National People's Congress

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全国 人民 代表 大会
National People's Congress
emblem The Great Hall of the People
logo The Great Hall of the People
Basic data
Seat: Great Hall of the People , Beijing
Legislative period : 5 years
First session: September 15, 1954
MPs: 2,980
Current legislative period
Last choice: December 2017 to January 2018
Chair: Executive Chairman of the Bureau of the National People's Congress
Li Zhanshu , Wang Chen , Cao Jianming , Zhang Chunxian , Shen Yueyue , Ji Bingxuan , Arken Imirbaki , Wang Dongming , Padma Choling (all CCP ), Wan Exiang ( RKK ), Chen Zhu ( CDPBA ), Ding Zhongli ( DL ), Hao Mingjin ( DSC ), Cai Dafeng ( CVFD ), Wu Weihua ( Jiusan )
Chairman of the Standing Committee
Li Zhanshu ( CCP )
2103
64
54
43
38
13
476
19th
2103 64 54 43 38 13 476 19th 
Distribution of seats:
  • CCP 2,103
  • Jiusan 64
  • DL 58
  • DSC 57
  • CDPBA 55
  • CVFD 54
  • RKK 43
  • ZGP 38
  • DST 13
  • non-attached 476
  • vacant 19
    		•
    Website
    www.npc.gov.cn
    Third annual meeting of the 12th National People's Congress, March 2015

    The National People's Congress ( Chinese  全國 人民 代表 大會  /  全国 人民 代表大会 , Pinyin Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì ; short NVK 人大 , Réndà , English NPC ) is formally the Parliament of the People's Republic of China . Since opposition parties are not allowed to be elected to parliament due to the one-party rule of the Communist Party of China (and smaller bloc parties of the National Front , the so-called " Eight Democratic Parties and Groups "), the People's Congress is seen as a pure approval body for decisions by the central government or party. Thus it is in fact a sham parliament (a voting machine ), the elections are considered sham elections .

    As a rule, the National People's Congress has around 3,000 members, making it formally the largest parliament in the world. The legal basis are Articles 57 to 78 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China . MPs said they had no say in or represent the voters from their constituency, including MP Hu Xiaoyan before the BBC in 2009. She said:

    "As a parliamentary representative, I don't have any real power."

    "As a parliamentary representative, I have no real power."

    The MPs always decide almost unanimously and have (with the exception of a motorway law in 2000) never rejected a law since the People's Congress was founded. In 2014, the Communist Party officially declared that the People's Congress must "hold steadfastly to the leadership of the Communist Party". Li Zhanshu has been the chairman of the Standing Committee of the 13th NPC since 2018 .

    Legislative periods of the National People's Congress

    congress year Total number Female Delegate Women% Output Minor Minor % Ref
    1. NVK 1954 1226 147 12 178 14.5
    2. NVK 1959 1,226 150 12.2 179 14.6
    3. NVK 1964 3,040 542 17.8 372 12.2
    4. NVK 1975 2,885 653 22.6 270 9.4
    5. NVK 1978 3,497 742 21.2 381 10.9
    6. NVK 1983 2,978 632 21.2 403 13.5
    7. NVK 1988 2,978 634 21.3 445 14.9
    8th NVK 1993 2,978 626 21st 439 14.8
    9. NVK 1998 2,979 650 21.8 428 14.4
    10th NPC 2003 2,985 604 20.2 414 13.9
    11th NPC 2008 2,987 637 21.3 411 13.8
    12. NVK 2013 2,987 699 23.4 409 13.7
    13th NVK 2018 2,980 742 24.9 438 14.7

    The parties that have been represented in the National People's Congress since 1954 are the CCP and the " Eight Democratic Parties and Groups ".

    meeting

    Sessions of the National People's Congress are held in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing , once a year (usually in March) under Article 61 of the Constitution. In 2019, the People's Congress met from March 5, the session will last ten days. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic , the start of the 2020 meeting has been postponed to May 22nd.

    composition

    choice

    The deputies are elected “by the provinces, the autonomous regions, the cities subordinate to the government, the special administrative regions and the army units. All national minorities are entitled to be adequately represented ”(Article 59 of the Constitution).

    The legislative period lasts five years (Article 60 of the Constitution).

    Delegations

    Depending on the electoral unit (province etc.), the representatives form a so-called delegation, which roughly corresponds to a parliamentary group in other parliaments.

    There are 35 delegations:

    Twelfth legislative term

    The elections of the 35 delegations for the twelfth legislative period (2013–2018) were confirmed as valid in February 2013. The first annual session of the twelfth legislative period took place from March 5th to 17th, 2013. The first session of the CPPCC opened two days earlier . The proportion of women in this legislative period is 23.40% (699 delegates) and of the 55 officially recognized national minorities, 409 delegates (13.69%) are represented in the People's Congress.

    tasks

    The National People's Congress elects on the proposal of the National Party Congress of the Communist Party of China

    Standing Committee

    The main body of the National People's Congress is the Standing Committee with 161 members. It meets six times a year.

    One of its most important tasks is its exclusive right to propose government offices.

    Chairperson

    literature

    Web links

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ About Congress at npc.gov.cn, accessed on November 10, 2013 (English).
    2. ↑ CHINA: Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui (National People's Congress) . Inter-Parliamentary Union , accessed November 10, 2013.
    3. ^ Jürgen Hartmann: Politics in China. An introduction. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2007, p. 110.
    4. ^ How China is ruled: National People's Congress. In: BBC News. Archived from the original on October 17, 2007 ; accessed on February 15, 2017 .
    5. ^ Nothing to see but comfort for Xi at China's annual parliament. In: Reuters . March 16, 2017, archived from the original on March 5, 2018 ; accessed on March 4, 2018 .
    6. ↑ Sui-Lee Wee: China's Parliament Is a Growing Billionaires' Club. In: The New York Times . March 1, 2018, archived from the original on March 3, 2018 ; Retrieved March 4, 2018 (American English).
    7. ^ Te-Ping Chen: At China's Rubber Stamp Parliament, Real Stamps Are All the Rage. In: WSJ. March 5, 2016, archived from the original on March 5, 2018 ; Retrieved March 4, 2018 (American English).
    8. ↑ Constitution of the People's Republic of China
    9. ↑ Bristow, Michael, "Chinese delegate has 'no power'" Please specify either wayback - or webciteID - or archive-is - or archiv-url parameters , BBC News, Beijing, Wednesday, March 4, 2009
    10. ↑ Shi Ting: China's National People's Congress: What You Need to Know. Bloomberg , March 3, 2016; archived from the original on April 23, 2017 ; accessed on September 28, 2016 .
    11. ↑ Li Zhanshu_China National People's Congress. Retrieved January 25, 2019 .
    12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Number of Deputies to All the Previous National People's Congresses in 2005 Statistical Yearbook, source: National Bureau of Statistics of China . Retrieved June 30, 2010.
    13. ↑ 十一届 全国人大 代表 将 亮相: 结构 优化 构成 广泛http://npc.people.com.cn/GB/15017/6937517.html ; 十一届 全国人大 代表 将 亮相: 结构 优化 构成 广泛, https://web.archive.org/web/20120406123118/ ; http://npc.people.com.cn/GB/15017/6937517.html
    14. ↑ Xinhua News Agency: New nat'l legislature sees more diversity . Npc.gov.cn. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
    15. ↑ 12th Congress information from International Parliamentary Union: IPU PARLINE Database: General Information . Retrieved June 9, 2013.
    16. ↑ China's top legislature to convene annual session on March 5_China National People's Congress. Retrieved January 25, 2019 .
    17. ↑ Johnny Erling: China's leadership warns MPs against criticism of Xi Jinping at the People's Congress. Der Standard , March 4, 2019, accessed the day after.
    18. ↑ China may shorten 2020 'two sessions' rescheduled in late May: insider. Global Times, April 29, 2020, accessed May 15, 2020 .
    19. ↑ Sebastian Heilmann "Characteristics of the Political System", information on political education No. 289/2005
    20. ↑ The 35 delegations and their members on npc.gov.cn, accessed on November 10, 2013 (Chinese).
    21. ↑ All 2987 candidates for the 12th National People's Congress have been confirmed . Beijing Rundschau, February 26, 2013.
    22. ↑ National People's Congress in Beijing: China pumps up military budget . Süddeutsche.de of March 5, 2013.
    23. ↑ China's top legislature concludes annual session on china.org.cn on March 17, 2013 (English).
    24. ↑ China Convenes the 12th National People's Congress . CSIS of March 5, 2013 (English).
    25. ↑ 肩负 起 人民 的 重托 —— 十二 届 全国人大 代表 构成 特色 分析 ( Memento from May 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). Xinhua February 27, 2013 (Chinese).
    26. ↑ New nat'l legislature sees more diversity on npc.gov.cn of February 27, 2013 (English).
    27. ↑ elimination margins at 8 pct for election of NPC Standing Committee members ( Memento of 14 October 2013 Internet Archive ). Xinhua March 14, 2013 (English).