Henan

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Henan (disambiguation) .

河南省
Hénán Shěng

Abbreviation : 豫 ( Pinyin : Yù)
Capital	Zhengzhou
surface  - Total  - share in the PRC	Rank 17 out of 33 167,000 km² 1.74%
population  - Total 2016  - density	Rank 3 of 33 95,330,000 inhabitants 572 inhabitants / km²
Management type	province
governor	Chen Run'er
ISO-3166-2 code	CN-HA
District level	17 cities
District level	83 counties, 53 city districts, 22 cities
Community level	1,014 large communities, 815 communities, 558 street quarters, 12 nationality communities

Henan ( Chinese  河南 , Pinyin Hénán , W.-G. Ho-nan , German: Henan / Honan) is a province in the eastern center of the People's Republic of China . Henan is home to the cities of Luoyang and Kaifeng , both of which were capitals of the Chinese Empire at different times . Henan has 94.02 million inhabitants and was the most populous province in China until the last census in 2010. Today Henan ranks third after Guangdong and Shandong . The name, composed of hé (河 - "river") and nán (南 - "south"), means "south of the river" and refers to the Yellow River (Huáng Hé).

geography

Climate diagram Zhengzhou

In 1954, the capital was moved from the old Kaifeng Cultural Center to the industrial city of Zhengzhou . The province lies on both sides of the Yellow River , which flows through the province over a length of 700 km; however, most of it is south of it. Henan is clearly demarcated from the other provinces of China by mountains and rivers as natural barriers to the west, northwest and south, while in the east it opens up to the Great Plain, which offers very good conditions for growing grain.

The neighboring provinces are Anhui , Hubei , Shanxi , Hebei , Shandong and Shaanxi . In addition to the provincial capital Zhengzhou , the cities in the province also include the old imperial cities of Kaifeng and Luoyang .

Henan's climate is continental with cold and relatively dry winters and hot and humid summers. Temperatures and precipitation increase from north to south. Henan is threatened by natural disasters to a great extent. Nearly 1,000 drought and flood disasters have been reported in the past 2,000 years . On the one hand, the various shifts in the riverbed of the Yellow River in its lower reaches had an impact on agriculture in the province; on the other hand, the heavy rainfall in summer quickly leads to an increase in the water flow in the rivers, which can then overflow their banks. The dikes and canals that have been built since the 1950s have led to an improvement in protection and thus also the conditions for agriculture.

Population development

Population growth in the province since 1954.

year	population
1954 census	44.214.594
1964 census	50.325.511
1982 census	74,422,739
1990 census	85.509.535
2000 census	91.236.854
2010 census	94.029.939
Guess 2016	95,320,000

Administrative structure

Henan Province is made up of 17 district-free cities and one district-free city, which is directly subordinate to the provincial government. They are:

• Anyang
• Hebi
• Jiaozuo
• Jiyuan (independent city)
• Kaifeng
• Luohe
• Luoyang
• Nanyang
• Pingdingshan
• Puyang
• Sanmenxia
• Shangqiu
• Xinxiang
• Xinyang
• Xuchang
• Zhengzhou
• Zhoukou
• Zhumadian

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Biggest cities

The population figures are based on the 2010 census and refer to the actual urban settlement. The province's urbanization rate is below the Chinese average.

rank	city	Residents	rank	city	Residents
1	Zhengzhou	3,677,032	6th	Kaifeng	894.142
2	Luoyang	1,584,463	7th	Pingdingshan	855.130
3	Xinxiang	918.078	8th	Jiaozuo	702.527
4th	Anyang	908.129	9	Xinyang	625.302
5	Nanyang	899.899	10	Shangqiu	618,549

Economy and Transport

The Zhengzhou East Station, which opened in 2012, has 32 tracks

Agriculture continues to play an important role in the province's overall economy; Henan is considered the most important granary in central China. Around 82% of the province's population live in the countryside, only 18% in cities.

In 2015, the province had a GDP of 3.70 trillion yuan (594 billion US dollars), ranking fifth among the provinces of China. The GDP per capita was 42,247 yuan (6,361 US dollars / PPP: 12,164 US dollars) per year (20th place among the Chinese provinces). The level of prosperity in the province was 78% of the Chinese average, roughly on par with Sri Lanka .

Of great importance are the Beijing – Guangzhou and Xuzhou – Lanzhou high-speed lines crossing Henan , which meet in Zhengzhou, making this city the second largest railway junction in terms of traffic volume in China in 2014 and the Zhengzhou East station the largest transfer station in Asia in 2015. Industrialization is concentrated along the high-speed routes, while in the rural areas with little traffic there is still great poverty.

The small town of Nanjiecun has received international attention in reporting due to its original collectivism and economic successes.

On June 14, 2007, the Chinese police said they had freed over 200 slaves from brickworks in the province of Hénán; 29 children were among them. During the three-day raid , 35,000 officers examined 7,500 brick factories in the area and arrested 120 suspects. The slaves were beaten and forced to work without pay. Previously, an online petition from around 400 fathers had caused a sensation, denouncing the inaction of the authorities because of the kidnapping of their children.

Culture

Longmen Grottoes

Henan opera is a well-known form of Chinese opera . Near Luoyang are the Longmen Grottoes , since 2000 the UNESCO - World Heritage belong.

Henan is considered the region of origin of the Chinese culture and nation. Its inhabitants see themselves as descendants of the Yellow Emperor . 19 dynasties had their seat here: near Anyang , in Luoyang and in Kaifeng . Accordingly, Henan was home to many historical and literary personalities ( Laozi , Zhuangzi , Han Fei , Lü Buwei , Shang Yang , Li Si , Yue Fei , Du Fu , Bai Juyi ...). With the invasion of the Jurchen and the Mongol invasion, Henan's central function ended. The center of power was moved to northern China and Henan lost its key position.

tourism

Stupas at the Shaolin Temple

There is only one real attraction around the provincial capital Zhengzhou , the Shaolin Monastery. It was built 1500 years ago, at the time of the Northern Wei Dynasty , at the foot of the Song Shan Mountains not far from the Yellow River and is quiet and deserted in the mountains. The emperor at the time had it built in honor of the Indian monk Ba Tuo, who had advised him well on political issues. About 20 years later, the Indian monk Bodhidharma (Chin. Da Mo, Japanese Daruma) arrived in Shaolin to spread his conception of Buddhism, which is now known as Chan or Zen Buddhism . He was shocked by the poor physical condition of the Buddhist monks (caused by sitting for long periods of time while meditating) and devised an exercise system to train the monks' bodies and keep them healthy. Exercises like Xi Sui Jing (washing of the marrow) and Yi Jin Jing (transformation of tendons and ligaments) were the origin of Shaolin Quan Kung Fu . The pagoda forest , Talin, is just under a kilometer southwest of the Shaolin Monastery . It is the cemetery of the monastery complex with 220 small pagodas that contain the ashes of famous monks. The differently designed pagodas all face south, the home of Buddha .

science

The asteroid (2085) Henan , discovered on December 20, 1965, has been named for the province since 1980.

Web links

Commons : Henan  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Information page (English)
• Henan Province (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Willy Lam: # 93; = 37900 & tx_ttnews [backPid] = 25 & cHash = a68c5d113208670d0ba74e9dbc138648 2010 Census Exposes Fault Lines in China's Demographic Shifts ( Memento of the original from September 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . China Letter , Jamestown Foundation, May 6, 2011. 
2. ↑ China: Provinces and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather, and Web Information. Retrieved May 6, 2018 . 
3. ↑ Shandong (China): Prefecture Level, Cities & Counties - Population Statistics, Maps, Graphics, Weather and Web Information. Retrieved January 17, 2018 . 
4. ↑ : [1]
5. ^ Zhenhua Chen, Kingsley E. Haynes: Chinese Railways in the Era of High-Speed. Emerald Group, Bingley 2015, ISBN 978-1-78441-985-1 .
6. ^ Zhengzhou East Railway Station on travelchinaguide.com , accessed December 23, 2015.
7. ↑ www.nanjiecun.cn ( Memento of the original from November 18, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
8. ↑ www.20min.ch - "Hundreds of slaves freed"
9. ↑ Minor Planet Circ. 5184

Coordinates: 34 ° 8 '  N , 113 ° 46'  E