Urumqi

Uighur name
Arabic-Persian (Kona Yeziⱪ) :	ئۈرۈمچى شەھىرى
Latin (Yengi Yeziⱪ) :	Urumqi Xəⱨiri
Cyrillic ( Soviet Union ):	Үрүмчи
official notation ( PRCh ):	Urumqi
Pronunciation in IPA :	[ yrymtʃi ]
other spellings:	Urumchi, Urumchi, Urumqi
Chinese name
Abbreviation :	乌鲁木齐市
Traditional characters :	烏魯木齊
Transcription in Pinyin :	Wūlǔmùqí Shì
Wade-Giles transcription :	Wu-lu-mu-chi Shih

Ürümqi , in German Urumtschi ( Chinese 乌鲁木齐市 , Pinyin Wūlǔmùqí Shì , Uighur ئۈرۈمچى شەھىرى, also Urumchi , until 1954 迪化 Díhuà ), is the capital of the Uyghur Autonomous Region Xinjiang in the People's Republic of China . The city is also the main city in the Djungarian countryside . As a district-free city , Ürümqi has an administrative area of 14,875.5 km² and around 3.52 million inhabitants (2014).

With over 2000 km, Ürümqi is the largest city in the world furthest from the sea and is only 300 km from the Eurasian inaccessibility pole . It lies at the northern foot of the Tian Shan Mountains. The most important industries are the petrochemical , textile and iron and steel industries . Wind energy has also established itself in the Ürümqi region with the largest wind farm in China . The Beijing - Almaty ( Kazakhstan ) railway runs through Urumqi.

As in all of China, the Chinese standard time (also known as "Beijing time", UTC +8 hours; see time zones of China ) applies in Ürümqi . With regard to the position of the sun , there is a difference of two hours from Beijing.

population

According to the census (2000), Ürümqi had 2,081,834 inhabitants (population density: 174.53 inhabitants / km²).

The population in 2000 was made up of the following ethnic groups:

Name of the people	Residents	proportion of
Han	1,567,562	75.30%
Uighurs	266,342	12.79%
Hui	167.148	8.03%
Kazakhs	48,772	2.34%
Manchu	7,682	0.37%
Mongols	7,252	0.35%
Xibe	3,674	0.18%
Russians	2,603	0.13%
Tujia	1,613	0.08%
Kyrgyz	1,436	0.07%
Uzbeks	1.406	0.07%
Zhuang	878	0.04%
Tatars	767	0.04%
Tibetans	665	0.03%
Dongxiang	621	0.03%
Miao	620	0.03%
Korean	588	0.03%
Others	2,205	0.09%

Population development of the agglomeration according to the UN

In 2017, just under 3.8 million people lived in the actual urban settlement area of the city. The rest of the population lives in the rural area. Due to advancing urbanization, the agglomeration is expected to have 5.8 million inhabitants by 2035.

year	population
1950	102,000
1960	296,000
1970	581,000
1980	881,000
1990	1,241,000
2000	1,807,000
2010	2,811,000
2017	3,837,000

Administrative structure

At the district level, Ürümqi is made up of seven city districts and one district. These are:

map
1. Tianshan 2. Xinshi 3. Toutunhe 1 Saybag 2 Shuimogou 3 Dabancheng ※ Midong Urumqi district ※
	Uighur		Chinese		Area (km²)	Residents
	Kona Yeziⱪ	Yengi Yeziⱪ	character	Pīnyīn	Area (km²)	Residents
Tianshan District (center and seat of the city government)	تەڭرىتاغ	Təngritaƣ	天山区	Tiānshān Qū	171	490,000
Saybag district	سايباغ	Saybaƣ	沙依巴克区	Shāyībākè Qū	422.47	445,000
Xinshi District ("New Town")	يېڭىشەھەر	Yengixəⱨər	新市区	Xīnshì Qū	142.52	377,000
District Shuimogou	شۇيموگۇ	Shuimogu	水磨沟区	Shuǐmogōu Qū	91.56	165,000
Toutunhe municipality	تۇدۇڭخابا	Tutunghaba	头屯河区	Tóutúnhé Qū	275.59	125,000
Dabancheng District	داۋانچىڭ	Dawanqing	达坂城区	Dábǎnchéng Qū	5,187.58	42,000
Midong Municipality	میدونگ	Midong	米东区	Mǐdōng Qū	3,407.42	296,000
Urumqi County	ئۈرۈمچى	Urumqi	乌鲁木齐县	Wūlǔmùqí Xiàn	4,332.16	83,000

climate

In Ürümqi there is a continental steppe climate with hot and dry summers (average temperature in July 24 ° C) and humid and cold winters (average temperature in January −16 ° C). The annual average temperature is 5.4 ° C, the total annual precipitation is 273 mm. Spring and autumn are very short in this region. May to October are considered the best time to travel to Urumqi.

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Urumqi

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Max. Temperature ( ° C )

−8.4

−6.2

3.7

16.7

24.3

28.8

31.2

30.0

23.7

13.6

2.0

−6.1

O

12.9

Min. Temperature (° C)

−17.9

−15.9

−4.9

5.2

12.0

16.8

19.1

17.7

11.8

3.4

−6.0

−14.4

O

2.3

Precipitation ( mm )

8th

18th

29

28

36

20th

16

24

22nd

17th

10

Σ

236

Rainy days ( d )

10

7th

8th

6th

5

6th

7th

9

Σ

87

Source: WMO

economy

According to a study from 2014, Ürümqi has a gross domestic product of 59.6 billion US dollars in purchasing power parity . In the ranking of the economically strongest metropolitan regions worldwide, the city took 199th place. The GDP per capita is $ 22,590 (PPP). The city employed 1.2 million people. At 11% in the period from 2009 to 2014, GDP per capita grew very quickly.

traffic

Central Asia with the Silk Road

Urumqi business district

The Urumqi Diwopu airport is located about 17 km from the city center in the northwest. It connects Ürümqi with 700 flights per week with 53 destinations within China as well as with 14 international destinations, including Tashkent , Novosibirsk , Moscow , Islamabad , Almaty and Bishkek .

Line 1 of the Ürümqi Metro has been connecting the airport with the city center since October 25, 2018 . The 16.56 km long route has 12 stations. An extension of line 1 to the south and other lines are under construction.

Ürümqi is connected to major cities in China and the province by the Beijiang Railway, the northern branch of the Lanxin Railway (Northern Xinjiang Railway), as the only rail-bound route. The route leads west via the Alashankou station (kilometer point 2358.376, 477 kilometers from Ürümqi) through the Djungarian gate to Dostyk in Kazakhstan . In the direction of the heartland of China, there is the possibility of a connection at the Turfan node via the southern part of the railway (Southern Xinjiang Railway) and Korla , Aksu , Kuytun and Liuyuannach to Kashgar in the Tarim Basin , currently the westernmost station in the People's Republic. At the starting point of the route in Lanzhou after 1,903.3 kilometers and shortly before in Wuwei (in Inner Mongolia, on to Ulan Bator in Mongolia ) there is a further connection to the Chinese railway network. The construction of the core of the Lanxin line ( Lan zhou - Xin jiang Railway) began in 1952 and was completed after ten years. The gap with the Kazakhstan Railway Temir Scholy was closed on September 12, 1990; the southern section along the Taklamakan Desert was completed in the late 1990s. After the construction of the Wushaoling Tunnel in 2006, with 21.5 kilometers the longest railway tunnel in China, the main line is consistently double-track.

There are also three major bus stations in Ürümqi: Northern Suburb Passenger Transport Station, Southern Suburb Passenger Transport Station and Nianzigou Passenger Transport Station.

Attractions

Tourist attractions in or near Urumqi are u. a. the Sky Lake (110 km east), the "Hong Shan" (red mountain), the South Mosque, the Xinjiang Regional Museum and the "International Bazar", which is located in the city center.

In the province's museum there are several mummies of the fair-skinned Indo-European Tochar people found in the Tarim Basin .

Ürümqi City Museum (乌鲁木齐博物馆) is located at 123 South Nanhu Road (南湖南路 123).

Ürümqi's skyline in September 2006

Hongshan Park in Urumqi

history

The city of Urumqi was ruled by the Djungarian khanate in the 17th century , and in 1722 it was conquered by the Qing dynasty .

On July 5, 2009, after an initially peaceful demonstration, Uyghur demonstrators reportedly attacked Han Chinese in Urumqi, setting fire to vehicles, storming some shops and blocking traffic at several intersections. According to eyewitness reports, the 3,000 or so demonstrators were armed with wooden sticks and knives. The police were ordered to restore law and order. According to official information, there were bloody clashes with 184 dead, including 137 Han, 46 Uyghurs and one member of the Hui minority, who were slain by the angry crowd. The background to this is the tensions that have persisted for years between the Chinese central government, the provincial government that is dependent on it, and the Uyghur and other ethnic minorities' aspirations for autonomy .

Twin cities

Kazakhstan Almaty , Kazakhstan
Pakistan Peshawar , Pakistan
Kyrgyzstan Bishkek , Kyrgyzstan
Russia Chelyabinsk , Russia
Tajikistan Dushanbe , Tajikistan

Sports

The city-based soccer club Xinjiang Tianshan Leopard currently plays in the second Chinese division ( China League One ).

Eponyms

The asteroid (2729) Urumqi , discovered on October 18, 1979, has been named after the city since 1991.

Web links

Commons : Ürümqi - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Race against time - the Chinese city of Ürümqi will be one of the megacities of the future. Whether or not aspects of sustainability play a role in their history is already being decided now. In: Telepolis
CHINA “Lovely pasture” The big city of Ürümqi in northwest China is surrounded by picturesque natural beauty. ( Eurasian magazine )

Individual evidence

↑ World Urbanization Prospects - Population Division - United Nations. Retrieved July 23, 2018 .
^ Alan Berube, Jesus Leal Trujillo, Tao Ran, and Joseph Parilla: Global Metro Monitor . In: Brookings . January 22, 2015 ( brookings.edu [accessed July 30, 2018]).
^ Keith Barrow: Urumqi opens first metro line | International Railway Journal. In: International Railway Journal. October 30, 2018, accessed November 4, 2018 .
^ Jürgen Paul : Central Asia. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2012 ( Neue Fischer Weltgeschichte , Volume 10), p. 158.
↑ sueddeutsche.de ( Memento of the original from July 13, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ nzz.ch
↑ Minor Planet Circ. 18448

[1] World Urbanization Prospects - Population Division - United Nations. Retrieved July 23, 2018 .

[2] Alan Berube, Jesus Leal Trujillo, Tao Ran, and Joseph Parilla: Global Metro Monitor . In: Brookings . January 22, 2015 ( brookings.edu [accessed July 30, 2018]).

[3] Keith Barrow: Urumqi opens first metro line | International Railway Journal. In: International Railway Journal. October 30, 2018, accessed November 4, 2018 .

[4] Jürgen Paul : Central Asia. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2012 ( Neue Fischer Weltgeschichte , Volume 10), p. 158.

[5] sueddeutsche.de ( Memento of the original from July 13, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2

[6] zz.ch

[7] Minor Planet Circ. 18448