Special Administrative Region
The Special Administrative Region ( Chinese 特別 行政區 / 特别 行政区 , Pinyin , Jyutping Dak 6 bit 6 Hang 4 zing 3 keoi 1 , Yale Dak 6 bit 6 Hang 4 jing 3 keui 1 , IPA ( Cantonese) tɐk 6 piːt 6 hɐŋ 4 tsɪŋ 3 kʰɵy 1 , English Special Administrative Region, short: SAR ; Portuguese ) is an administrative unit in the People's Republic of China . There are currently two special administrative areas at the national level, Hong Kong and Macau , each with a top government official of the special administrative area, the chief executive , as head of government . There is also the Wolong ( en ) Special Administrative Region in the province of Sichuan , which has a different legal status.
Special administrative areas were established on the basis of Article 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China . This article allows the National People's Congress to establish special administrative zones and to equip them with a basic law, a high degree of internal autonomy , and their own political and economic system.
The principle of one country, two systems , on which the special administrative areas are based, was developed by Deng Xiaoping . In 1984 he explained it in a speech to Hong Kong personalities. One country means the People's Republic of China, and the Special Administrative Region is considered a local government within the People's Republic of China. In the same speech, Deng also explained the principle of Hong Kong administration by Hong Kongers . Accordingly, Beijing does not want to send any officials to the government of the special administrative zone, but only to station troops as a symbol of state sovereignty in the former crown colony .
The People's Republic of China has offered Taiwan Special Administrative Region status in the event of reunification. However, this does not accept this and polls indicate that this principle is also rejected by the majority of Taiwanese voters.
The special administrative zones, although they are not sovereign states, have their own customs administrations and their own trade policy . They are also members of the WTO for themselves .