Jilin

吉林省
Jílín Shěng
Abbreviation : 吉 ( Pinyin : Jí)
Capital	Changchun
surface - Total - share in the PRC	Rank 14 out of 33 187,400 km² 1.95%
population - Total 2016 - density	Rank 21 out of 33 27,330,000 inhabitants 144 inhabitants / km²
Management type	province
governor	Jing Junhai

ISO-3166-2 code	CN-JL
District level	8 cities, 1 autonomous district
District level	20 cities, 21 city districts, 16 counties, 3 autonomous counties
Community level	427 large communities, 252 street districts, 312 communities, 32 nationality communities

Jílín ( Chinese 吉林 - "auspicious forest", outdated transcript of the Chinese Post Kirin ) is a province in the northeast of the People's Republic of China . There is also a city of the same name in this province, which is east of Changchun .

geography

Bordering provinces : Heilongjiang , Liaoning , Inner Mongolia
Bordering countries : North Korea , Russia

The geographical features of Jilin are outlined in a Chinese saying with yi shan san shui (一山三水 one mountain range - three rivers).

The mountain is the Changbai Mountains in the southeast.
The three rivers are the border river Yalu Jiang , Songhua Jiang and Liao He .

Jilin has a north-continental climate determined by the monsoons , with long cold winters and short warm summers. The average temperature in January fluctuates between −20 and −14 ° C. The mean rainfall is 350 to 1000 mm.

Administratively, Jilin is divided into eight prefecture-level cities and one autonomous district:

Changchun City (长春市),
Jilin City (吉林市),
City of Siping (四平市),
Liaoyuan City (辽源市),
Tonghua City (通化市),
Baishan City (白山市),
Songyuan City (松原市),
Baicheng City (白城市),
Koreans' Yanbian Autonomous District (延边朝鲜族自治州).

Biggest cities

The ten largest cities in the province with the actual urban settlement population as of the 2010 census are as follows:

rank	city	population	rank	city	population
1	Changchun	3.411.209	6th	Tonghua	476.792
2	Jilin	1,469,722	7th	Songyuan	464.999
3	Siping	509.107	8th	Liaoyuan	385.049
4th	Yanji	505.516	9	Baicheng	359,492
5	Baishan	503.287	10	Gongzhuling	337.851

history

Territories ceded to Russia in the Treaties of 1858 and 1860

The area of today's Jilin belongs to the kingdoms of Goguryeo and Balhae in earlier times . With the Beijing Convention of 1860, the northeastern part of the area was ceded to the Russian Empire and part of the Primorye Province . After the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Russia had to evacuate Manchuria. In 1932 the province was added to the Japanese puppet government of Manchukuo . During World War II , the Imperial Japanese Army had troops in Jilin. The unit 731 , a secret facility of the Kwantung Army , had its headquarters here. She took here experiments on living people before and killed in this way, several thousand people. At the end of the war in 1945, when the production facilities were destroyed by the Japanese army, rats infected with plague were released, which caused an epidemic in the province and also in Heilongjiang with over 20,000 deaths. Towards the end of the Second World War, the province was conquered by the Red Army (see: Operation Auguststurm ). The Soviet Union later handed this area over to the Chinese Communist Party , which set out from here to conquer all of China in the Chinese Civil War .

Demography and Autonomy

About 91% of the population are Han Chinese. Although Koreans make up 4% of the province's population, their Autonomous District and Changbai Autonomous County (in Baishan City) comprise just under a quarter (24.6%) of the total area of Jilin Province. The Manchu share is also 4%, but their Yitong (Siping) autonomous district only makes up 1.3% of the province's area. The proportion of Mongols is 0.6%, their autonomous district of Vorderer Gorlos (Songyuan) makes up 2.7% of the province's area, as it is much less populated.

Population development

Population growth in the province since 1954.

year	population
1954 census	11,290,073
1964 census	15,668,663
1982 census	22,560,053
1990 census	24,658,721
2000 census	26,802,191
2010 census	27,452,815
Guess 2016	27,330,000

economy

In the provincial capital of Changchun , the first automobile plant was built in the 1950s with the help of the Soviet Union , which produced the Jiefang (= liberation) truck type with 95 hp for over thirty years without any changes being made. The first model change took place in 1987, the four-ton truck was upgraded to a five-ton truck with a more powerful engine. Western corporations also take into account the importance of this plant: Volkswagen has the Golf IV and Jetta assembled here, and various Mercedes models are assembled for Daimler-Chrysler .

Since 1958 the classic functionary car “Rote Fahne” ( Hongqi ) has also been built here.

tourism

The sky lake on the Baitoushan

The 220,000 hectare nature reserve of the Changbai Mountains , the largest protected area in China, extends 250 kilometers on the border with Korea . It has been included in UNESCO 's international nature conservation program. The rocks of Changbai shimmer white, from which the name is derived ( always white ). One of the peaks is the 2,155 meter high Baitoushan Whitehead Mountain , an extinct volcano. The well-known 9.2 km² large sky lake spreads out on its top , a crater over 300 meters deep, which was formed during a volcanic eruption in 1702 and filled with water.

additional

Jilin Province was the first Chinese province to allow women to have artificial insemination . This sparked heated discussions about the value of family, which for many Chinese comes first.

Web links

Commons : Jilin - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ Hainan (China): Province, Cities & Counties - Population Statistics, Maps, Graphics, Weather and Web Information. Retrieved May 10, 2018 .
↑ China: Provinces and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather, and Web Information. Retrieved May 7, 2018 .

43.834527 126.298828Coordinates: 43 ° 50 ' N , 126 ° 18' E

[1] Hainan (China): Province, Cities & Counties - Population Statistics, Maps, Graphics, Weather and Web Information. Retrieved May 10, 2018 .

[2] China: Provinces and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather, and Web Information. Retrieved May 7, 2018 .