Pole of inaccessibility
Location of the different north poles |
The pole of inaccessibility (also inaccessibility pole or pole of inaccessibility or pole of relative inaccessibility ) refers to different positions on earth , on land or on water that are at a maximum distance from the nearest coast . The concept goes back to the polar explorer Vilhjálmur Stefánsson , who wanted to differentiate between the North Pole and the most distant point in the Arctic .
Most lonely and inaccessible places in the world
The most inaccessible inhabited island in the world is Tristan da Cunha in the South Atlantic , which belongs to Great Britain as part of the British overseas territory of St. Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha . From there it is about 2000 km to the next inhabited island ( Saint Helena ) and 2400 km to the next mainland ( South Africa ). 292 people live on Tristan da Cunha.
The most inaccessible island overall is the Norwegian Bouvet Island in the South Atlantic. The nearest inhabited island, Tristan da Cunha, is 2200 km away. South Africa is about 2500 km away.
The loneliest place of all is the Pacific Pole of Inaccessibility, or Point Nemo, listed below .
North Pole of Inaccessibility
The north pole of inaccessibility is at the coordinates 84 ° 3 ′ N , 174 ° 51 ′ W at the point of the Arctic pack ice , which is furthest from mainlands and islands. It is 772 kilometers from the geographic North Pole , 1,366 kilometers north of Utqiaġvik ( Alaska ), 1,127 kilometers from the land masses of Ellesmere Island ( Canada ) and 1,239 kilometers from Franz Josef Land ( Russia ).
The North Pole of Inaccessibility was in 1927 by Sir Hubert Wilkins with an aircraft reached. Due to the permanent movement of the pack ice , there is no landmark here.
South Pole of Inaccessibility
The south pole of the inaccessibility is at the coordinates 85 ° 50 ′ S , 65 ° 47 ′ E (according to other data at 82 ° 6 ′ S , 54 ° 58 ′ E ) at the point of the ice-covered land mass of the Antarctic , which on farthest from the water masses of the Southern Ocean - and thus from the ocean . It is 463 km from the geographic South Pole and is at an altitude of 3718 meters above sea level . The annual average temperature is −58.2 ° C, making it one of the lowest on earth.
As part of a Soviet Antarctic expedition that took place in 1958 in the International Geophysical Year , this pole was reached and a Soviet research station was set up not far, which was named Poljus Nedostupnosti . A prefabricated, wooden bust of Lenin was carried along and erected. The station and bust were recorded as historical sites in the appendix to the Antarctic Treaty .
Pacific Pole of Inaccessibility
The Pacific Pole of Inaccessibility (also called Point Nemo or Water Pole ) is located at coordinates 48 ° 52 ′ 31.75 ″ S , 123 ° 23 ′ 33.07 ″ W, and is the point on the Earth's surface farthest from mainlands and islands away. It was only determined in 1992 by the Croatian surveying technician Hrvoje Lukatela . It is located in the South Pacific, 2,688 km (1,451 nautical miles ) from the nearest land: Ducie (part of the Pitcairn Islands ) in the north, Motu Nui (off Easter Island ) in the northeast, and Maher Island (near Siple Island off the coast of Marie Byrd land , Antarctica) in the south. The Chatham Island lies to the west and southern Chile is located in the east. This pole is also used as a spaceship graveyard ; so were z. B. unmanned capsules after returning from the space station ISS and brought the Mir to a controlled crash over this point.
Eurasian pole of inaccessibility
The Eurasian Pole of Inaccessibility is at the coordinates 46 ° 17 ′ N , 86 ° 40 ′ E and is the place on the earth's surface that is furthest from the ocean . It is located in northwestern China in the Xinjiang autonomous region in the Gurbantünggüt desert and is 287 km from the city of Urumqi ( Urumqi ). The distance to the nearest coast is 2370 km.
The latest computer calculations suggest two alternative locations (in connection with the coastline uncertainty), both of which are also in the area of Urumqi (EPIA = Eurasian point of inaccessibility):
- EPIA1: 44 ° 17 '24 " N , 82 ° 11' 24" O , km distance from the ocean 2510 ± 10 and
- EPIA2: 45 ° 16 '48 " N , 88 ° 8' 24" O (also in Gurbantünggüt Desert) km, distance from the ocean 2514 ± fourteenth
Distance to the next street
In a figurative sense, places away from roads are sometimes referred to as “inaccessibility poles” in order to have a measure of the size of wilderness areas . Sweden , for example, has a point in the Padjelanta National Park that is at least 47 km from the nearest road in all directions. In Germany, the islands of Großer Knechtsand and Greifswalder Oie are each around 13.5 km from the nearest road. On the mainland it is 10.1 km a point in the Berchtesgaden National Park . Outside the Alps and without a location on a large lake, one point in the Bavarian Forest National Park is 6.3 km.
literature
- Daniel Garcia-Castellanos, Umberto Lombardo: Poles of Inaccessibility: A Calculation Algorithm for the Remotest Places on Earth. In: Scottish Geographical Journal. Vol. 123, no. 3, September 2007, pp. 227-233. ( PDF; 837 kB )
Web links
- Point Nemo at geocuriosa.com
- Roadless initiative with zoomable world map
Individual evidence
- ↑ Vilhjalmur Stefansson: The Region of Maximum Inaccessibility in the Arctic . In: Geographical Review . tape 10 , no. 3 , 1920, p. 167-172 , doi : 10.2307 / 207749 .
- ↑ beeline Bouvetinsel → Cape Town - distance between Bouvetinsel and Cape Town. Retrieved March 15, 2017 .
- ↑ Joachim Blüthgen: Textbook of General Geography. General climatic geography. 3. Edition. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1980, p. 150 ( snippet )
- ↑ Joshua Foer, Dylan Thuras, Ella Morton: Atlas Obscura: An Explorer's Guide to the World's Hidden Wonders. Workman, New York 2016, p. 445 ( snippet )
- ↑ Ben Saul, Tim Stephens (eds.): Annex: List of historical sites and monuments approved by the Antarctic treaty consultative meeting. In: Antarctica in International Law. Bloomsbury, 2015, p. 128 ( snippet )
- ↑ Jan Henne: This is the most remote place in the world - it is 2688 kilometers from the nearest mainland. In: GEO.de. Retrieved September 22, 2017 .
- ^ Point Nemo. In: geocuriosa. Retrieved May 26, 2011 .
- Jump up ↑ Poles of Inaccessibility: A Calculation Algorithm for the Remotest Places on Earth . In: Scottish Geographical Journal . tape 123 , no. 3 , 2007, p. 227-233 , doi : 10.1080 / 14702540801897809 .
- ↑ Sveriges 30 national parks - En guide till vår finaste natur . pdf flyer in: naturvardsverket.se, accessed on September 10, 2018, p. 18.
- ↑ Places of inaccessibility . In: hanshack.com, accessed September 10, 2018.