Xibe

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Xibe men in traditional clothing around 1885

The Xibe (also Sibe , Sibo , Xibo ;ᠰᡞᠪᡝ, sibe; Chinese  锡伯族 , Pinyin Xíbózú ) are one of the 55 officially recognized minorities in the People's Republic of China . According to the last census in 2010, they counted 190,481 people. They live mainly in Liaoning (69.5%) and in the Uyghur Autonomous Region Xinjiang新疆维吾尔自治区 (19.1%), there mostly in the Qapqal Autonomous District of the Xibe 察布查尔 察布查尔 自治县. Other centers are in Heilongjiang (5.3%) and Jilin (2%).

The Xibe are closely related to the Manchurian . During the Qing Dynasty , they came under the strong influence of the Hôrqin Mongols. Some of them were relocated to Xinjiang from their homeland in northeast China. While the rest of the Manchurian population and the Xibe remaining in the northeast were linguistically assimilated by the Han Chinese and no longer speak Manchurian , the Xibe in Xinjiang have retained a daughter language of classical Manchurian: Xibenisch . However, it is nothing more than a dialect of Manchurian. The Xibian script also only differs from the Manchurian script in a few small changes. These phonetic adjustments were made in the 1940s by Xibe intellectuals who had studied in Japan. In Qapqal a newspaper is published in Xibenisch and in Qapqal and Urumqi books are printed in Xibenisch.

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