Jyutping

Jyutping
Chinese
Long characters	粵 拼
Abbreviation	粤 拼
Standard Chinese
Pinyin	Yuèpīn
Flat share	Yüeh⁴-pʻin¹
Cantonese
Jyutping	Jyut6ping1 * 3
Yale	Yuhtping

The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme ( Chinese  香港語言學學會粵語拼音方案  /  香港语言学学会粤语拼音方案 , Pinyin Xiānggǎng Yǔyánxué Xuehui Yuèyǔ Pinyin Fang'an , Jyutping Hoeng ¹ gong ² Jyu ⁵ jin ⁴ hok ⁶ Hok ⁶ wui ² Jyut ⁶ jyu ⁵ Ping ^{1 * 3} jam ¹ Fong ¹ on ³ ), mostly just Jyutping , more rarely Jyutpin ( 粵 拼  /  粤 拼 ), is a transcription of the Cantonese language . It was published in 1983 by the "Linguistic Society of Hong Kong", "LSHK" for short, ( 香港 語言學 學會  /  香港 语言学 学会 ) for use as an official standard. In addition to Hong Kong, Jyutping is also used in various institutes in Taiwan and Japan . Various educational institutes as well as colleges and universities in Hong Kong use the Jyutping system. These include, for example, the Chinese University of Hong Kong , the University of Hong Kong , the Polytechnic University of Hong Kong , the City University of Hong Kong and the Education University of Hong Kong. Along with the Yale Romanization, it is one of the most widely used transcriptions from Cantonese into the Latin alphabet.

Transcription / transcription table

Chinese characters usually represent a syllable as the sound structure of a morpheme . Syllables are made up of an initial ( 聲母  /  声母 , shēngmǔ , Jyutping sing ¹ mou ⁵ ) and an end ( 韻母  /  韵母 , yùnmǔ , Jyutping wan ⁵ mou ⁵ ). Cantonese, like standard Chinese, is also a tonal language . This allows the Chinese characters to be transcribed into the Latin script as a combination of initial and final with marking of the tone with numbers.

Initial sounds

b / p / 巴	p / pʰ / 怕	m / m / 媽	f / f / 花
d / t / 打	t / tʰ / 他	n / n / 那	l / l / 啦
g / k / 家	k / kʰ / 卡	ng / ŋ / 牙	h / h / 蝦
gw / kʷ / 瓜	kw / kʰʷ / 誇	w / w / 蛙
z / ts / 渣	c / tsʰ / 叉	s / s / 沙	j / j / 也

Finals

aa / aː / 沙	aai / aːi / 徙	aau / aːu / 梢	aam / aːm / 三	aan / aːn / 山	aang / aːŋ / 坑	aap / aːp / 圾	aat / aːt / 剎	aak / aːk / 客
	ai / ɐi / 西	au / ɐu / 收	am / ɐm / 心	an / ɐn / 新	ang / ɐŋ / 笙	ap / ɐp / 濕	at / ɐt / 失	ak / ɐk / 塞
e / ɛː / 些	ei / ei / 四	eu / ɛu / 掉	em / ɛːm / 舐	en / ɛːn /	eng / ɛːŋ / 鄭	ep / ɛːp / 夾	et / ɛːt /	ek / ɛːk / 石
i / iː / 詩		iu / iːu / 消	im / iːm / 閃	in / iːn / 先	ing / ɪŋ / 星	ip / iːp / 攝	it / iːt / 洩	ik / ɪk / 識
o / ɔː / 疏	oi / ɔːi / 開	ou / ou / 蘇		on / ɔːn / 看	ong / ɔːŋ / 桑		ot / ɔːt / 喝	ok / ɔːk / 索
u / uː / 夫	ui / uːi / 灰			un / uːn / 寬	ung / ʊŋ / 鬆		ut / uːt / 闊	uk / ʊk / 叔
oe / œː / 鋸					oeng / œːŋ / 商			oek / œːk / 削
	eoi / ɵy / 需			eon / ɵn / 詢			eot / ɵt / 摔
yu / yː / 書				yun / yːn / 孫			yut / yːt / 雪
			m / m̩ / 唔		ng / ŋ̩ / 吳

Sounds

Three of the nine tones in Cantonese are so-called entry tones , also jap / ru tones ( 入聲  /  入声 , rùshēng , Jyutping jap ⁶ sing ¹ ), which appear only in syllables and end with -p, -t or -k . These three starting tones do not have their own tone number in Jyutping. The course of the tones in Cantonese can be characterized as follows by a pair of numbers (apart from the three entry tones):

Nine tones (six tones) of Cantonese after Zhao Yuanren

Sounds of Cantonese

group	Jam / Yin tones high tones ( 陰聲  /  阴声 )			Joeng- / Yang tones low tones ( 陽聲  /  阳声 )			Jap / Ru tones Entry tones ( 入聲  /  入声 )
Surname	Jamping Yinping 陰平	Jamsoeng Yinshang 陰 上	Jamheoi Yinqu 陰 去	Joengping Yangping 陽平	Joengsoeng Yangshang 陽 上	Joengheoi Yangqu 陽 去	Jamjap Yinru 陰 入	Zongjap Zongru 中 入	Joengjap Yangru 陽 入
number	1	2	3	4th	5	6th	1 (7)	3 (8)	6 (9)
Art	* High tone * Slightly falling light tone	* Medium rising tone * Middle rising light tone	* Medium tone * Light tone	* Low tone * Slightly falling dark tone	* Low rising tone * Middle rising dark tone	* Low tone * dark tone	* High entrance tone * High entrance height	* Middle entry tone * Entry height middle	* Low entry tone * Entry height low
course	53	35	33	21st	13	22nd	5	3	2
Example (characters)	詩	史	試	時	市	事	色	錫	食
Rewriting Standard (Altern.)	si1 (si 1 )	si2 (si 2 )	si3 (si 3 )	si4 (si 4 )	si5 (si 5 )	si6 (si 6 )	sik1 (sik 1 )	sik3 (sik 3 )	sik6 (sik 6 )

Examples

poem

Example transcription of the poem Awakening in Spring ( 春曉  /  春晓 , Chūnxiǎo , Jyutping Ceon ¹ hiu ² ), a classic by Meng Haoran ( 孟浩然 , Mèng Hàorán , Jyutping Maang ⁶ Hou ⁶ jin ⁴ ) from Three Hundred Tang poems :

春曉	Ceon1hiu2
春眠不覺曉,	Ceon1min4 bat1 gok3hiu2,
處處 聞 啼鳥.	cyu3cyu3 man4 tai4niu5.
夜來 風雨聲,	Je6 loi4 fung1jyu5sing1,
花落 知多少?	faa1 lok6 zi1 do1siu2?

vocabulary

Jyutping romanization

Long characters	Abbreviation	Standard 1	Alternatively 2	meaning
廣州 話	广州 话	gwong2zau1waa2	gwong 2 zau 1 waa 2	Cantonese
廣東話	广东话	gwong2dung1waa2	gwong 2 dung 1 waa 2	Cantonese
粵語	粤语	jyut6jyu5	jyut 6 jyu 5	Cantonese
你好	你好	nei5 hou2	no 5 hou 2	Hello
多謝	多谢	do1ze6	do 1 ze 6	Thank you very much
我 係 德國 人。	我 系 德国 人。	Ngo5 hai6 dak1gwok3jan4	Ngo 5 hai 6 dak 1 gwok 3 jan 4	I'm German).

annotation

¹ Standard with tone number

² Alternatively with a superscript note

See also

• Yale Romanization of Cantonese
• Yale Romanization
• Input Method - Input Method Editor - IME
• Input systems for the Chinese script
• List of transcription systems for the Chinese languages

literature

• Robert S. Bauer, Paul K. Benedict: Modern Cantonese Phonology ( 摩登 廣州 話 語音 學). In: Werner Winter (Ed.): Trends in Linguistics - Studies and Monographs 102. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1997, ISBN 978-3-11-014893-0 (English, full text in the Google book search).

Web links

• Official website (Chinese, English)
• CUHK - Chinese Character Database with Word-formations Phonologically disambiguated according to the Cantonese Dialect - Jyutping , Pinyin (chinesisch, englisch)
• Transcription tables of various transcription systems - Cantonese Pinyin ( 教 院 式 ), Yale ( 耶魯  /  耶鲁 ), Jyutping ( 粵 拼  /  粤 拼 ) and Sydney Lau ( 劉錫祥  /  刘锡祥 ) (Chinese, English)
• Cantodict Project - Jyutping, Pinyin (Chinese, English)
• Cantodict Project - Jyutping-pronounciation help (English)

• Online tools :
  • Online input tool for Chinese according to Jyutping - jyutping.com (Chinese, English)
  • Online input tool for Chinese according to Jyutping - mdbg.net (English)
  • Online Chinese character pronunciation tool (English)

• Offline tools :
  • Input software for Mac OS - Jyutping, Yale ( Memento from June 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
  • Input software for Microsoft OS - CEI - Cantonese Easy Input - Jyutping (English)
  • Input software for Microsoft OS - CPIME - Cantonese Pinyin IME - Jyutping , Pinyin (English)
  • Input software for Microsoft OS - IME - Jyutping, Pinyin (English)
  • Input software for Microsoft OS - RDCI - Red Dragonfly Cantonese Input - Jyutping (Chinese, English)
  • Input software for Microsoft OS, Mac OS, Linux - RIME - Rime Input Method Engine - Jyutping (chinese)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Benjamin Au Yeung (歐陽 偉豪, “Ben Sir”): Cantonese Jyutping and IPA - “Chinese-English encounter” - 粵語 的 粵 拼 和 IPA 中 英 見面 冊. In: life.mingpao.com . April 22, 2010, Retrieved June 8, 2019 (Chinese, Cantonese).  
2. ↑ Benjamin Au Yeung (歐陽 偉豪, “Ben Sir”): Cantonese Jyutping and IPA - “Chinese-English encounter” (addition) - 粵語 的 粵 拼 和 IPA 中 英 見面 冊 (附 短片). In: life.mingpao.com . April 22, 2010, Retrieved June 8, 2019 (Chinese, Cantonese).  
3. ↑ Benjamin Au Yeung (歐陽 偉豪, "Ben Sir"): Chinese Character Database: With Word-formations Phonologically Disambiguated According to the Cantonese Dialect - "Chinese character database - According to Cantonese pronunciation focus" - 粵語 審 音 配 詞 字庫. In: life.mingpao.com . April 22, 2010, Retrieved June 8, 2019 (Chinese, Cantonese).  
4. ↑ The Independent Learning Center, CUHK (香港 中文 大學 自學 中心): Cantonese Make Easy - 輕輕 鬆鬆 學 粵語. ( PDF file; 148 kB) In: www.ilc.cuhk.edu.hk. April 22, 2010, Retrieved June 8, 2019 (Chinese, Cantonese).  
5. ↑ Department of Chinese Language and Literature, CUHK (香港 中文 大學 中國 語言 及 文學 系): Modern Standard Chinese-Cantonese Vocabulary Comparison Database - 現代 標準 漢語 與 粵語 對照 資料 庫. In: apps.itsc.cuhk.edu.hk. Retrieved June 8, 2019 (Chinese, English, Cantonese).  
6. ↑ Dr. Tai, Chung-Pui (戴忠沛 博士): Basic methodology for learning Cantonese for foreign students in class - 如何 利用 粵語 拼音 教導 非 華語 學生 學習 基礎 粵語. ( PDF file; 564 kB) In: www.cacler.hku.hk. April 8, 2017, Retrieved June 8, 2019 (Chinese, Cantonese).  
7. ↑ The University of Hong Kong - School of Chinese - The Chinese Language Center (香港 大學 中文 學院 漢語 中心): "CantoSounds Info & Workshop" - "CantoSounds 簡介 會 及 工作坊". ( PDF file; 5.7 MB) In: web.chinese.hku.hk. April 22, 2010, accessed July 9, 2016 (Chinese, English, Cantonese).  
8. ↑ Dr. Zhang, Xiaoheng (張小衡 博士): "All Balanced 2007" - "全 衡 2007" ( Memento from September 18, 2018 in the Internet Archive ). PDF file; 324 kB. In: www.cbs.polyu.edu.hk, accessed June 26, 2020. (Chinese)
9. ↑ Jyutping learning portal - Hong Kong, China - 粵語 拼音 資源 站. In: jyutping.lt.cityu.edu.hk. Retrieved June 8, 2019 (Chinese).  
10. ↑ The City Universitys Initiative for the Correct Pronunciation of Cantonese - 城 大 推 粵語 標準 糾正 懶 音. In: hk.news.appledaily.com. October 9, 2005, Retrieved June 8, 2019 (Chinese).  
11. ^ The Linguistics Corpus of Mid-20th Century Hong Kong Cantonese - 香港 二十 世紀 中期 粵語 語料庫. In: corpus.eduhk.hk. Retrieved June 8, 2019 (Chinese, English, Cantonese).  
12. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Modern Cantonese Phonology (摩登 廣州 話 語音 學), pages 471–474