six megacities in 2010. The ten largest cities in the province with the actual urban settlement population as of the 2010 census are as follows:
rank | city | population | rank | city | population |
1 | Hangzhou | 5,578,288 | 6th | Cixi | 1,059,942 |
2 | Wenzhou | 2,686,825 | 7th | Rui'an | 927.383 |
3 | Ningbo | 2,583,073 | 8th | Yiwu | 878.903 |
4th | Shaoxing | 1,725,726 | 9 | Jiaxing | 762,643 |
5 | Taizhou | 1,189,276 | 10 | Wenling | 749.013 |
population
The population estimate for 2018 showed a resident population of 57.37 million people for Zhejiang, which means an increase of 800,000 people compared to the previous year. The resident population was 51.2% men and 48.8% women. There were 6.28 million births and 3.18 million deaths, giving a natural population growth of 0.54%. Almost 70% of the population lived in cities. The population census of the year 2000 showed a total population of 45,930,651 people in 14,136,915 households, of which 23,581,512 men and 22,349,139 women. The same census found that 8,292,859 people under the age of 14, 33,539,208 people between the ages of 15 and 64, and 4,098,584 people over the age of 65 lived in Zhejiang.
In 2010, the average life expectancy was 77.3 years (women: 80.2 years, men: 75.6 years), making Zhejiang well above the average for China of 74.8 years and the province with the highest behind the cities directly under the government Life expectancy is.
The Han Chinese make up the overwhelming majority of the population at 99.2%; according to the 2000 population census, 399,700 ethnic minorities lived in Zhejiang. The most important groups were the She (170,993 people), the Tujia (55,310 people), the Miao (53,418 people), the Buyi (21,457 people), the Hui (19,609 people), the Zhuang (18,998 people) and the Dong (17,960 People). Of these, only the She and the Hui were resident in Zhejiang before the establishment of the People's Republic, the other minorities came to the province through migration after 1949. The She live mainly in the rural areas of Wenzhou and Lishui . Zhejiang has 18 nationality communities for the She minority, there are around 400 villages where the She make up at least 30% of the population.
Population development
Population growth in the province since 1954.
year | population |
---|---|
1954 census | 22,865,747 |
1964 census | 28,318,573 |
1982 census | 38.884.603 |
1990 census | 41,446,015 |
2000 census | 45.930.651 |
2010 census | 54,426,891 |
Guess 2016 | 55,900,000 |
economy
In 2015, the province had a GDP of 4.29 trillion yuan (688 billion US dollars), fourth among the provinces of China. The GDP per capita was 83,538 yuan (US $ 12,577 / PPP : US $ 24,054) per year (5th place among the Chinese administrative units). The level of prosperity in the province was thus roughly on par with Chile and was 155% of the Chinese average.
The average income per capita of the urban population is 18,265 RMB (2006) and has been in 3rd place for 6 years (behind Shanghai and Beijing).
The average income per capita of rural residents is 7,335 RMB (2006) and is 1st in 22 years (at the provincial level)
The most important economic city in the province and one of the richest cities in the country is Hangzhou .
Agriculture
Zhejiang is known as the "land of fish and rice". The plain in the north of the province is an agricultural center and the largest producer of silk in China. The Zhoushan area is the largest fishing area in the country.
Rice is the main agricultural product, followed by wheat, corn and sweet potatoes. Jute, cotton, rapeseed and sugar cane are also grown.
Industry
Major industries are electromechanical, shipbuilding, textiles, chemicals, food processing and building materials.
Economic policy
Zhejiang has developed its own development program promoting entrepreneurship, giving high priority and a focus on small business development, investment in infrastructure and mass production of cheap products for both consumption in China and export. Zhejiang has become one of the richest provinces in China. However, some economists doubt that the model is sustainable.
traffic
There are several railway lines and a dense road network in Zhejiang. Ningbo , Wenzhou , Taizhou and Zhoushan are important ports from which there are especially many connections to Shanghai .
The 6-lane Hangzhou Bridge , which runs 95 km to the east over the great Hangzhou Bay , was opened on May 1, 2008 after around 10 years of planning and construction. With a length of 35.673 km, it is the second longest overseas bridge in the world. This shortens the road distance between Shanghai and Ningbo by 120 km. Construction of the stay cable structure began in November 2003 and cost 11.8 billion yuan (US $ 1.1 billion).
Culture
The capital Hangzhou is the center of tourism in the province with the West Lake (西湖), the Liuhe Pagoda, the tomb of Yue Fei and the Lingyinsi Temple. Other important destinations for tourists are
- the Baoguo Temple , the oldest wooden structure in southern China (near Ningbo)
- Putuo , a famous island that Chinese Buddhists see in connection with Guanyin
- the Qita Temple in Ningbo
- the Tiantai Shan , an important mountain for Tendai Buddhism and Zen Buddhism and
- the Yandangshan , a mountainous region predominantly in the northeast of Wenzhou
- since 2007 the open-air museums of Wuzhen , especially Wuzhen Xizha , have also been advertised internationally.
Zhejiang is home to numerous monuments of the People's Republic of China .
Web links
- Official website of Zhejiang Province (Chinese). Retrieved September 14, 2014 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c 地理 概况. In: 了解 浙江.浙江省 人民政府 办公厅, March 14, 2019, accessed on September 18, 2019 (Chinese).
- ↑ 气候 特点. In: 了解 浙江.浙江省 人民政府 办公厅, November 2, 2016, accessed on September 18, 2019 (Chinese).
- ^ Name-cn. In: 浙江省. State Statistics Office of the People's Republic of China , accessed September 18, 2019 (Chinese).
- ↑ 2018 年 浙江省 行政 区划 统计表. In: 了解 浙江.浙江省 人民政府 办公厅, March 14, 2019, accessed on September 18, 2019 (Chinese).
- ↑ 2018 年 浙江省 人口 主要 数据 公报 (“Communication on the most important dates of the province of Zhejiiang”). Zhejiang Provincial Government, January 30, 2019, accessed November 29, 2019 (Chinese (simplified)).
- ↑ 2018 年 浙江省 1% 人口 抽样 调查 主要 数据 公报. In: 了解 浙江.浙江省 人民政府 办公厅, March 13, 2019, accessed on September 18, 2019 (Chinese).
- ↑ 浙江省 乡 、 镇 、 街道 人口. State Statistics Office of the People's Republic of China , archived from the original on August 23, 2019 ; accessed on June 11, 2019 (Chinese).
- ↑ 分 地区 人口 平均 预期 寿命. In: Statistical Yearbook of the People's Republic of China 2013. Retrieved September 18, 2019 .
- ↑ 浙江省 少数民族 概况. In: 了解 浙江.浙江省 人民政府 办公厅, March 27, 2015, accessed on September 18, 2019 (Chinese).
- ↑ China: Provinces and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather, and Web Information. Retrieved May 7, 2018 .
- ^ National Data. Retrieved December 4, 2017 .
Coordinates: 29 ° 25 ' N , 121 ° 0' E