Raid
Raid (from Arabic غزوة, DMG ġazwa , war campaign, raid, attack battle ') is the term for a planned, planned search for people or search for things for the purpose of averting danger (e.g. prevention of criminal offenses) within a suddenly cordoned off location for an unspecified group of people . or criminal prosecution (repression).
etymology
Razzia for a "surprisingly carried out police manhunt, patrol for suspicious persons" was borrowed from the French razzia for "raid, booty warfare" and then transferred to "manhunt by the regulatory authorities". It originally comes from Maghrebian - Arabic غازية, DMG ġāziya , which denotes the raid and vengeance of a tribe against its neighbors. The French-language expression was adopted in the German language in the middle of the 19th century and initially referred to Arab conditions and the actions of French troops in Algeria at the beginning of colonial rule, and from the second half of the 19th century also to those developed in French , figurative meaning.
Concept history
Razzia was originally a name for the raids of the North African corsairs in southern Europe. During these raids, the pirates captured goods and livestock, especially Christian slaves , who were sold on the slave markets of the barbarian states . During the French conquest of Algeria in the 1830s and 1840s, the French military strategically applied the locally known war technique to extinguish the resistance of the locals, thus transforming it into a practice of state-disciplining violence for the first time.
As defined Pierer's Universal-Lexikon 1861 raid as:
"Razzia (Arabic Ghazidshah), generally a military raid, in which the harvest and the like. the villages burned u. the cattle are driven away. Since the French occupation of Algiers, especially exercised by the French against the hostile Arab tribes in Algeria or, conversely, by Abd el Kader against the Arab tribes attached to the French. "
the Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon 1911, on the other hand, as:
“Razzĭa (arab.), Originally military. Raiding, looting; now the police raid on suspicious individuals. "
Federal Republic of Germany
There is no raid in legal language, individual aspects of the term, which is mostly used colloquially today, are regulated in state laws or are based on the general clause of the police law . The criminal law aspect is federal competence, but not specifically regulated. It can be based on § 163b , § 163c , § 127 , § 102 , § 103 StPO . An initial suspicion is then required in accordance with Section 152 (2) StPO.
A measure can be ordered by the public prosecutor by means of an order or directly by the police authorities.
Several times in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany, searches in editorial rooms have caused a sensation. They were justified by the state on suspicion of treason or the unauthorized possession of information material , while parts of the public feared a violation of the freedom of the press ( Art. 5 GG ), especially if a critical article preceded the action. Well-known raids of this type were carried out during the Spiegel affair in 1962 and during the search of Cicero magazine in 2005.
Web links
Wikinews: Raid - On The NewsIndividual evidence
- ^ Raid. In: Digital dictionary of the German language . Retrieved September 13, 2014
- ^ William Gallois: A History of Violence in the Early Algerian Colony . Basingstoke 2013.
- ^ Raid . In: Universal Lexicon of the Present and Past . 4., reworked. and greatly increased edition, Volume 13: Pfiff – Reidsville , Eigenverlag, Altenburg 1861, p. 864 .
- ^ Raid . In: Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon . 5th edition. Volume 2, F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1911, p. 497 .
