Zhuang
The Zhuang (in Zhuang Bouxcuengh , Chinese 壯族 / 壮族 , Pinyin Zhuàngzú ) are a Tai people , most of whom live in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southeast China. Together with the Buyi, Tay-Nùng and other Tai ethnic groups, they are also called Rau or Rao.
The Zhuang are one of the 56 officially recognized nationalities of China. With their 18,540,000 people (2016 census), they are the second largest people in China after the Han . Since the middle of the 20th century, a scientific discipline called Zhuangology or Zhuang customer has been concerned with the philology, history, language and literature as well as philosophy of the Zhuang.
In Vietnam and Laos live ethnic groups - each recognized as an independent nationality - that are linguistically and culturally diverse subgroups of the Zhuang in China. In Vietnam, these include the Tay (over 1.4 million people), the Nung (over 800,000 people), the San Chay (approx. 140,000 people) and the Giay (approx. 38,000 people). In Laos there are another 6,000 Giay.
Etymological notes
The name Zhuang was previously written with the character 獞 ( Zhuàng or tóng , name of a type of dog). This alluded to the role of dog meat in the Zhuang diet. Because of the pejorative connotations, the radical "dog" on the left side of the sign was replaced by the radical for human being (僮) in 1949. This combination is also read zhuàng or tóng , but here, too, the meaning (house boy) caused little enthusiasm. Ultimately, a completely new character 壯 was chosen, which means something like firm or strong .
Culture
The Zhuang are descendants of the ancient Baiyue , a largely Taiwanese- speaking people in southeastern China.
language
The language known as Zhuang comprises a group of dialects that do not form a monophyletic unit. Since the exchange between the villages in the mountainous landscape of Guangxi was very difficult, the common vocabulary is limited in many cases. There are eight northern and five southern dialects. Some have more in common with Thai languages than with each other. The language was originally written using Chinese-derived characters called Sawndip . There has been a script with Latin letters since 1975, but some intellectuals still use the old script, the history of which goes back at least to the 7th century.
religion
Most Zhuang practice a Mo or Moism ( Chinese 摩 教 , Pinyin Mó jiào ), occasionally Zhuang Shigongism ( Chinese 壮族 师 公教 , Pinyin Zhuàngzú shīgōng jiào ) called ancestral cult , which is linked to an animistic image of nature. However, there are also Christians, Buddhists and Muslims in Guangxi.
Personalities
- Nong Zhigao (侬 智 高, 1025-1055)
- Wa Shi (瓦 氏 夫人, 1498–1557)
- Wei Baqun (1894–1932)
- Huang Xianfan - was a Chinese historian, anthropologist, and educator
- Li Ning - is a Chinese entrepreneur and former gymnast
geography
In the 2016 census, 18,540,000 Zhuang were counted. Most of them live in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (91.4%); but there are also larger Zhuang populations in the provinces of Yunnan (6.5%), Guangdong (1%) and Guizhou . In addition, Zhuang have settled in all major and minor cities in China.
Distribution areas
Distribution areas of the Zhuang at the county level (2000):
Only values above 0.10% were taken into account here. AG = Autonomous Area, AB = Autonomous District, AK = Autonomous District.
| superior provincial level | superior district level | District, city, municipality | Number of Zhuang | % of all of China's Zhuang |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Nanning city | Yongning District (邕宁 区) | 766.441 | 4.74% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Laibin | Xingbin District (兴 宾 区) | 600,360 | 3.71% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Nanning city | Wuming County (武鸣 县) | 524,912 | 3.24% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Bose | District Jingxi (靖西县) | 452.399 | 2.8% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Guigang City | District Gangbei (港北区) | 424.343 | 2.62% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Hechi | Yizhou City (宜州市) | 405.372 | 2.51% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Hechi | AK Du'an der Yao (都 安 瑶族 自治县) | 399.142 | 2.47% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Liuzhou city | Liujiang County (柳江 县) | 383,478 | 2.37% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Bose | Pingguo County (平 果 县) | 350.122 | 2.16% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Nanning city | District of Heng (横县) | 323,428 | 2.0% |
| Yunnan Province | AB Wenshan the Zhuang and Miao | Guangnan County (广 南县) | 315,755 | 1.95% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Laibin | Xincheng County (忻城 县) | 315.354 | 1.95% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Chongzuo city | Tiandeng County (天等县) | 307.660 | 1.9% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Chongzuo city | Daxin district (大新 县) | 306.617 | 1.9% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Chongzuo city | Fusui District (扶绥县) | 305.369 | 1.89% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Nanning city | Circle Mashan (马山县) | 302.035 | 1.87% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Nanning city | Long'an County (隆安 县) | 301,972 | 1.87% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Bose | Tiandong County (田东 县) | 301,895 | 1.87% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Nanning city | Circle Shanglin (上林县) | 297.939 | 1.84% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Chongzuo city | Circle Ningming (宁明县) | 270.754 | 1.67% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Bose | Debao County (德 保 县) | 268,650 | 1.66% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Hechi | AK Dahua the Yao (大化 瑶族 自治) | 261,277 | 1.61% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Bose | Circle Tianyang (田阳县) | 261.129 | 1.61% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Chongzuo city | Jiangzhou District (江州区) | 245.714 | 1.52% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Bose | District Youjiang (右江区) | 244,329 | 1.51% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Chongzuo city | Circle Longzhou (龙州县) | 242,616 | 1.5% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Nanning city | District Shijiao (市郊区) | 242.049 | 1.5% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Laibin | Wuxuan County (武宣 县) | 237.239 | 1.47% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Hechi | AK Huanjiang the Maonan (环 江 毛南族 自治县) | 231.373 | 1.43% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Hechi | Jinchengjiang District (金城江 区) | 219.381 | 1.36% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Hechi | Donglan district (东兰县) | 212.998 | 1.32% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Laibin | Xiangzhou County (象州县) | 212,849 | 1.32% |
| Yunnan Province | AB Wenshan the Zhuang and Miao | Circle Funing (富宁县) | 211,749 | 1.31% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | city Qinzhou | Qinbei District (钦北区) | 209,460 | 1.29% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Liuzhou city | Luzhai County (鹿寨 县) | 208.262 | 1.29% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Liuzhou city | District Liucheng (柳城县) | 186,720 | 1.15% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Bose | AK Longlin of several nationalities (隆林 各族 自治县) | 180.172 | 1.11% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Fangchenggang City | District Shangsi (上思县) | 179,837 | 1.11% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Hechi | Nandan County (南丹 县) | 162,944 | 1.01% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Nanning city | Binyang County (宾阳 县) | 160,893 | 0.99% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Bose | Napo County (那 坡 县) | 151.939 | 0.94% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Hechi | AK Bama the Yao (巴马 瑶族 自治县) | 151.923 | 0.94% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Bose | Tianlin County (田林 县) | 140.507 | 0.87% |
| Yunnan Province | AB Wenshan the Zhuang and Miao | District Yanshan (砚山县) | 130.146 | 0.8% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Hechi | AK Luocheng the Mulam (罗城 仫佬族 自治县) | 122,803 | 0.76% |
| Yunnan Province | AB Wenshan the Zhuang and Miao | District Qiubei (丘北县) | 120,626 | 0.75% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Nanning city | Chengbei District (城北区) | 118.271 | 0.73% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Nanning city | Xincheng District (today: Qingxiu ) | 112,402 | 0.69% |
| Province Guangdong | Dongguan City | City district (市 辖区) | 98.164 | 0.61% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Liuzhou city | County Rong'an (融安县) | 97,898 | 0.6% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Hechi | District Fengshan (凤山县) | 93,652 | 0.58% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Laibin | City of Heshan (合 山 市) | 93,456 | 0.58% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Guigang City | City of Guiping (桂平 市) | 93.271 | 0.58% |
| Yunnan Province | AB Wenshan the Zhuang and Miao | Wenshan County (文山 县) | 91,257 | 0.56% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Liuzhou city | District Shijiao (市郊区) | 90.263 | 0.56% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Bose | Xilin County (西林县) | 88,935 | 0.55% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Chongzuo city | Pingxiang City (凭祥 市) | 85,603 | 0.53% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Fangchenggang City | Fangcheng District (防 城区) | 84.281 | 0.52% |
| Province Guangdong | Shenzhen city | Bao'an District (宝安 区) | 81,368 | 0.5% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Hechi | Tian'e County (天峨 县) | 79,236 | 0.49% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City ose | District of Leye (乐 业 县) | 71,739 | 0.44% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Liuzhou city | District Liunan District (柳南区) | 63,470 | 0.39% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Liuzhou city | Yufeng District (鱼峰 区) | 62,870 | 0.39% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Bose | District Lingyun (凌云县) | 58,655 | 0.36% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | city Qinzhou | District Qinnan (钦南区) | 58,571 | 0.36% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | City of Laibin | AK Jinxiu the Yao (金秀瑶 族 自治县) | 58,539 | 0.36% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Liuzhou city | District Liubei (柳北区) | 57,290 | 0.35% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Liuzhou city | AK Rongshui the Miao (融 水 苗族 自治县) | 56,770 | 0.35% |
| Yunnan Province | AB Wenshan the Zhuang and Miao | Maguan County (马 关 县) | 54,856 | 0.34% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Nanning city | District Jiangnan (江南区) | 54,232 | 0.34% |
| Province Guangdong | Foshan city | Nanhai District (南海 区) | 50.007 | 0.31% |
| Province Guangdong | Qingyuan City | AK Lianshan the Zhuang and Yao (连山 壮族 瑶族 自治县) | 44.141 | 0.27% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Guilin city | Lipu County (荔浦 县) | 41,425 | 0.26% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Hezhou city | Babu Municipality (八 步 区) | 40,532 | 0.25% |
| Yunnan Province | AB Honghe the Hani and Yi | Mengzi district (蒙自 县) | 37,938 | 0.23% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Nanning city | Xingning District (兴宁区) | 36,418 | 0.22% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Nanning city | Yongxin District (永新 区) | 34,335 | 0.21% |
| Yunnan Province | AB Wenshan the Zhuang and Miao | Circle Malipo (麻栗坡县) | 33,250 | 0.21% |
| Province Guangdong | Zhongshan City | City district (市 辖区) | 31,666 | 0.2% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Guilin city | AK Longsheng of several nationalities (龙胜 各族 自治县) | 30,358 | 0.19% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Guilin city | Yangshuo County (阳朔 县) | 29,632 | 0.18% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Guilin city | Yongfu County (永福 县) | 25,564 | 0.16% |
| Yunnan Province | AB Wenshan the Zhuang and Miao | Xichou County (西畴 县) | 24,212 | 0.15% |
| Province Guangdong | Shenzhen city | Longgang District (龙岗 区) | 22,708 | 0.14% |
| Yunnan Province | Qujing City | Shizong County (师宗 县) | 22,290 | 0.14% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Guilin city | Circle Pingle (平 乐 县) | 21,744 | 0.13% |
| Guizhou Province | AB Qiandongnan the Miao and Dong | Circle Congjiang (从江县) | 21,419 | 0.13% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Hezhou city | District Zhongshan (钟山县) | 20,834 | 0.13% |
| Province Guangdong | Foshan city | District Shunde (顺德区) | 18,759 | 0.12% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Liuzhou city | AK Sanjiang the Dong (三江 侗族 自治县) | 18,335 | 0.11% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | city Qinzhou | Lingshan County (灵山县) | 17,715 | 0.11% |
| AG Guangxi of Zhuang | Fangchenggang City | Dongxing City (东兴 市) | 16,651 | 0.1% |
| Rest of China | 780.897 | 4.83% |
See also
literature
- Baeuq Roxdoh Gingsei / 布洛陀 经 诗 译注: Bu Luotuo Jingshi yizhu (Annotated Translation of the Great Poem by Baeuq Roxdoh). 广西 人民出版社Guangxi renmin chubanshe (Guangxi People's Publishing House): 南宁 Nanning 1991. ISBN 7-219-01909-2 . 52 + 1,230 + 90 S. [Zhuang creation mythology as a great epic in the form of songs; this edition sets old Zhuang script - new Zhuang script - IPA - Chinese word for word - Chinese verse by verse and adds a scaled-down facsimile of the original manuscript on the 90 pages of the appendix].
- John DeFrancis : The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy . University of Hawaii Press, 1984, ISBN 0-8248-0866-5 , pp. 117.
- Guangxi Zhuangzu shehui lishi diaocha广西 壮族 社会 历史 调查 (Socio-historical research on the Zhuang in Guangxi). 广西 民族 出版社Guangxi minzu chubanshe (Guangxi Nationality Publishing House), 南宁 Nanning; Vol. 1, 1984, 9 + 284 pages; Vol. 2, 1985, 9 + 318 pages; Vol. 3, 1985, 6 + 209 pages; Vol. 4, 1987, ISBN 7-5363-0028-X , 3 + 433 pages; Vol. 5, 1986, 1 + 232 pages; Vol. 6, 1985, 1 + 132 pages; Vol. 7, 1987, ISBN 7-5363-0062-X . 1 + 333 pages.
- Zhuangzu baike cidian壮族 百科 辞典 (Encyclopedic Lexicon of the Zhuang Nationality). 广西 人民出版社Guangxi renmin chubanshe (Guangxi People's Publishing House): 南宁 Nanning 1993, ISBN 7-219-02476-2 . 4 + 4 + 84 + 867 pages.
Web links
- Origin of China's Largest Ethnic Minority Found
- Living Place of Zhuang Ancestor Found
- Chinese Bibliography of the Zhuang
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jing Chen, Hui Li, Zhen-Dong Qin, Wen-Hong Liu, Wei-Xiong Lin: Y-chromosome genotyping and genetic structure of Zhuang populations . In: Yi Chuan Xue Bao = Acta Genetica Sinica . tape 33 , no. December 12 , 2006, ISSN 0379-4172 , p. 1060-1072 , doi : 10.1016 / S0379-4172 (06) 60143-1 , PMID 17185165 .
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